Wordexplanation
Basicexplanation
◎Toneyīnsè
[tonecolour;timbre]alsoknownastone品
Englishtranslation
tonecolour;timbre;belchtimbre;tone
Detailedexplanation
Tonecoloristheattributeofsound(namelyloudness,Pitch,timbre),mainlydeterminedbyitsovertone.Thedifferencebetweeneachperson'svoiceandthesoundproducedbyvariousmusicalinstrumentsiscausedbythedifferenceintimbre.
Thejuniorhighschoolphysicstextbookstipulatesthatthequalityofsoundiscalledtimbre,alsocalledtimbre,whichreflectsthesoundmadebyeachobjectUniquequality.
Toneintroduction
Timbremeansthatdifferentsoundsalwayshavedifferentcharacteristicsintermsofwaveform,anddifferentobjectvibrationshavedifferentcharacteristics.
Differentsound-producingbodieshavedifferenttimbresduetotheirdifferentmaterialsandstructures.Forexample,piano,violinandpeoplemakedifferentsounds,andeveryonemakesdifferentsounds.Toneisthecharacteristicofsound,anditisalwaysdifferentliketheappearanceofpeopleallovertheworld.Accordingtodifferenttimbres,eveninthecaseofthesamepitchandthesamesoundintensity,wecandistinguishthattheyaremadebydifferentinstrumentsorpeople.Justliketheever-changingcolorpalette,the"timbre"willalsobeever-changingandeasytounderstand.
Thetimbreisalsocalledtimbre.Whyisthetonedifferent?Itisbecausedifferentvibrationscanalwaysbecombinedintodifferentsounds.Everymusicalinstrument,thevocalcordsofdifferentpeople,andallotherobjectsthatcanvibratecanemitdifferentsoundswiththeirowncharacteristics.Thesesoundscanalsohaveinstrumentsthatdisplaywaveforms.Inadditiontoa'fundamentalsound',thesoundalsonaturallyaddsmanydifferent'frequency'(thenumberoftimesthevibratingobjectvibratesin1second)andtheovertone'intertwining',whichdeterminesthedifferenttimbre,sothatpeoplecandistinguishitafterlistening.It'sadifferentvoice.It'slikedistinguishingbetweendifferent‘identitycards’.Forexample,ifyouhearaperson’sspeechorsinging,youcantellwhichpersonitis?Everyoneintheworldhasadifferenttoneeveniftheypronouncethesameword‘huh’.
Soundisproducedbythevibrationofthesound-producingobject.Whentheobjectvibrates,itwillemitafundamentalsound.Atthesametime,eachpartofitalsohascompoundvibration,andthesoundproducedbythevibrationofeachpartiscombinedintoanovertone.Allthedifferentovertoneshaveashorterwavelengththanthefundamentaltone,andtheirintensityisquiteweak,soitcan'tcoverthestrongerfundamentaltone,andthemusiciancanadjustthepitchoftheinstrument.
(Payspecialattentiontothesoundcolorisnotthesoundquality.Thegeneralmeaningof"soundquality"iswhetherthesoundqualityisgoodornot.Forexample,aperson’svoicechangesaftercatchingacold,especiallywhensingingisunpleasant.Itiscalled“soundquality”It’sbad,butyoucan’tsaythataseriesof'8’isthebest.It’sjustamatterofgoodpsychologicalfeeling.Thekeyliesinthegoodengine.
Wecan’tsaythatthepianosoundsthebest,becauseThereisnodifferencebetweengoodandbad'timbre'.Justlikeacarnumber,itcanbedistinguished.Itcannotexplainthatthe"tonequality"isgoodorbad.Thesoundofasecond-handviolinoftenyuanandaviolinmadeoftensofthousandsofhigh-gradematerialsplaythesametone.Thelatterismuchmorepleasant,called"goodsoundquality.Generallyspeaking,thesoundqualityofthesoundwithoutcornersisrelativelygood.IfyouThesoundqualityhasdeteriorated,andthepeoplecommentedas“soundqualityisdegraded”(artistscallit“poorsoundquality”).Singer’ssoundqualityisoftenbeautiful,becauseanysmoothsoundisgood.)
Intechnology,soundcontainsthreeaspects:1/soundamplitude,thatis,theintensityoramplitudeoftheaudio;2/soundfrequency,thatis,thefrequencyoftheaudioorthenumberofchangespersecond;3/soundtimbre,thatis,theovertoneTodecide.
