Zurich

Historicalevolution

ZurichisoneoftheearliestcitiesdevelopedinSwitzerland,andmostofitsbuildingswerebuiltinthe19thcentury.Accordingtoarchaeologicalfindings,therehavebeensignsofhumanactivitysince3000BC.TheremainsoftheseStoneAgeandBronzeAgesettlementsstillremainontheLindenhofhillontheleftbankoftheLimmat,whichisZurich.Oneofthemostpreciousculturalheritage.

Fromthemiddleofthe1stcentury,theRomansruledthisplaceandbuiltbunkerandcheckpointsontheLindenhofhill,whichwascalledTuricumatthattime.Inthe5thcenturyAD,theAlamannitooktheplaceoftheRomansandbecametheownersoftheland;inthe8thcentury,GermanCharlemagnebegantobuildZurich,andtheGrossCathedral,oneofthemostimportantbuildingsinthecity,mayhavecomefromInthehandsoftheGermanemperor.

In853AD,Charlemagne’sgrandson,LudwigtheGerman,builtanotherchurchofOurLadyontheLimmatRiverontheoppositebankoftheGrosCathedraltorivalhisancestors,butitwasimmediatelyrebuiltbyhisdaughterHildegardeIntoamonastery.

IntheMiddleAges,Zurich,likemostEuropeancities,wasalsoharassedbyforeignraces.Duringtheperiod,thereweremanysadstories.ThereisacarvedfountainontheLindenhofhilltocommemorateoneofthem.Thelegend.In1218,ZurichbecameoneoftheroyalcitiesoftheGermanEmpire;in1336,theZurichParliamentpassedtheEconomicGuildLawundertheauspicesofRudolfBrun;in1351,itjoinedtheranksoftheSwissConfederationandbecamethefifthcantonoftheSwissConfederation.Inordertoachievearelativelystableandrapiddevelopment.In1440,duetolanddisputeswithothercantons,leadingtowar,hewasexpelledfromtheSwissConfederation;in1446,hewasdefeatedinthecivilwar;until1450,itwasre-admittedbytheSwissConfederation.

Inthe16thcentury,whenthereligiousrevolutionwasbooming,Zurichalsobeganagloriouserainwhichcultureandeconomywenthandinhand.TheFrenchRevolutioninthe18thcenturybroughtconsiderableideologicalshocksandformedsocialandpoliticalchaoshere;however,Zurichquicklyfounditsowndirectionandmovedquicklytowardsmodernization,andfinallybecamethemostimportantandrichestinEurope.Oneofthevibrantchemicalandindustrialcities.

Inthe1850s,Switzerland'sfirstrailwayconnectingZurichandBadenwasborn.ThismadeZurich'stextileindustryandmachineryindustryincreasinglydeveloped,thuslayingthefoundationforthefinancialindustryandbecomingSwitzerlandThelargestfinancialcenter.

Administrativedivisions

Before1893,theboundariesandlocationsofZurichandtheOldTownwerealmostthesame.However,in1893and1934,thereweretwolarge-scaleexpansionsofthecity.Afterthat,Zurichgraduallymergedwithmanysurroundingcitiesanddevelopedincreasinglyvigorously,eventuallydevelopingintotwelvedistricts.

Thefirstdistrict,alsoknownastheAtstadtdistrict,islocatedontheeastsideoftheLimmatRiverandincludesthefourdistrictsoftheOldTown,Huxchurin,Russ,andLindenhof.

Theseconddistrict,alsoknownastheKreisdistrict,islocatedonthewestbankofLakeZurichandincludesthethreedistrictsofInge,HollisandRembach.

Thethirddistrict,alsoknownastheWidikondistrict,islocatedbetweenReinerandStrieberg,includingthethreedistrictsofAltwidaken,ScherflingerandFeiteisenberg.

Thefourthdistrict,alsoknownastheAussersihidistrict,islocatedbetweenSchechandHabertnerhof,includingthethreeareasofWald,LangsteinandHarder.

Thefifthdistrict,alsoknownastheIndustriequartierdistrict,islocatedbetweentheLimmatRiverandtheHabertnerhof,includingGwaboksandIskraville.

Thesixthdistrict,alsoknownastheWitilkondistrict,islocatedbetweenBurgandLindenhof,includingKreltavasandAnterstal.

Theseventhdistrict,alsoknownastheAdlisbergdistrict,islocatedbetweenStarnhillandBledems,andincludesthreeareas,Fleiten,HuntergenandHelland.

Theeighthdistrict,alsoknownastheRiesbachdistrict,islocatedontheeastbankofLakeZurichandincludesthethreedistrictsofSfred,MhrebatandVoenger.

