Featuresofthevibratinggyroscope
Themainbodyofthevibratinggyroscopeisahigh-frequencyvibrationcomponent.Comparedwiththerigidbodyrotorgyroscope,itdoesnothaveahigh-speedrotatingrotorandcorrespondingsupportingsystem,soithastheadvantagesofstableperformance,simplestructure,highreliability,largecarryingcapacity,smallsize,lightweightandlowcost.
Typesofvibrationgyroscopes
Tuningforkvibrationgyroscope
Tuningforkvibrationgyroscopeisalsocalledtuningforkresonancegyroscope.ItusestheCorioliseffectwhenthevibrationmassattheendofthetuningforkisrotatedbythebasetosensetheangularvelocity.Fromafunctionalpointofview,itisasingle-axisrategyroscope.
Thetwoarmsofthetuningforkmakealternatingreciprocatingbendingmotionsoppositetoeachotherundertheexcitationoftheexcitationdevice,andthemassesofthetwoendsofthetuningforkmakealternatinglinearmotionsofoppositeandoppositereciprocatingmotions.Theexcitationdeviceensuresthatthetuningforkperformsaconstantamplitudeoscillationmotion,theamplitudeofthetwo-armoscillationisequal,butthephaseisexactlyopposite.
TheCorioliseffectofthetuningforkvibratinggyroscopecanbeillustratedbythefollowingfigure.Duetothemutualinfluenceofrelativemotionandimplicatedmotion,thetwoparticlesattheendofthetuningforkhaveCoriolisaccelerationandaresubjecttoCoriolisinertialforce.Theroleof.Whenthemasspointsattheendofthetuningforkmovetowardseachother,theCoriolisaccelerationis,theCoriolisinertialforceis,andthedirectionisshowninthefigure.
TheCoriolisinertialforcevectorofthetwomasspointsisonthexozplane,whichformsatorqueonthecenteraxisofthetuningfork,thatis,theCoriolismomentofinertia,whosemagnitudeis
wheresistheverticaldistancebetweenthemasspointsatbothendsofthetuningforkandthey-axis,andthedirectionisshowninFigure1.
Ifthemasspointsatbothendsofthetuningforkmoveoppositetoeachother,therelativevelocity,Coriolisvelocity,Coriolisacceleration,CoriolisinertiaforceandCoriolismomentofinertiaarealloppositetothedirectionsinthefigure.
Inadditiontotheabove-mentionedphenomenonatthetwomasspointsattheendofthetuningfork,theabove-mentionedCorioliseffectoccursatallthesymmetricalmasspointsonthetwoarmsofthetuningfork.Therefore,theCoriolismomentofinertiaoftheentiretuningforkshouldbeobtainedbyintegration.Theangularvelocityinformationcanbededucedfromtheresultoftheintegraloutput.
Shellvibratinggyroscope
Theshellvibratinggyroscopeusesthevibrationmassoftheaxisymmetricshellundertheactionofangularvelocity.Corioliseffectandwork.Inthisgyroscope,theresultoftheCorioliseffectisthedeflectionofthevibrationwaveformrelativetothebase.
Thecorepartoftheshellvibratinggyroscopeistheresonantshellorresonator,whichusesthedeflectionoftheresonanceshaperelativetothebasetomeasuretherotationofthebaserelativetotheinertialspace.Thedeflectiondirectionofthemodeshapeisoppositetotherotationdirectionofthebase,andthedeflectionangleofthemodeshapeisproportionaltotherotationangleofthebase,thatis,
thatis
whereistheangularvelocityofthebaserotation.
ThedeflectionoftheresonanceshapeisobtainedbyCoriolisaccelerationandCoriolisinertialforce,thatis,thecorrespondingdeflectionangleoftheresonanceshapeisobtainedbytheCorioliseffectundertheactionoftheangularvelocityoftheresonance.Inthisway,theangularvelocityinformationcanbededucedfromtheoutputinformationofthehousingvibratinggyroscope.
Micromachinedvibratinggyroscope
Themicromachinedvibratinggyroscopeisasolid-stateangularvelocitysensor,whichisdesignedtomeasurecoriolisforcewithapiezoelectriccupstructure.Itensuresthattheoutputofthegyroscopeisproportionaltotheangularvelocity.Precisionvoltagesignal.Thegeneralmeasurementrangeis0-1500°/s,andtheoutputvoltageofunipolarorbipolarisavailableforselection.
Therelationshipbetweenthevibratinggyroscopeandthefly
Althoughtheflyissmall,itsflyingabilityisquitesuperb.Itcanriseandfallvertically,flyquickly,andhangintheair.
Its"aerobatics"cannotbedonebyanyaircraft,whichhastobe"admired".Aflyhas4wings.Behindthewingsinfrontofit,thereisalsoapairofsmalldumbbell-likerods.Thispairofsmallrodsiscalledawing,orabalancerod.Itnotonlyenablesfliestotakeoffdirectly,butalsoanavigationorganthatkeepsfliesoncourse.
Whenaflyisflying,itswingsvibratecontinuouslyatafrequencyof330timespersecond.Whenthefly'sbodytilts,pitches,ordeviatesfromthecourse,thechangeinthevibrationfrequencyofthewingisfeltbythereceptorsatitsbase.Afterthefly’s“brain”analyzesthesignalofthisdeviation,itsendscorrectiveinstructionstothemuscletissueoftherelevantpart,andcorrectsthepostureandheadingofthebody.
Accordingtothenavigationprincipleofthefly'swings,scientistshavesuccessfullydevelopedanewtypeofvibratorygyroscope.Itsmainpartislikeatuningfork,whichisfixedtothebasebyacentercolumn.Theelectromagnetsinstalledaroundthetwoarmsofthetuningforkmakethetuningforkvibratewithafixedamplitudeandfrequency,justlikethevibrationofafly'swings.
Whentheplane,shiporrocketdeviatesfromthecorrectcourse,thetuningforkbaseandthecentercolumnwillrotate,andtheelasticrodonthecentercolumnwillconvertthisvibrationintoacertainelectricalsignalandtransmitittothesteeringRudder,sothattheheadingcanbecorrected.
Becausethisvibratinggyroscopedoesnothaveahigh-speedrotatingrotor,itissmallinsizeandcanbeinstalledinateacup,butitsaccuracyisequivalenttoanordinarygyroscopethatis5timeslargerthanit.