Speaker

Physicalmodel

Weknowthatthesoundpartofaspeakerisaspeaker,butwhyuseaspeakerinsteadoflisteningdirectlytothespeaker?

Thepurposeofthespeakerboxismainlytopreventthesoundwavesignalsonthefrontandbackofthespeakerdiaphragmfromdirectlyformingaloop,causingonlyhigh-frequencyandintermediate-frequencysoundswithasmallwavelengthtobetransmitted.,Andothersoundsignalsaresuperimposedandcancelledout.

Thephysicalmodelofthespeakeristoopenaholeinaninfiniterigidbaffletoinstallthespeaker,soastoensurethatthesoundsignalonthefrontandbackofthespeakerwillnotformaloop,resultinginasoundwaveloop.

Butinactualuse,thespeakerscannotbemadeinfinite.Therefore,peopleusebafflesbehindthespeakerstoformaclosedspacetoensurethefrontaltransmissionofsoundwaves.

Theensuingproblem:afterthespeakerisairtight,duetotheatmosphericpressure,thelargerthespeakercabinet,themoreconducivetotherestorationoflow-frequencysound.Therefore,thevolumeofthegeneralspeakeriscalculatedbasedonthespeakersizeofthemid-bassunitComeoutacompromisedata.

Butmanyenvironmentsstilldonotallowtoolargecabinets.Inordertofurtherreducethevolume,peoplehavedesignedbaffles,invertedtubes,Theresonantcavityismainlyusedtoenhancethesoundsignalofacertainwavelengthinthelowfrequencyband,andfurtherreducetheinfluenceofatmosphericpressureonsoundrestoration.

Thespeakerisoneoftheweakestcomponentsinaudioequipment,anditisthemostimportantcomponentforaudioeffects.Therearemanytypesofloudspeakers:accordingtotheirenergyconversionmethods,theycanbedividedintoelectric,electromagnetic,piezoelectric,digital,etc.;accordingtothediaphragmstructure,theycanbedividedintosinglecones,compositecones,compositehorns,andthesameTherearemanykindsofshafts;accordingtothebeginningofthediaphragm,itcanbedividedintoconetype,dometype,flattype,belttype,etc.;accordingtothereplayfrequency,itcanbedividedintohighfrequency,intermediatefrequency,lowfrequency,ultralowfrequencyandfullbandspeakers;Accordingtothemagneticcircuitform,itcanbedividedintoexternalmagnetictype,internalmagnetictype,dualmagneticcircuittypeandshieldedtype;accordingtothenatureofthemagneticcircuit,itcanbedividedintoferritemagnets,neodymiumboronmagnets,andalnicomagnetspeakers;Themembranematerialcanbedividedintopaperandnon-conespeakers.

A.Theelectrodynamicspeakeristhemostwidelyused.Itusestheinteractionforcebetweenthevoicecoilandtheconstantmagneticfieldtovibratethediaphragmandproducesound.Electricwoofersaremostlyconetype,midrangespeakersaremostlyconetypeordometype,andtweetersareusuallydometype,ribbontypeandhorntype.

B.Theconespeakerhasasimplestructureandhighenergyconversionefficiency.Thediaphragmmaterialusedismainlypulpmaterial,ormixedwithwool,silk,carbonfiberandothermaterialstoincreaseitsrigidity,internaldampingandwaterproofproperties.Thenewgenerationofelectricconespeakersusenon-paperdiaphragmmaterials,suchaspolypropylene,micacarbonizedpolypropylene,carbonfibertextile,bulletproofcloth,hardaluminumfoil,CDcorrugated,glassfiberandothercompositematerials,andtheperformanceisimproved.

C.Domespeakersaredividedintosoftdomeandharddome.Thediaphragmofsoftdomespeakers,coloredsilk,silk,cottonclothimpregnatedwithphenolicresin,chemicalfiberandcompositematerials,ischaracterizedbysoftplaybacksoundquality;thediaphragmofharddomespeakersismadeofaluminumalloy,titaniumalloyandberylliumalloy,etc.Itscharacteristicisthattheplaybacksoundqualityisgood.

D,theradiatingmodeofthehornspeakerisdifferentfromthatoftheconespeaker.Afterthediaphragmvibrates,thesoundisdiffusedthroughthehorn.Itscharacteristicsarehighelectro-acousticconversionandradiationefficiency,longdistance,lowdistortion,butnarrowplaybackfrequencybandanddirectivity.

E.Thevoicecoiloftheribbonspeakerisdirectlymadeontheentirediaphragm(aluminumalloypolyimidefilm,etc.),andthevoicecoilandthediaphragmaredirectlycoupled.Thealternatingmagneticfieldproducedbythevoicecoilinteractswiththeconstantmagneticfield,causingthebeltdiaphragmtovibrateandradiatesoundwaves.Itischaracterizedbyfastresponsespeed,lowdistortion,fineplaybacksoundqualityandgoodlayering.

Thecabinetisusedtoeliminatetheacousticshortcircuitofthespeakerunit,suppressitsacousticresonance,broadenitsfrequencyresponserange,andreducedistortion.Thecabinetshapestructureofthespeakerisdividedintobookshelftypeandfloortype,aswellasverticaltypeandhorizontaltype.Theinternalstructureoftheboxhasvariousformssuchasclosedtype,phaseinvertedtype,bandpasstype,emptypaperconetype,labyrinthtype,symmetricdrivetypeandhorntype.Themostusedareclosedtype,phaseinvertedtypeandbandpasstype..

Floorspeakersarelargespeakers,thecabinetheightisabove750mm,thecabinetheightofbookshelfspeakersisbelow750mm,thosebetween450mmand750mmaremediumbookshelfspeakers,andthosebelow450mmaresmallbookshelfspeakers.

