MechanicalAbilityTest
TheMechanicalAbilityTestisafrequentlyusedspecialaptitudetest.Itmainlymeasureswhetheranindividualhasthebasicqualitiesofengaginginvariousmechanicaloccupationsorlearningmechanicalskills.ItmeasuresItistheindividual'sabilitytoperceivethespatialstructureandthecoordinationofhandsandeyestomeasurethelevelofmechanicalabilitywiththeaccuracyandtimeofcompletingcertainfinemovements.Themechanicalabilitytestistheearliestandmostfrequentlyusedspecialabilitytendencytestinindustrialandmilitarytests.Manyindustrialenterprisesrequirecertainmechanicalabilityforoccupationaltypesofwork.Atpresent,themechanicalabilitytestmainlymeasurestheabilityofspatialrelationshipandtheunderstandingandreasoningofmechanicalknowledge.
ThefirststandardizedmechanicalabilitytestwasthemechanicalabilitytestdevelopedbyStanquistin1915.AnothermajoreventinthehistoryofmechanicaltestingisundoubtedlyastudydonebyPattersonandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofMinnesotainthe1930s.Inthisstudy,arigorousanalysisofmechanicalcapabilitieswasmade,andtheresultwasThreequizzes.Theyare:MinnesotaManipulationTest,MinnesotaSpatialRelationshipTest,andMinnesotaWrittenShapeTest
MinnesotaManipulationTest
ThistestisaworksampletestthatrequiresthetestertoreassembleaseriesofclutterFormechanicalparts,thistaskrequiresmanualsensitivityandspatialperceptionaswellasmechanicalunderstanding.Allmaterialsaredividedinto3boxesA,B,C,andeachboxcontainsseveralkindsofmechanicalparts,whichcanbedisassembledintooriginals.Thereare9typesofpartsinboxA,8typesinboxB,and16typesinboxC.Atthebeginningofthetest,themaintesterdisassembledthevariouspartsandplacedtheminthespecifiedgrid,andaskedthetestertoreassemblethesedisassembledparts.Thereisaprescribedtimelimitforthereassemblyofeachcomponent.Withintheprescribedtimelimit,ifacomponentisinstalled,theassemblyofthiscomponentmustbeabandonedandanothercomponentwillbeassembled.
TheMinnesotaSpatialRelationsTest
TheMinnesotaSpatialRelationsTestisoneofthemoresuccessfulexamplesofmanytestsproducedinthisresearch.Thistestmeasurestheindividual’sspatialperceptionandspatialperception.Itisaveryimportantfactorinoccupationsthatrequiremechanicalability.Asthenamesuggests,spatialperceptionistheabilitytomeasurestereovisionandspatialmanipulationtomakeitintoaspecialshape.Thisquizismainlydesignedforpeopleover16yearsoldandincludes4woodenboards(A,B,C,D)andtwosetsofwoodenblockswithmanygeometricshapes.Thereare58smallholesofdifferentshapesandsizesoneachwoodenboard.Theshapesandsizesofthegeometricallyshapedwoodenblockscorrespondtothesmallholesonthewoodenboardonebyone.Amongthem,theshapeandsizeofthesmallholesontheAandBboardsarethesame,butthepositionsofthesmallholesaredifferent;theshapesandsizesofthesmallholesonCandDarealsothesame,andthedistributionpositionsaredifferent,so,AandB,CandDcanbeusedtogetherwithasetofboards.WhenusingAandBboardsfortesting,firstaskthetestertoputthegeometricalwoodblocks(thesamearrangementpositionasintheBboard)intothesmallholesoftheAboard,andaftertheplacement,taketheAboardGo,andthenaskthetestertoputthewoodenblockintothesmallholeoftheBboard.WhenusingCandDboards,therequirementsarethesameasthoseforAandBboards.Thereisalsoatimelimitforthistest.
TheMinnesotaWrittenShapeTest
Thistestincludes64itemsofmultiplechoices,eachitemincludesageometricalframethathasbeenbrokendownintoseveralpartsand5assembledpartsTheanswerframeoftheshape,thetaskofthetesteristochooseoneofthefiveavailableanswerswhichistheshapethatthegivendecompositionpartscanmake.Thistestprovestobeeffectiveinthecoursescoresofshoppingmallsandengineers,aswellassupervisorlevelsandproductionscoresinsupervision,packaging,machineoperation,andotherindustrialoccupations.
ClericalAbilityTest
Theclericalabilitytestisusedtoassessthespeedandaccuracyoftheindividual'sperceptioninwritingwork.Thetestischaracterizedbyemphasizingthespeedofperceptionandtheagilityofmovementsex.Butinactualpaperwork,inadditiontothesetwoabilities,verbalanddigitalskillsarealsoveryimportant.Theclericalproficiencytestmainlymeasureswhetheranindividualhastheabilitytohandledailyofficetasksandgeneralcases,suchastyping,recording,sorting,proofreading,binding,andliaison.Theessayproficiencytestmainlyincludes:thespeedofreadingcomprehension,thespeedandaccuracyoffilefinishing,thespeedandcorrectnessofcalculation,andthenecessarysocialknowledgeandmanagementknowledge.Atpresent,themorefamousclericalabilitytestsmainlyinclude:generalclericalabilitytest,clericalabilitytestsetandMinnesotaclericalabilitytest.Amongthem,theMinnesotaClericalProficiencyTestisthemostwidelyused.