Theninthdistrict,alsoknownastheTwiedkondistrict,islocatedbetweentheLimmatRiverandtheEntrex,includingthetwoareasofAlbisRidenandKreis.

Thetenthdistrict,alsoknownastheWippingendistrict,islocatedbetweenHogburgandKavreburg,includingthethreedistrictsofAffeltern,GretelkasenandSpokhe.

Theeleventhdistrict,alsoknownasSchwunkingendistrict,islocatedbetweenKrisbergandGotwah,includingthetwodistrictsofHuntersandKaferenter.

Thetwelfthdistrict,alsoknownastheHirzenbachdistrict,islocatedbetweenKristeandValere,andincludesthreedistricts:Satrien,MatusandHernbach.

Geographicalenvironment

Location

ZurichislocatedinthenorthoftheAlps,atthesouthwestendofLakeZurich,atthemouthoftheLimmatRiverandLakeZurich.Thecoordinatesofthecitycenterare:47°22'northlatitudeand8°32'eastlongitude.ThegeographiccenterofthecityistheLindenhof,asmallhillleaningonthewesternbankoftheLimmatRiver,tothenorthofLakeZurich.TheboundaryoftheoldtownistheSchanzengrabencanal,andtheboundaryofthenewtownisthesmalltownofBrugg.Theurbanareaof​​Zurichis91.9squarekilometers.Amongthem,4.1squarekilometersisoccupiedbyLakeZurich.

Zurich

Topography

Zurichhasanaverageelevationof556meters,andtheterrainisrelativelyflat,withmanyriversandlakes.Zurich’slowestgeographicalpointisOberengstringen,whichisapproximately392meters(1286feet)abovesealevel.TheLindenhofhillintheOldTownisthehighestpointinZurich,withanelevationofapproximately700meters(2300feet).

Climate

Zurichhasatemperatemaritimeclimatewithdistinctfourseasons.

TheannualaveragehightemperatureinZurichisabout24.0℃inJuly,andtheaveragelowtemperatureisabout14℃.ThehighestrecordedtemperatureinZurichwas37.7°C(July1947),andtheaveragetemperatureinthewarmestweatherintheareareached32.2°C.

ThehighesttemperatureinZurichinspringandsummergenerallydoesnotexceed25℃.Inautumnandwinter,theweatherismostlycloudyandrainy,andthetemperatureisrelativelylow.

Climaticconditionsthroughouttheyear

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Theaveragedailymaximumtemperature(℃)	2	4	8	13	17	20	23	22	19	13	7	3
DayAverageminimumtemperature(℃)	-3	-2	1	4	8	11	13	12	10	6	1	-2
Averagetotalprecipitation(mm)	67	70	69	87	103	124	117	133	92	69	82	73
Averageprecipitationdays(days)	11	10	11	12	12	12	11	12	8	8	10	10

Seasonalclimateconditions

Season	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
Dailymaximumtemperature(℃)	8	20	18	4
Dailyminimumtemperature(℃)	1	10	10	-1
Averagetotalprecipitation(mm)	75	115	98	74
Averageprecipitationdays(days)	11	12	9	10

Hydrology

LimmatItisamajorriverinZurich,whichdividesthecityintoanewcityandanoldcity.TheLimmatRiverleadsfromthenorthernendofLakeZurich,thenflowsthroughthecenterofZurich,thenflowsabout35kilometerstothenorthwest,andfinallyflowsintotheAareRiver.ThemouthoftheLimmatRiverislocatedtothenorthofthesmalltownofBrugg,notfarfromthemouthoftheReussRiver.

Naturalresources

Waterresources

Theareaof​​riversandlakesinZurichamountsto4.1squarekilometers,accountingfor4.8%ofthetotalareaof​​Zurich.Abundantwaterresources,withautilizationrateof95%.Zurich'sfreshwaterresourcesaccountforabout8%ofSwitzerland'stotal.

Plantresources

ThecitycenterofZurichisfullofwell-tendedgardensandlargeforestsaroundthem.Theseplantsarecalled"greenlungsofthecity."ThegreenlungsofthecityincludelargeforestareassuchasAdlisberg,Zürichberg,Käferberg,HönggerbergandUetliberg.About26.5%ofZurich'sareaiscoveredbygreenvegetationsuchasflowers,trees,andwoods.

AnimalResources

TherearemanywildanimalsinZurich,mainlydeer,wildboar,argali,fox,badger,hareandbeaver.

MineralResources

ThemineralresourcesinZuricharerelativelyscarce,withonlyasmallamountofsaltmines,coalmines,ironoreandmanganeseore.

PopulationNationality

ThepopulationofZurichcityis420,200(2019).