Soundisproducedbythevibrationofthesound-producingobject.Whenitvibratesasawhole,itproducesafundamentalsound,butatthesametime,itsvariouspartsalsohavecompoundvibrations.Thesoundproducedbyeachpartofthevibrationiscombinedintoovertones.BecauseofthepartsItissmallerthanthewhole,allthedifferentovertonesareshorterthanthefundamentaltone,andtheintensityisquiteweak,otherwisethepitchoftheinstrumentcannotbeadjusted.
ToneAnalysis
Thevibrationofthepronunciationbodyiscomposedofavarietyofovertones,amongwhichtherearefundamentalandovertones.Thedifferenceinovertonesdeterminesaspecifictimbre.Thetimbreislikenedtothe'thingsproducedbythepalette',andthetypesarealmostendlessYes.Candirectlytouchthedynamicauditorysenses.Generallyspeaking,people’sabilitytodistinguishtimbrefromotheranimalsis“instinct”.Thetimbreofmusicisdividedintohumantimbreandinstrumentaltimbre.Humanvoiceishigh,mid-range,low-pitched,andtherearemalesandfemales.Dividedinto;instrumentaltimbreismainlydividedintostringedinstrumentsandwindinstruments,andthetimbresofvariouspercussioninstrumentsarealsodifferent.
Inanutshell,timbre=puretone+transformation+mixingmethod.
Theso-calledfrequencyspectrumisactuallyavarietyofpuretonesofdifferentfrequencies,whichareformedtogetherindifferentgradientsandinacertainproportion.
Theroleoftoneishuge,anditstypecanbeexplainedbythefollowingformula:
1.Sound=music+noise
2.Music=source+beat
3.Source=tone+loudness+timbre
4.Tone=puretone+transformation+mixingmethod
Specifically,thetypeoftoneisdeterminedbythecharacteristicsofthevibrationsourceandtheshapeoftheformant.Intermsofthevibrationsource,Theovertoneintensitydecaysquickly,thetimbreisverysoft,suchasvocalsandstringsTheovertoneintensitydecaysslowly,andthesoundisveryhard,suchaswoodwindinstruments(especiallyoboeandsaxophone).Inthecaseofresonancecavity,theformantappearsatalowerfrequency,andthesoundismagnificent,suchasatrumpet;whentheformantappearsatahigherfrequency,thesoundiscold,suchasapiano.Sometimbreshavemultiplecharacteristics.Forexample,thevocaltoneissoftandround,thetrumpetisstrongandhard,andtheFrenchhornisstrongandroundatthesametime.
Thetonecomposedofasingleovertonehasonlyonepeak.Thereisnomusicalinstrumentthatonlyemitsovertones,andovertonescanonlybeproducedbysoftware.('Tuningfork'isalsopossible,similartothesoundofamosquito)However,anyordinarytoneiscomposedofseveralovertones.Thefrequenciesoftheseovertonesaremultiplesofacertainovertonefrequency.Thisovertoneiscalledthefundamentaltone,orthefirstovertone.Itshighovertonesarecalledsecondovertone,thirdovertone,andsoon.Forexample,ifthefrequencyofthe"polyphony"c1onthepianois261.6Hz,thenthissoundshouldhavethefollowing"overtones"combined.
Overtone1234567*891011*12
Frequency261.6523.2784.8183128783139
Pitchc1c2g2c3e3g3#a3c4d4e4#f4g4
GMtonelist
GM:GeneralMIDIsystemLevel1isthefirstleveloftheGeneralMIDIsystem(GeneralMIDIsystemLevel1),establishedin1991year.OnthebasisoftheGSstandard,itisstipulatedthatthemaximumnumberofsimultaneouspronunciationsofMIDIdevicesshallnotbelessthan24,drumsandcymbalsandotherpercussioninstrumentsarearrangedasagroupseparately,and128instrumentsoundshaveaunifiedarrangement,etc.GM’stonearrangementbasicallyfollowstheGSstandard.Assoonasitwaslaunched,itreceivedunanimoussupportfromMIDImanufacturersaroundtheworld,enablingcommunicationbetweenMIDIdevices.
