Chinesewords
Basicinformation
(1)[specifications;standards;norms]
(2)Factory'sproductsandmaterialsusedTherequiredtypesandstandards;
Thequalityofthesixfurnacestheytriedwascompletelyuptothespecifications;
(3)Referstothespecifiedstandards,requirementsorconditionsingeneral;
>Whatarethespecificationsforreceivingforeigngueststhistime?
(4)Standards,requirementsorconditionsstipulatedbytheprogramdesign
Detailedexplanation
1.Specifications;pattern.
"ThreeKingdoms·Weizhi·Xiahouxuanetal.Biography":"Xuaniscalledbyhisnameintermsofspecificationsandbureaucracy,butheiscloselyrelatedtoCaoShuangathomeandabroad;ToLiangcai."
TangOuyangZhan's"PrefacetoSendPeiBakanMaocaitotheEast":"TwelveSriLankancrowns,brillianttalent,stillthreefeettall,makingfriendsallovertheworld,writingseveralarticles,Thespecificationsofitsstrategyarevast."
"TokyoMenghualuFolklore"bySongMengYuan:"Itsellsmedicinesandhexagrams,allwithcrownsandbelts.Asforbeggars,therearealsospecifications.Itseemstobeslackandnottoleratedbyeveryone."
QingZhouLianggong's"BookShadow"volumeone:"Yuanpeoplewriteplays,specializeinspecifications,thelengthisfixed,andthebrandnameisalsoranked."
2.Therequiredqualitystandardsforthefinishedproductsorrawmaterialsused.Suchas:theseproducts,afteridentification,fullymeetthespecifications.
3.Referstothephysicalshapeofgeneralindustrialproducts,generallyincludingvolume,length,shape,weight,etc.
4.Referstothesizeofthelensintheanimationsub-cameratable,expressedbythespecificationnumber.
Manufacturingterms
Specifications:Metalmaterialsrefertodifferentsizesofthesametypeortypeofmetalmaterials.Generallydifferentsizeshavedifferentallowabledeviations.Inproductstandards,thespecificationsofvarietiesareusuallyarrangedinorderfromsmalltolarge.
Physicsterms
.Referstothephysicalshapeofgeneralindustrialproducts,generallyincludingvolume,length,shape,weight,etc.Intoday'sstandardizedproduction,productspecificationsareverystrict.Usuallyaproductadoptsastandardmeasurementstandard,mainlytodistinguishsimilarproducts.Forexample,steelbarsareusuallydistinguishedbythesizeofthediameter.Buyingahouseisusuallymeasuredbythearea.Drinksareboughtinlargebottlesandsmallbottlesbecauseofthedifferentcapacitiesofthetwo.Duetothedifferentmeasurementstandardsofthespecifications,theexpressionsofthespecificationsaredifferent,mainlycomposedofnumbersandunits.Forexample,thespecificationofacanofcolaisusually355ml.Evenifthemeasurementcriteriaarethesame,thewayofexpressionmaybedifferent.Forexample,ifapieceoflandissquare,itisusuallyexpressedintheformoflengthmultipliedbywidthtoexpressitsgeneralshape.Ifitisround,itneedstobeexpressedintheformofdiameterorradius.Inotherwords,theexpressionofareaisusuallyexpressedinanindirectform.Thereisalsovolume.Forexample,youwillfindthattheformofXX*XX*XXmmisindicatedontheboxoftheTVsetathome,whichmeansthelength,widthandheightofthebox.
ComputerScienceTerms
Specificationscanbeusedatanystageofprogramdevelopment.Intherequirementsanalysisstage,specificationscanhelpspecifythecustomer'sambiguousrequirements,andfindoutthecontradictions,ambiguities,andunspecifiedareasintherequirements.Inprogramdesign,specificationscanstrictlyspecifytheinterfacesbetweendifferentmodules.SpecificationsofeachinterfaceTheinterfacespecificationsprovideuserswithenoughinformationsothattheycanusethemodulewithoutknowingtheinternalimplementationofthemodule,andlettheimplementerofthemoduledonotneedtoconsidertheuser'sinformationwhenimplementingthemodule.Intheprogramverification,thespecificationsarethestatethatthecorrectprogramshouldmeet,andintheprogramcorrectnessverification,thespecificationsshouldbeusedtogeneratetestsamplesfortheblackboxtest.Likeprograms,specificationscanbeusedforpathtesting,unittesting,andintegrationtesting.Finally,thespecificationcanalsobeusedasaprogramdocument,butthisisonlyoptionalbecauseitistooabstractandismoreusedasadescriptionofprogrambehavior.