AmongtheregisteredresidentsofZurich,about32%ofthecity’spopulationdoesnotholdSwisscitizenship.GermansarethemostpopulousethnicgroupinZurich,accountingforabout8.1%ofthecity’spopulation,ItaliansarethesecondmostpopulousethnicgroupinZurich,accountingforabout3.5%ofthecity’spopulation,andPortuguesearethethirdmostpopulousinZurichEthnicity,accountingforabout2.0%ofthecity’spopulation,followedbySpanish,accountingforabout1.5%;Austrian,accountingforabout1.2%;French,accountingforabout1.0%;Serbs,accountingforabout0.9%;British,Accountingforabout0.8%;Turks,accountingforabout0.8%,andfinallyKosovars,theleastpopulousethnicgroup,accountingforabout0.6%.

Nationality

Germany

Italy

Portugal

Spain

Austria

France

Serbia

UnitedKingdom

Turkey

Kosovo

Quantity

33548

14543

8274

6207

4809

4244

3597

3483

3402

2437

Proportion

8.1%

3.5%

2.0%

1.5%

1.2%

1.0%

0.9%

0.8%

0.8%

0.6%

ThedistributionofethnicgroupsinZurich(2016)

Accordingtothe2016surveyreport,about8.8%ofZurich’spopulationEnglishisspoken,7.1%ofthepopulationspeaksItalian,about4.5%ofthepopulationspeaksFrench,about3.9%ofthepopulationspeaksSpanish,about3.1%ofthepopulationspeaksPortuguese,andabout2.3%ofthepopulationspeaksAlbanian.(Inaddition,about20%ofthepopulationspeakstwoormorelanguages).

Politics

Zurichlandscape(2photos)

TheZurichcitycouncilconstitutestheexecutivegovernmentofthecityofZurichandservesasanacademyadministrationOperation.TheZurichCityCouncilconsistsofninemembers,eachofwhompresidesoveradepartment.ThemaintaskoftheCityCouncilistoimplementdepartmentalplansandcoordinatedepartmentalmeasures.

Theelectionrulesforthemunicipalcouncilarethatanyresidentlegallyvotedandelectedeveryfouryears.Themayoriselectedbyapublicelectionoftheassembly,whiletheheadsofotherdepartmentsareappointedbymembersofthecouncil.AnyZurichresidentwhopassestheelectioncanbeelectedtothecitycouncil.

Theexecutiveorgansmeetinthetownhall,whichisontheleftbankoftheLimmatRiver.

TheZurichParliamentiscomposedofninepoliticalparties,twodemocraticparties,twofreeparties,onegreenparty,onesocialparty,oneChristianparty,oneleftistpartyandoneleftistparty.

CityCouncillor

Department

Electiontime

ZurichCityCouncil

Kolin	Management	2009
Daniel	Finance	2010
Wolf	Policy	2013
Claudia	Health	2010
Inzaghi	Environment	2014
Andre	Project	2010
Anders	Industry	2002
Cindy	Education	2006
Raphael	Social	2014

TheZurichCityCouncilhaslegislativepower.Itconsistsof125members,andelectionsareheldeveryfouryears.Themunicipalcouncil'sordinancesandbylawsareimplementedbythemunicipalgovernment.ThemeetingsoftheUrbanCouncilaregenerallyheldinpublic.ResidentsofZurichwhopasstheelectioncanbeelectedasmembersofthecitycouncil.

Economy

Overview

Zurich'seconomyisdominatedbythetertiaryindustry,andthefinancialindustryisverydeveloped,especiallythebankingindustry.Inaddition,industryandmanufacturingarealsoimportantpillarsofZurich'seconomy.

Primaryindustry

ThemaincropsexportedbyZuricharewheat,oats,potatoesandsugarbeets.

Secondaryindustry

IndustryisthemainstayofZurich'seconomy.Themainsectorsofindustryincludeclocksandwatches,machinery,chemistryandfood.Inaddition,themachinerymanufacturingindustryalsooccupiesadominantpositioninZurich'seconomy.Themainsectorsofthemachinerymanufacturingindustryare:textilemachinery,powergenerationequipment,machinetools,precisioninstruments,meters,transportationmachinery,agriculturalmachinery,chemicalmachinery,foodmachineryandprintingmachineryWait.

Thetertiaryindustry

Thefinancialindustry,bankingindustryandinsuranceindustryarealsoimportantsourcesofincomeforZurich.Thankstoasoundbankingsystemandadvancedassetmanagementlevel,ithasbecometheworld'soffshorefinancialcenterandaleaderininternationalassetmanagementbusiness.