ToneNumberInstrument(Instrument)
Piano
PIANO
1AcousticGrandPiano
2BrightAcousticPianouprightpiano
3ElectricGrandPiano
4Honky-TonkPianobarpiano
5RhodesPianosignaltoneelectricpiano
6ChorusedPianochoruspluselectricpiano
7Harpsichordpluckedstringsharpsichord
8ClavinetstrikeStringpiano
Chromaticpercussioninstrument
CHROMATICPERCUSSION
9CelestaCelesta
10GlockenspielCarillon
11MusicBox
12Vibraphone
13Marimba
14Xylophone
15TubularBells
16Dulcimer
Organ
ORGAN
17HammondOrganPercussiveOrgan(HammondOrgan)
18PercussiveOrganPercussiveOrgan
19RockOrgan
20ChurchOrgan
21ReedOrgan
22Accordion
23Harmonica
24TangoAccordian
Guitar
GUITAR
25AcousticGuitar(nylon)nylonstringguitar(classicalguitar)
26AcousticGuitar(steel)steelstringguitar(Folkguitar)
27ElectricGuitar(jazz)jazzelectricguitar
28ElectricGuitar(clean)unvoicedelectricguitar
29ElectricGuitar(muted)mutedElectricGuitar
30OverdrivenGuitarDrive(distortion)soundeffectelectricguitar
31DistortionGuitarDistortion(breaksound)soundeffectelectricguitar
32GuitarHarmonicsguitarovertone
Bass
BASS
33AcousticBass(pizzicatodoublebass)
34ElectricBass(finger)dialelectricbass
35ElectricBass(pick)dialdialelectricbass
36FretlessBass
37SlapBass1SlapBass1
38SlapBass2SlapBass2
39SynthBass1SynthBass1
40SynthBass2SyntheticBass2
StringSolo
SOLOSTRINGS
41ViolinViolin
42ViolaViola
43Cellocello
44Contrabassdoublebass
45TremoloStringsstringtremolo
46PizzicatoStringsstringplucking
47OrchestralHarpHarp
48Timpani
Chorusorensemble
ENSEMBLE
49StringEnsemble1StringEnsemble1
50StringEnsemble2StringEnsemble2(softstrings)
51SynthStrings1SynthStrings1
52SynthStrings2SynthStrings2(SoftStrings)
53ChoirAahs"Ah"sound
54VoiceOohs"Beep"sound
55SynthVoiceSynthVoice
56OrchestraHitOrchestraAccentUnison
BrassInstrument
BRASS
57Trumpettrumpet
58Trombonetrombone
59Tubalarge
60MutedTrumpetmutedtrumpet
61FrenchHorn
62BrassSectionBrassSection
63SynthBrass1SynthBrass1
64SynthBrass2SynthBrass2
Reedinstrument
REED
65SopranoSax
66AltoSaxAltoSax
67TenorSaxTenorSax
68BaritoneSaxBaritoneSax
69Oboe
70EnglishHornBritishPipe
71BassoonBigPipe
72ClarinetClarinet
WindInstrument
PIPE
b>73Piccolopiccolo
74Fluteflute
75Recorderclarinet
76PanFluteflute
77BottleBlow
78Shakuhachi
79Whistle
80Ocarina
SynthesisLead
SYNTHLEAD
81Lead1(square)Syntheticlead1(squarewave)
82Lead2(sawtooth)Syntheticlead2(sawtoothwave)
83Lead3(calliopelead)Syntheticlead3(calliopelead)
84Lead4(chifflead)Syntheticlead4(blowpipe)
84Lead4(chifflead)p>
85Lead5(charang)SyntheticLead5(Guitar)
86Lead6(voice)SyntheticLead6(Voice)
87Lead7(fifths)Syntheticlead7(fifth)
88Lead8(bass+lead)Syntheticlead8(bass+lead)
Syntheticsofttone
SYNTHPAD
89Pad1(newage)syntheticsofttone1(fantasy/newage)
90Pad2(warm)syntheticsofttone(warm)
91Pad3(polysynth)Syntheticsofttone3(octavepolyphonicsynthesis)
92Pad4(choir)Syntheticsofttone4(spacechoir)
93Pad5(bowed)Syntheticsofttone5(Bowglass)
94Pad6(metallic)Syntheticsofttone6(metal)
95Pad7(halo)Syntheticsofttone7(halo)
p>96Pad8(sweep)SyntheticSoft8(sweep)
Syntheticspecialeffects
SYNTHEFFECTS
97FX1(rain)synthesiseffect1(rain)
98FX2(soundtrack)synthesiseffect2(soundtrack)
99FX3(crystal)synthesiseffect3(crystal)
100FX4(atmosphere)synthesiseffect4(atmosphere)