Whyhavepeopledevelopedsoftwarerequirementsspecificationsaftersomanyyearsofdevelopmentinthesoftwareindustry?TheIEEE830standardevendefinesthebenefitsofagoodsoftwarerequirementsspecification:
Anagreementisdrawnupbetweenthedeveloperandthedemandertoclarifywhatkindofsoftwaretodevelop.Acompletefunctionaldescriptionwrittenbythespecificationwriterwillbeabletohelppotentialuserstodeterminewhetherthesoftwaremeetstheirneeds,orhowthesoftwarewillbemodifiedtomeettheirneeds.
Reducingtheburdenofdevelopment,thewritingofspecificationsforcestherelevantteamsofthedemander’sorganizationtocarefullyconsiderallrequirementsbeforethedesignstartstoreducecoderefactoring,rewritingandretesting.Carefullyreviewingtherequirementsinthespecificationscanidentifyomissions,misunderstandings,andcontradictionsatthebeginningofthedevelopmentcyclewhentheproblemisstillwellresolved.
Providesabasisforevaluatingcostsandschedules.Theproductdevelopmentprocessdescribedinthesoftwarerequirementsspecificationistherealisticbasisforevaluatingtheprojectcost,andcanalsobeusedasavoucherorvalueevaluationforobtaininginvestment.
Providesbasicstandardsforverificationandconfirmation.Theteamcanworkoutamoreeffectiveverificationandvalidationplanbasedonagoodsoftwarerequirementspecification.Aspartofthedevelopmentagreement,thesoftwarerequirementsspecificationprovidesabasicstandardthatshouldbeobeyed.
Promotedthetransferofprojectobjects.Softwarerequirementsspecificationsmakeiteasierforsoftwareproductstobeacceptedbynewusersorrunonnewmachines.Userscanmakeiteasierforotherpartsoftheteamtousethesoftware,anddeveloperscanmoreeasilyprovideittonewusers.
Asthebasisforfurtherdevelopment.Becausethespecificationonlycaresabouttheproductandnottheprojectthatdevelopsthisproduct,thespecificationcanbeusedasthebasisfortheimprovementofthefinalproduct.Thespecificationmaybechanged,butitcanstillbeusedasabasicstandardforevaluatingproductsthatarebeingdeveloped.
Programspecificationsmayinvolvethreeaspects:
Statementofprogramrequirements
AprogramAcompletedescriptionofthedesign
Adescriptionofthestandardstateinwhichaprogramcanbeverifiedtoruncorrectly.
Severalelementsofprogramspecifications:
Consistency--isthelogicofthespecificationself-consistent?
Achievability—isthisspecificationactuallyfeasible?
Completeness—Doesthespecificationfullyexpressthewriter’sintentions?
Determinism—Doesthespecificationcorrectlyexpressthewriter’sintentions?
Correctness
Ofcourseeveryonehopesthatthespecificationsarecorrect,noonewillwritethewrongspecifications,butnooneguaranteestheirownThespecificationisalwaysright.Thereisaprinciplehere.Whenyoufindthatthespecificationdoesnotmatchtheprogram,youhavetoupdatetheexpiredspecification.
Sequenceofimportance
Usuallysomerequirementsofanewsystemarereallyneededbythemarket,andsomerequirementsmaybeunachievable.SoftwarerequirementsItisimportanttoprovidethisinformationinthespecifications.
Testable
Don’tmakedemandslikethis:"Itshouldrespondquickly",or,"ThesystemunderanycircumstancesShouldn’tcrash”,thedemandshouldbeexpressedquantitatively:“Eachkeyboardeventshouldrespondtotheuserwithin100ms”
modifiable
Itmaynotbewrongtohaveexactlythesamerequirementsandspecificationsinmanyplaces,butitwillmakethedocumentdifficulttomaintain
Traceable
InmostcasesthisisnotstandardTheenvironmentisnotimportant.However,inmostteams,itisusefultotracetherequirementsinthespecificationtoahigherlevel-whydoweneedthisfeature?