Socialbusiness

Religion

Religion

ReligionstatisticsofZurichcitizens

RomanCatholic	Christian	Islam	Judaism	Otherreligions	Noreligiousbeliefs
Nationality	Switzerland	Other	Switzerland	Other	Switzerland	Other	Switzerland	Other	Switzerland	Other	Switzerland	Other
Proportion	28%	35%	6%	9%	3%	9%	1%	1%	21%	44%	2%	2%
overallratio	30%	7%	5%	1%	55%	2%

Accordingtoa2016surveyreport,RomanCatholicismisthereligionwiththelargestnumberofpeopleinZurich,accountingforabout30%oftheZurichpopulation,andabout2%ofZurichpeoplehavenoreligiousbeliefs.

Education

UniversityofZurich

TheUniversityofZurichisastateuniversityinSwitzerland,locatedinZurich,theGerman-speakingpartofSwitzerland.Foundedin1833,theschoolcurrentlyhas425professorsandmorethan24,000studentsdistributedin7collegesandmorethanonehundredandfortyresearchinstitutes.ItisthelargestcomprehensiveuniversityinSwitzerland.

TheUniversityofZurichenjoysaworldwidereputationinthefieldsofmolecularbiology,neuroscience,anthropology,andhasproduced12NobelPrizewinnersincludingEinstein,Roentgen,andSinknagy.TheUniversityofZurichisthelargestcomprehensiveuniversityinSwitzerland,ranked73rdinthelatestQSWorldUniversityRankingsin2017.Atthebeginningofthe21stcentury,theUniversityofZurichhasbecomeaneducationandresearchcenterwithaninternationalreputation.Inthefieldsofmolecularbiology,brainresearchandanthropology,theUniversityofZurichhaspioneeringresearchcapabilities.Itsuniversityhospitalsandveterinaryhospitalsalsohaveexcellentfacilitiesandtechnology.

TheETHZurich

TheETHZurich,alsoknownastheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,alsotranslatedintoChineseastheETHZurich,istheSwissFederalGovernmentFortheneedsofthecountry'sindustrialization,thefirstfederaluniversitywasestablishedin1855.Whentheuniversitywasfirstbuilt,therewereonlydisciplinessuchasindustrialandcivilconstruction,forestscience,mechanicalengineering,andchemistry.Later,disciplinessuchashumanities,society,andpoliticalsciencewereadded.In2017,thelatestQSWorldUniversityRankingsranked10th.

Facilities

Zurich’szoohasabout260speciesofanimals,includingsnowleopards,Indianlions,cloudedleopards,Heilongjiangleopards,ottersandpandas.TheZurichcitygovernmentownsthezoo.

ThebotanicalgardeninZurichhasapproximately15,000speciesofplants,includingmanyrareplantspecies,suchastreesfromsouthwesternAfricaandNewCaledonia.TheUniversityofZurichhasownershipoftheBotanicalGarden.

Sports

TheZurichFootballClubwasestablishedonAugust1,1896.ThestadiumislocatedintheMagicTrackStadium.ZurichFootballClubhaswontheSwissLeagueChampionship(9times),theSwissCupChampionship(6times)andtheSwissLeagueCup(1time).

Leisure

Zurichhasmanyentertainmentactivitieseveryday,andcountlessnewscanbefoundintheFridaysupplementsofmajornewspapersandthe"ZurichNews".

ThenightlifeofZurichresidentsismostlyspentinNiederdorf,wheretherearebars,restaurants,cinemas,jazzbars,casinosandotherleisurevenues,andsomerestaurantsandbarsholdsinginganddancingperformances.

Fashion

ZurichFashionMuseum(2photos)

SincetheMiddleAges,ZurichhasbeenthecenterofthesilkindustrynorthoftheAlps.Fromthe13thtothe15thcentury,ZurichwasfamousforitssilkinEurope.Afterthe16thcentury,ZurichbecamethecorecityoftheEuropeanfashionindustry.

Zurich'sFashionMuseumislocatedontheeastsideofMythenquaiPierontheshoreofLakeZurich.Itcoversanareaof​​morethan20acresandconsistsofa5-storyredmainbuildingandtwoauxiliarybuildings.ThemuseumhousesZurich'stextilerawmaterials,weavingmachineryandtools,andclothingaccessoriesfromthepalacesandfolksofthepastdynastiesformorethantwothousandyears,whichfullyreflectsthegermination,developmentandchangesofZurich'stextileandfashionindustry.Atthesametime,themuseumalsosetupaZurichdownjacket,leatherandfurthemeexhibitionareatoshowvisitorsTuricum'sadvancedrawmaterialsandinnovativetechnologyconcepts.ThehugeaviationmodelingandMartianconceptfashionattractedmanyaudiencestostop.