MinnesotaWrittenAbilityTest
TheMinnesotaWrittenAbilityTestisamorerepresentativetypeofclericalabilitytest,anditisalsoamorefamousclericalabilitytest.Thetestisdividedintotwoparts,numbercomparisonandnamecomparison.Thefirstpartisthenumberofproofreading.Thesubjectsarerequiredtocomparethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthenumbers.Specifically,thetesterisgiven200pairsofnumbers.Thenumberofdigitsineachnumberrangesfrom3to12.Ifthenumbersofthetwogroupsarethesame,typebetweenthem.Asign;thesecondpartofthetestistoproofreadthenamesofpeople.Theoperationtasksinthispartaresimilartothoseinthefirstpart,exceptthatthepropernamesreplacenumbers.Theprescribedcompletiontimeforthetwopartsofthetestis8minutesand7minutesrespectively.Thiskindoftestisactuallyverysimple,butithashighrequirementsforthecorrectspeed.Mainlytotestthebreadth,speedandcorrectnessofperception.Therefore,theperceptionofpaperwork,numbers,andwordsisveryimportant.
Thisisarelativelysimpletest.Thekeyistoseehowmuchthetestercancompleteinalimitedtimeandhowaccurateisit.Becausetheentiretesthasarelativelyshorttimelimit,thistestemphasizesspeed,sotheremustbeaguessingfactorinthescore.Therefore,thestatisticalscoreofthetesthassetacorrectionscore(thecorrectionscoreisbasedongender,schoolgrade,andclericaljobapplicantsandDifferentgroupsofemployeesareconvertedintodifferentscorenorms).
Computerprogrammingandoperationabilitytest
Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandthepopularizationofcomputersandnetworks,manyclericaltasksalsoincludetheoperationofcomputersandrelatedequipment,andthesealsoNeedfastandaccurateperception,goodlogicalthinkingabilityandproblem-solvingability.Subsequently,arelativelywell-knowncomputeroperatoraptitudebattery(COBA)testwasdevelopedabroad,whichisarelativelynoveldocumenttestandoneofthewell-knownoperationsofthecomputerprogrammingandoperationalcapabilitytest.Thetestismainlyusedtoselecttalentswithcomputeroperationpotential,includingthreeparts:sequencecognition(theabilitytoquicklyrecognizesequences),formatchecking(checkingtheformatofnumbersandletters)andlogicalthinking(theabilitytoanalyzelogically)Problemandproblem-solvingability),theprescribedtimeforeachpartofthetestis10minutes,5minutes,and30minutes.Contains5subtests:speechmeaningsubtest,sharpnesssubtest,letterconnectionsubtest,numberabilitysubtestandgraphicsubtest.Eachsubtesthasacorrespondingtimelimit.Manystudieshaveshownthatthissetoftestsisverysuccessfulinrelatedworktestsinmanyproductionandserviceindustries.
Psychomotorabilitytest
Psychomotorabilitytestincludessensoryperceptiontestandmotorabilitytest.Strictlyspeaking,sensoryandmotorabilitytestsdonotbelongtothecategoryofpsychologicaltests,butthespeedandaccuracyofindividualvision,hearing,movement,andothersensorimotorabilitiesandotherinformationaboutindividualskillsareimportantforpersonnelselection,placement,andConsultationanddiagnosiscanprovideimportantreference.
Perceptiontest
Theperformanceofsometypesofworkwillbeaffectedbytheindividual’shearingandvision.Atthistime,theperceptiontestcanbeusedtoscreencandidatesandserveasasupplementarytoolforothertests.Perceptiontestswearemorefamiliarwith:visualacuitytest,hearingacuitytest,depthperception,reactiontimetest,etc.
Psychomotortest
Psychomotorabilitytestisdesignedtomeasurespeed,coordinationandothermotorresponsecharacteristics.Mostofthemareabouttheflexibilityofoperation,andsomeareaboutcompletingspecialtasks.Therequiredlegorfootmovement.Thepsychomotorabilitytestisdividedintoalarge-scaleexercisetest,afinemotortestandacombinationofthetwotests.Mostofthetestsarespeedtests,andtheresultsobtainedarerelatedtothetimerequiredtocompletetherequiredtasks.Generallythiskindoftestmustbecarriedoutwiththehelpofinstruments.
MusicalAbilityTest
Themusicalabilitytestincludesvarioussensorydiscrimination,understandingofthemorecomplicatedmusicalrelationshipsinmusicsubjects,andartisticjudgment.