101FX5(light)synthesiseffect5(soft)
102FX6(goblins)SynthesisSpecialEffect6(LittleMonster)
103FX7(echoes)SynthesisSpecialEffect7(Echo)
104FX8(sci-fi)SynthesisSpecialEffect8(Sci-Fi)
NationalMusicalInstruments
ETHNIC
105SitarIndianSitar
106Banjo
107ShamisenShamisen
108KotoJapanesethirteen-stringedkoto
109Kalimba
110Bagpipe
111Fiddle-likeviolininstrument
112ShanaiSuona
Percussion
PERCUSSIVE
113TinkleBell
114AgogoLatinBells
115SteelDrums
116Woodblock
117TaikoDrum
118MelodicTomtom
119SynthDrum
120ReverseCymbal
Specialsoundeffects
SOUNDEFFECTS
121GuitarFretNoiseStringgrinding
122BreathNoise
123Seashoresoundofwaves
124BirdTweet
125Telephone
126Helicopterhelicoptersound
127Applausecheersandapplause
128Gunshotgunshots
Percussioninstruments
17VoiceOnevocal"One"
18VoiceTwovocal"Two
19VoiceThreeVocal"Three"
22MC-505Beep1MC-505signaltone1
23MC-505Beep2MC-505signaltone2
24ConcertSDBigBandSnareDrum
25SnareRollSnareRoll
26FingerSnap2Snap2
(AboveRolandSC-88Pro)
27HighQLaserGunshot
28SlapSlap
29ScratchPushspecialeffectprocessingpushsound
30ScratchPullspecialeffectprocessingpullsound
31Sticksdrumstickpairknocking
32SquareClickknockingsquareplate
33MetronomeClickMetronome
34MetronomeBellMetronome(bell)
35AcousticBassDrum
36BassDrum1treblebassdrum
37SideStickrim
38AcousticSnareSnaredrum
39HandClap
40ElectricSnareElectronicsnaredrum
41LowFloorTombasslandingTomTom
42ClosedHi-HatHarmonyStepHi-Hat
43HighFloorTom>
44PedalHi-Hatpedalhi-hat
45LowTombasstom
46OpenHi-Hatstrongtonehi-hat
47Low-MidTommidbasstom
48Hi-MidTomhigh-pitchedtom
49CrashCymbal1low-smashingHymbal
50HighTomtrebletomdrum
51RideCymbal1lowfloatcymbal
52ChineseCymbalChineseCymbal
53RideBellfloatingsoundcymbalbowl
54Tambourinetambourine
55SplashCymbal
56CowbellCowbell
57CrashCymbal2high-pitchedcymbal
58Vibraslaptremolofork
59RideCymbal2high-pitchedcymbal
60HiBongotreblebongo
61LowBongo
62MuteHiConga
63OpenHiConga
64LowCongaBassConga
65HighTimbaleBronzedrum
66LowTimbaleBassdrumi>
67HighAgogohigh-pitchedLatinringing
68LowAgogolow-pitchedLatinringing
69Cabasasandhammer
70Maracasringgourd
71ShortWhistle
72LongWhistle
73ShortGuiroSawthepiano
74LongGuiro
75ClavesStrider
76HiWoodBlock
77LowWoodBlock
78MuteCuica
79OpenCuicastrongtoneJijia
80MuteTriangleweaktoneTriangleiron
81OpenTrianglestrongTonetriangleiron
82Shakersandhammer(higherthan69sandhammer)
83JingleBell
84BellTree
85Castanets
86MuteSurdosofttoneSurdo
87OpenSurdoStrongInseduo
88Applause2Cheers2(RolandSC-88Pro)
WhentheNo.48Orchestratoneisselected,thevarianttoneis:
27ClosedHi-Hathitsclosedhi-hat
28PedalHi-Hat
29OpenHi-HathitsOpenthehi-hat
30RideCymbal
35ConcertBD2OrchestraDrum2(largesound)
36ConcertBD1OrchestraDrum1(Thereisahugenoisehere)
38ConcertSDOrchestraSnareDrum
39Castanets
40ConcertSDorchestrasnaredrum
41TimpaniFF3timpani
42TimpaniF#F#3timpani
43TimpaniGG3timpani
44TimpaniG#G#3timpani
45TimpaniAA3leveltimpani
46TimpaniA#A#3leveltimpani
47TimpaniBB3timpani
48TimpanicC4timpani
49Timpanic#C#4timpani
50TimpanidD4timpani
51Timpanid#D#4timpani
52TimpanieE4timpani
53TimpanifF4timpani
57ConcertCymbal2orchestracymbal2(Forte)
59ConcertCymbal1OrchestraCymbal1(Mute)
88Applausecheers(accordingtotimevalueDeterminethelength)