Transportation

Aviation

Atthebeginningofthe21stcentury,ChinaonlyhadBeijingandShanghai(departedfromShanghaiat9:15inthemorningandarrivedat15:40inSwisstime),HongKong(departsat0:05HongKongtime,arrivesat6:10Swisstime)dailydirectflightstoZurich,othercitiescantakeflightsfromtheNetherlands,Germany,Finland,Franceandothercountries,andarriveinZurichthroughconnectingflightsintheabove-mentionedcountries.Thetotallengthofthetwoflightsisabout8hours,excludingtransittime.

ZurichKlotenInternationalAirportis11kilometersawayfromthecitycenter.ThereareflightseveryhouroreveryfewhoursconnectingZurichwithmajorcitiesinSwitzerlandorimportantEuropeancities.Itonlytakes13minutestotakeadirecttrainfromtheairportrailwaystationtothecitycentrerailwaystation,usuallyeverytenminutes,andthefareis6.6Swissfrancs.

ZurichAirTrafficControlCenter-SkyNavigationControlCenter,oneofthemostfamousairtrafficcontrolcentersintheworld.Sinceitwasputintouse,therehavebeennomajoraccidentsuntiltheUberlingenaircrashonJuly1,2002,where71peoplewerekilled.OnFebruary24,2004,theSkyNavigationControlCenterlostaflightcontroller,PeteNielsen,whoguidedthecollisionoftwoplanesintheUpplingencrash.TheinvestigationresultsofthisaccidentdidnotcomeoutuntilMay2004.

ZurichInternationalAirportisoneofthelargestairportsinEurope.ItislocatedinthenortheasternpartofZurichcity,nearthesmalltownofKloten.ItisthelargestinthewholeofSwitzerlandTheairportisalsothebusiestairportinSwitzerland.Theairporthasmanyroutesconnectingfivecontinents.TheairportisdividedintoZoneAandZoneB.SwissAirlines,aswellasAustralianAirlines,SingaporeAirlines,andDeltaAirlinesthatcooperatewithSwissAirlinesandDeltaAirlinesareinZoneA;otherairlinesareinZoneB.

Railway

ThetrainsfromZurichCentralStationaredividedintointernationalexpressandintercityexpress.

Internationalexpresstrainsinclude:

ZurichtoStuttgart,Germany,thereisadepartureevery2hours,thejourneytakesabout3hours,61Swissfrancs;

ZurichtoMunich,Germany,threedeparturesaday,7:16,9:16and13:16respectively,thewholejourneyis4hoursand15minutes,86Swissfrancs;

ZurichtoAustriaInnsbruck,fiveflightsaday,respectively9:40,13:40,17:40,21:40and22:40departures,thewholejourneyis3hoursand45minutes,66Swissfrancs;

ZurichtoMilan,Italy,runsevery2hours,thewholejourneyis4.5hours,72Swissfrancs.

Intercityexpresstrainsinclude:

ZurichtoLucerne,everyhour,50minutes,22Swissfrancs;

ZurichtoBern,everyhour,70minutes,48​​Swissfrancs;

ZurichtoBasel,everyhour,65minutes,32Swissfrancs.

Highway

TheZurichlong-distancebusstationisjustbehindthemaintrainstation,andtherearemanybusestoothercountries.Inaddition,therearemanytaxisavailableindowntownZurich,mostofwhichstartat6Swissfrancs,andthencost3.2Swissfrancsperkilometer.

Historyandculture

Characteristicbuildings

ForthelocalbuildingsinZurich,thelocalgovernmentadoptsadualapproachofprotectionanddevelopment.TherearemanyexamplesofcombiningnewandoldbuildingsinSwitzerland,suchastheBellinzonaCastlebuiltintheMiddleAges.Inthe1980s,therenovationwaspresidedoverbytheSwissarchitectAurelioGalfetti,combiningclassicandmodern.InSwitzerland,theworkofmaintainingandprotectingancientbuildingsisverysuccessful,andthelocalsareveryconcernedabouthowtohandletheharmoniousrelationshipbetweentraditionandmodernity.

Zurichorganicallycombinesancientcultureandmodernart.Therearemanypre-20thcenturybuildings,modernbars,clubsandmodernshops.

Localcustoms

April:ZurichWinterFestival

TheLiumingFestivalistheSpringFestivalofZurichpeople,usuallyeveryyearOnthethirdMondayinApril,theguildsorganizeatraditionalcostumeparade.Afterthat,afirewoodpilemorethantenmetershighislitinBellevueSquare.Onthefirewoodisasnowmanwithexplosiveshiddeninitshead.Peoplecalculatethetimefromwhenthepyreislittothesnowman’sheadexplodingtoannouncetheendofwinterandpredictwhethertherewillbeagoodsummernextyear.