WestShoreMusicalAbilitiesTest
WestShoreandhiscolleaguesattheUniversityofIowaconductedagroundbreakingstudyonmusicalabilityin1939anddevelopedtheearliestmusicalabilitytest.KnownastheWestshoreMusicalCompetenceTest,thisisthetestthathassofarbeenthemostadequatemeasureofmusicalcompetence.Theteststartsfrom25specialabilityfactorsinfiveaspects:musicalperception,musicalactions,musicalmemoryandimagination,musicalintelligence,andmusicalemotions,andsumsup6musicalabilitiestoevaluatethetester’smusicalabilities.Thetestedmusicalabilityincludessixaspects:distinguishthepitch,distinguishtheheightofthetone,distinguishthebeat,distinguishthelengthoftime,distinguishthetonecolororquality,andthememoryofthetone.Eachabilityconsistsofasetofquestionswithdifficultyrangingfromsmalltolarge.Thetestdoesnotcountthetotalscore,butsixtypesofabilityprofilestoshowtheprosandconsoftheirmusicalability.
MusicalAbilityTestChart
ThetestwasdesignedbyE·GordonoftheUnitedStatesin1965.Itconsistsof250originalviolinandcelloexcerpts,andusesrealmusicalthemesasthetest.Material.Trackingresearchprovesthatthetesthasabetterpredictiveabilityforstudents'musictrainingperformance.Thetestisdividedinto3subtests:
ThefirstsubtestistheTtest,whichteststhetester’sabilitytodistinguishtones(melody,harmony).Therearetwowaystoplayforeachquestion,andyouneedtojudgeThesimilaritiesanddifferences;
ThesecondsubtestistheRtest,whichteststhetester’sabilitytosenserhythm(speed,beat),andtherearetwoendingsforeachquestion’sperformance;
ThethirdsubtestistheStest,whichteststhetester'sabilitytofeelthemusic(shortsentences,balance,style,etc.),andrequiresthetestertodeterminewhichofthetwopiecesofmusicismorecharming.
Wenger'sStandardizedTestofMusicalAbility
ThistestiscompiledbyWengeroftheUnitedKingdom.Thetestusesmeaningfulpianomaterialsasthecontent.Thetestcontentincludes:chordanalysis,pitchchange,Memory,rhythmicstress,harmony,intensity,shortsentences,andoverallevaluation.Thequizispresentedbyaudiotape.Thistestissuitableforselectingtalentedmusictalentswhohavetheabilitytofurthertheirstudies.
ArtAbilityTest
Thetasteofartdiffersfrompersontopersonduetotheinfluenceofvariousfactorssuchasdifferentculturesandages.Artabilitymainlyincludestwoaspects:oneisartappreciationabilityandtheotheriscreativeability.Apersonwithnotalentforpaintingmayhaveahigherabilitytoevaluateart,andasapainter,thetwomustbeindispensable.
MeyerArtJudgmentAbilityTest
ThistestiscompiledbyMeyerintheUnitedStates.Thistestisatestofhumanaestheticability,andaestheticjudgmentabilityisaperson’sartThemostbasiccomponentofability,peoplewithoutaestheticabilitycan'ttalkaboutthetitleofartistatall.Thetestincludes100pairsofuncoloredpictures,whichinvolvelandscapes,stilllifes,woodcuts,orientalpaintings,etc.Eachpairofpicturesconsistsoftwoworks,oneisareproductionofafamouspainting,andtheotherisanimitationofafamouspainting.Letthetesterevaluatetheartisticperceptiontoidentifytheindividual'sartisticappreciation.
HongEnArtisticAbilityTendencyQuestionnaire
Thistestisanoperationaltest.Thetestcontentisdividedinto3parts,includingsketches,randomdrawingsandimaginarydrawings.Itismainlytojudgethelinequalityofthesubjects,theskillsofpicturelayout,theirimaginationandpaintingskills.Amongthem,therequirementofsketchdrawingisthatthesubjectsdrawsketchesofmorethan20commonobjects;thefreedrawingmeasuresthetester’sabilitytodrawsimpleabstractpatternswithdesignatedpatterns;andtheimaginationdrawingrequiresthetestertodrawaccordingtothegivenpatterns.Twelvecardsprintedwithsimplelinesaredrawnintoasketchtojudgetheirimaginationanddrawingskills.
TheGravesPatternJudgmentTest
Thetestmaterialisonlysometwo-dimensionalorthree-dimensionalabstractpatterns.Thewholetestconsistsof90questions,eachofwhichincludes2~3Variantsofthesamepatternaredifferentintermsofintegrity,balance,andsymmetry.OnlyoneofthemconformstotheeightartprinciplesconsideredbyGraves(harmony,theme,change,balance,coherence,symmetry,proportion,Rhythm),inthetest,thetesterisaskedtochoosetheonehethinksisthebest.Thetesthasgoodreliability,butitdoesnotprovidesufficientevidenceofvalidity.