August:SwissWomen’sTennisOpen

TheWomen’sTennisOpenkicksoffinAugustinSwitzerlandandisoneofthefourmajortennistournaments.UsuallyheldinthesportsparkintheZurichcity,itisthefirsteventheldinSwitzerlandeveryyear.TheSwissWomen'sTennisOpenwasfoundedin1905andhasahistoryofmorethan100years.Sinceitsinceptionin1905,theannualcompetitionhasbeenplayedontheoutdoorhardcourtintheZurichCitySportsPark.

September:YouthShootingFestival

TheoldestfestivalinZurichistheYouthShootingFestival,whichisonthesecondweekendofSeptemberandthefollowingMonday.Itisashootingcompetitionforboysandgirlsaged12to16,andtherearesomelargeplaygroundsandstallssellingsnacksaroundtheshootingrange.

November:WineFestival

Thewinterwinefestivalisheldontheboat,andyoucantastethewinefromallovertheworld.Forwine,youcanalsoboardthefourhugeseminarcruiseshipsmooredattheZürichTrestle,tasteandbuymorethan800kindsofmaltwhiskyandawiderangeofcigars.

December:Christmas

Since1971,Sternenhimmelhasdecorated20,640lampsonBahnhofstrasseXiaoDeng,in2005,thisfamouscommercialstreetstartedtousemodernlightingsystemtowelcometheChristmasrace.TheChristmasRaceinZurichisalarge-scaleoutdoorsport.Therewillbeabout16,000participants(participantsarebothamateurandworld-classathletes)completingthe0.869-8.086-milerace.FloatinglanternsarealsoatraditionalChristmascustom,whenmorethan800floatingcandleswillbereleasedontheLimmatRiver.

Specialdelicacies

Thelocalsarefamousfortheirloveofsweets,sotherearemanyvarietiesofsweets.ThemostfamouslocaldessertistraditionalSwisscheese.

Otherspecialtiesincludeinstantchicken,cashewjuice,vegetablepie,hotandcoldsalad,yogurt,chocolatecandiesandpastries.

TouristResources

FamousAttractions

GrossCathedral(GrossmunsterChurch)ThechurchwasbuiltduringtheCarolingiandynasty,andithasbecomeasymbolofZurichwithitsuniquetwintowers.At6o'clockintheeveningoftheSix-SingingFestival,thebelloftheGrosseCathedralwillring.Thefirstringingofthebellbecameasigntoannouncethearrivalofspring.Theoldestpartofthecathedralisthechurchcrypt,whichwasbuiltfromtheendofthe1stcenturytothebeginningofthe12thcentury.TherestwasbuiltduringtheRomanCrusades.Thestatuesinsidearefromthe12thcentury.ThecathedralisalsopartoftheTheologicalSeminaryoftheUniversityofZurich.The16th-centuryreligiousreformerZrivendeliveredrelevantspeecheshere,advocatingnotforgettingprayerremarksatwork.

TheChurchofOurLady(Fraumünster)islocatedinthesouthernpartofthehill.Datingbackto853,itwasoriginallyaconventandwasconvertedintoachurchinthe13thcentury.ThechurchadoptsRomanesquearchitecture.Thestainedglassandfrescoesofthechurcharemadebyfamousartists,soitisveryfamous.

St.Peter’sCathedral(StPeterskircheChurch)St.Peter’sCathedralistheoldestchurchinZurich.Thechurchtowerandbelltowerwasbuiltin1534ThereisthelargestchurchclockdialinEurope.Thediameterofthedialis8.7meters,thehourhandis3meterslong,andtheminutehandis4meterslong.Thischurchtowerisusedtomonitorthefire.Itissaidthatonceafireoccurs,someonewillputaflaginthedirectionofthefiretotellpeoplewheretoputthefireout.

Bahnhofstrasse(BahnhofstrasseSt)ZurichBankisconcentratedonBahnhofstrasseSt.Itisopen24hoursadayandonlyrecognizeskeysbutnotpeopleAnonymousstorageboxes,aminimumleaseperiodof50years,aspaciousandgrandcustomerreceptionroom,akeyandpasswordcollectionmethod,andtheexclusivechannelforVIPsthatcansavelivesareallimportantfeaturesofZurichbanks,andkeepingcustomers’identitiesconfidentialItisthemostprominentofthem,butitalsocausedalotoftroublefortheZurichBank.Forexample,itwasoftenquestionedaboutsavingmoneyandlaunderingmoneyfortheNazisduringWorldWarII.This1.4-kilometer-longstreetencompassesthetwodazzlingconsumerparadiseofGlobusandYilmoli.Theshopsonbothsidesdisplayluxuriousgoods,antiquetreasures,preciousfurs,watches,jewelryandFrenchperfumes.Itisaholyplaceforthepursuitofworld-famousbrands.DesignandfashionbrandssuchasAigner,Bally,Burberrys,Chanel,Ferragamo,Gucci,Hermes,LouisVuittonandPrada,etc.,alldecoratethewindowswithmoreflavor.Otherfamousbrandwatches,jewelrydesign,fashiondesignandantiqueidentificationcompaniesarealsolocatedonbothsidesoftheavenue,suchasBeyer,Bucheron,Bvlgari,Cartier,Gubelin,LesAmbassadeursMeisterandTurier.

Women’sCathedral(FraumünsterChurch)The13th-centurytower-styleWomen’sCathedralusedtobetheZurichnoblewomen’snursinghomechurch.Itwasbuiltin853DonatedbyKingLudiweisiofGermany.Themorefamousviewistheglasswindowonthealtar,whichistheworkofMarcChagallin1970,whichisworld-famous.

SwissNationalMuseum(SwissNationalMuseum)TheSwissNationalMuseumhasmanyfamousmurals,suchastheyoungartistHeDeThehugemuralpaintedbyLehasbecomefamousallovertheworld.Therearemorethan100differentshowroomsintheSwissNationalMuseum,whichcontainearlyarcheologicaldiscoveries,Romanrelics,paganculturalcrafts,shieldemblems,etc.Theshowroomsandhallsaredecoratedas15thto18thcenturystyle.TheSwissNationalMuseumisthelargestmuseuminthecountry.

St.Moritz(StMoritz)St.MoritzisasmallcitynearZurich.IthashostedtwoWinterOlympics,whichisworthyofthenameSkiparadise.St.Moritzhasdevelopedwintersportsformorethan100years,amongwhichfamoussportsincludehorseracing,poloandhorse-drawnsleighsonfrozenlakes.

ChinaGarden(ChineseGarden)TheChineseGardenwasofficiallyopenedin1994.ItisagiftfromKunming,thesistercityofZurich,andiscopiedbytheKunmingMunicipalGovernment.Thelayoutdesignof'CuihuPark'isthelargestChinese-stylegardenoverseas.Sofar,ZurichhasonlymaintainedtheonlysistercityrelationshipwithKunming,China.

AugustineLane(AugustineLane)AugustineLaneisaromanticalleyintheoldtownofZurich.ItisclosetoRailwayStationStreetandtherearemanypeachbuildings.

Niederdorf(Niederdorfstrasse)NiederdorfisapedestrianstreetpavedwithcobblestonesandisthemostfamousintheOldTownofZurichastreet.Numerousboutiquesarehiddenincrisscrossnarrowstreets.Theoldstreethasalonghistory,andmanyoldhousesaredarkallyearround,butmanyolderresidentshavebeenreluctanttomoveoutoftheoldcity,andmanyfashionableyoungpeopleliketolivehere.

Shoppingguide

Zurich’smainshoppingdistrictsareconcentratedinthecitycenter.Themorefamousshoppingstreetsare:Bahnhofstrasse,ShizhuhuaStreetandAugustineLaneintheOldTown.

OnBahnhofstrasse,therearetwomainshoppingvenues,GrobusandYilmoli.TheshopsonbothsidesofBahnhofstrassedisplayluxuriousgoods,antiquetreasures,preciousfurs,watches,jewelleryandFrenchperfumesandotherluxurygoods.

ShizhuhuaStreethasmanytopfashionstoressuchasArmani,CalvinKleinandVersace.Swissnativecraftsouvenirs,suchasembroidery,laceornaments,handkerchiefs,etc.,canbefoundinmanyboutiquesinStechengler.

Thestreetsoftheoldcityarefullofboutiquefashionshops,bars,coffeeshopsandantiqueshops.LimmatRiverStreetalsohasmanyfamousboutiquefashionshopsandrestaurants.

Famouspeople

AlbertEinstein(English:Albert.Einstein,1879-1955),borninWürttemberg,GermanyKingdomofUlm,Jewishphysicist,graduatedfromtheUniversityofZurich.

Einsteinwasbornin1879inaJewishfamily(bothJewishparents)inUlm,Germany.HegraduatedfromtheETHZurichin1900andbecameaSwisscitizen.In1905,hereceivedadoctorateinphilosophyfromtheUniversityofZurich.Einsteinputforwardthephotonhypothesisandsuccessfullyexplainedthephotoelectriceffect.Therefore,hewontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921andfoundedthespecialtheoryofrelativityin1905.In1915,hefoundedthegeneraltheoryofrelativity.

Einsteinlaidthetheoreticalfoundationforthedevelopmentofnuclearenergyandcreatedaneweraofmodernscienceandtechnology.HeisrecognizedasthegreatestphysicistsinceGalileoandNewton.OnDecember26,1999,Einsteinwasselectedasthe"GreatManoftheCentury"byTimeMagazine.

JamesJoyce(English:JamesJoyce,1882-1941),Irishwriterandpoet,borninDublin,Ireland,isoneofthegreatestwritersofthe20thcenturyOne,oneofthefoundersofpostmodernliterature,hisworksandtheideaof​​"streamofconsciousness"haveahugeimpactontheworldliteraryworld.

JoycehassettledinParissince1920.Duringhiswholelife,hewaswanderingaroundEurope,relyingonteachingEnglishandwritingtomakeendsmeet,sufferingfromeyediseasesinhislateryearsandalmostblind.Hisworksarecomplexinstructure,peculiarinlanguage,andextremelyoriginal.

Joyce’smainworkisacollectionofshortstories,"Dubliners"(1914),depictingthedailylifeofthelowerclasscitizens,showingthatthesocialenvironmentdestroyspeople'sidealsandhopes.Theautobiographicalnovel"Self-PortraitofaYoungArtist"(1916)usesalargenumberofinnermonologuestodescribethecharacter'spsychologyandtheworldaroundit.Therepresentativenovel"Ulysses"(1922)showsthelonelinessandpessimismofpeopleinmodernsociety.Thelaternovel"Finnigan'sNightWatch"(1939)usesdreamstoexpresstheultimatethinkingabouttheexistenceanddestinyofhumanbeings,andthelanguageisextremelyobscure.

Lenin(Russian:Ле́нин,1870-1924),formerlyknownasVladimirIlyichUlyanov(Russian:Влади́мирИльи́чУлья́нов),bornInSimbirskontheVolgaRiverinTsaristRussia,hewasafamousMarxist,proletarianrevolutionary,politician,theorist,andthinker.HeisthemainfounderoftheRussianSovietFederalSocialistRepublic(theworld’sfirstsocialistcountry)andtheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics,thefounderoftheBolshevikParty,themainleaderoftheOctoberRevolution,andthechairmanofthePeople’sCommitteeoftheSovietUnion(theSovietPrimeMinister)).

Leninishispseudonymafterhejoinedthecommunistmovement.HeinheritedMarxismandcombinedwiththeRussianRevolutiontoformLeninism.Itisgenerallyrecognizedbycommunistsallovertheworldas"theinternationalproletarianrevolution."Greatmentorandspiritualleader",andheisalsooneofthemostinfluentialandcontroversialfiguresinthe20thcentury.

RichardWagner(English:WilhelmRichardWagner,1813-1883),fullnameWilhelmRichardWagner,alsoknownasWagnerNa,borninLeipzig,KingdomofSaxony,isaGermancomposerandaworld-famousmasterofromanticmusic.

WagnerisapivotalmasterinthehistoryofGermanopera.Inthefront,Mozart'soperatraditionwasinherited,andthetrendinpost-romanticoperacompositionwasopenedintheback,followedbyRichardStrauss.Atthesametime,becauseofthecomplexityofhispoliticalandreligiousthinking,hehasbecomeoneofthemostcontroversialfiguresinthehistoryofEuropeanmusic.

WilliamConradRoentgen(German:WilhelmRöntgen,1845-1923),borninLennep,Rhine,Germany,Germanphysicist,graduatedAttheETHZurich.

RoentgendiscoveredX-raysonNovember8,1895,whichpavedthewayforthecreationofmedicalimagingtechnology.In1901,hewasawardedthefirstNobelPrizeinPhysics.Thisdiscoverynotonlyhadamajorimpactonmedicaldiagnosis,butalsodirectlyaffectedmanymajorscientificdiscoveriesinthe20thcentury.Forexample,AnthonyHenryBecquerelwontheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1903withtheCuriesfordiscoveringnaturalradioactivity.Today,tocommemoratetheachievementsofRoentgen,X-raysarecalledRoentgenraysinmanycountries,andthechemicalelementNo.111,Rg,isalsonamedafterRoentgen.

RolfZinkernagel(English:RolfM.Zinkernagel,1944—),borninRien,Basel-Stadt,Switzerland,Swissbiologist,graduatedAttheUniversityofBasel.

SincnajiistherecipientoftheAustralianMedalandatenuredprofessorofexperimentalimmunologyattheUniversityofZurich.HeandAustralianscholarPeterDuhertywonthe1996NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinefordiscoveringhowtheimmunesystemrecognizesvirus-infectedcells.

CityHonors

Inthe2009GlobalUrbanLifeQualitySurvey,ZurichwasratedasthecitywiththehighestoveralllifeindicatorsintheworldbyUN-Habitat.

InNovember2018,theworldcityrankingswerereleased,andZurichenteredtheranksoftheworld'sfirst-tiercities.

OnDecember26,2019,itranked16thonthelistofthetop500globalcitiesin2019.