Thefrontmainspeakersofthehometheatersystemareverticalspeakers.Someusebookshelftypeorfloor-standingtype.Thisdependsonthesizeoftheaudio-visualroom,thepoweramplifierpowerandpersonalpreferences.Generally,fortheaudio-visualroombelow15squaremeters,mediumbookshelfspeakersshouldbeused;forroomslessthan10squaremeters,smallbookshelfboxesshouldbeused;forroomslargerthan15squaremeters,mediumbookshelfspeakersorfloor-standingboxesshouldbeselected.Thefrontmainspeakers,centerspeakersandsurroundspeakersaremostlydesignedwithinvertedphases,followedbyairtightand1/4-wavelengthloading,labyrinth,etc.Subwooferspeakersaremostlyband-passanddual-cavitydouble-opening,followedbyinvertedandclosed.

Thefrequencydividerisdividedintopowerfrequencydividerandelectronicfrequencydivider.Themainfunctionsarefrequencybanddivision,amplitude-frequencycharacteristicandphase-frequencycharacteristiccorrection,impedancecompensationandattenuation.

Thepowerdividerisalsocalledpassivepostdivider,whichdividesthefrequencyafterthepoweramplifier.Itismainlycomposedofpassivecomponentssuchasinductors,resistors,capacitorsandotherpassivecomponentstoformafilternetwork,andsendtheaudiosignalsofeachfrequencybandtothespeakersofthecorrespondingfrequencybandforreproduction.Itscharacteristicsarelowproductioncost,simplestructure,suitableforamateurproduction,butlargeinsertionloss,lowefficiency,andpoortransientcharacteristics.

Electronicfrequencydivider,alsoknownasactivepre-frequencydivider,iscomposedofvariousresistance-capacitancecomponentsandactivedevicessuchastransistorsorintegratedcircuits.Itisoftenplacedinpreamplifierandpoweramplifiersignals.Ananalogelectronicfilterinthecircuitcandividetheaudiosignaloutputbythepre-amplifierintodifferentfrequencybands,andthensendittothepoweramplifierforamplificationprocessing.Itscharacteristicisthatthefrequencyspectrumofeachfrequencybandisbalanced,mutualinterferenceissmall,theoutputdynamicrangeislarge,ithasacertainamplificationability,andtheinsertionlossissmall.Butthecircuitcompositionisrelativelycomplicated.

Thefrequencydividercanbedividedintotwofrequencydivisions,threefrequencydivisionsandfourfrequencydivisionsaccordingtothefrequencydivisionfrequencyband.Two-wayfrequencydividestheentirefrequencybandoftheaudiosignalintotwofrequencybands,high-frequencyandlow-frequency;three-wayfrequencydividestheentirefrequencybandintothreefrequencybands,high-frequency,intermediatefrequencyandlow-frequency;four-wayfrequencydividesthethree-wayfrequencyintoonemoreUltralowfrequencyband.

Thecrossoverpointandcrossoverslopedirectlyaffectthecrossoverqualityandthecrossoverfrequency(cross*frequency).

Thecrossoverpointreferstothefrequencyresponsecurveoftwoadjacentspeakers(suchasthetrebleandbassinthetwo-wayfrequency,thetrebleandthemidrangeinthethree-wayfrequency,themidrangeandthebass)atacertainTheintersectionpointinfrequencyisusuallythefrequencyathalfofthepoweroutputofthetwospeakers(thatis,the-3dBpoint),whichisdeterminedbythespeakerandthefrequencycharacteristicsanddistortionofeachspeaker.Usuallythefrequencydivisionpointofthetwo-wayfrequencydividerisbetween1KHz~3KHz,andthethree-wayfrequencydivisionis250Hz~1KHzand5KHz.

Thecrossoverslope(alsocalledtheattenuationslopeofthefilter)isusedtoreflectthefallingslopeofthefrequencyresponsecurvebelowthecrossoverpoint,expressedindecibels/octave(dB/oct).Itisdividedintofirstorder(6dB/oct),secondorder(12dB/oct),thirdorder(18dB/oct)andfourthorder(24dB/oct).Thehighertheorder,thegreatertheslopeofthefrequencycurveafterthecrossoverpointBig.Themorecommonlyusedisthesecond-ordercrossoverslope.Thehigh-orderfrequencydividercanincreasetheslope,butthephaseshiftislarge;thelow-orderfrequencydividercanproduceasmootherslopeandgoodtransientresponse,buttheamplitude-frequencycharacteristicsarepoor.Decidingtheorderofhighandlowfrequencyfilteringshouldmainlyconsiderthegoodconnectionofthephaseoftheloudspeakeritselfatthecrossoverpoint.

Classificationfeatures

Accordingtotheoccasionofuse

Itisdividedintotwocategories:professionalspeakersandhomespeakers.

Householdspeakersaregenerallyusedforhomeplayback.Theyarecharacterizedbydelicateandsoftplaybacksound,morerefinedandbeautifulappearance,nottoohighplaybacksoundpressurelevel,andrelativelylittlepower.Professionalspeakersaregenerallyusedinprofessionalentertainmentvenuessuchasdancehalls,karaoke,theaters,hallsandstadiums.Generally,professionalspeakershavehighsensitivity,highsoundpressure,goodpower,andhighpower.Comparedwithhomespeakers,theirsoundqualityisharderandtheirappearanceisnotverydelicate.However,theperformanceofmonitorspeakersinprofessionalspeakersissimilartothatofhomespeakers,andtheirappearanceisgenerallymoreexquisiteandcompact,sothistypeofmonitorspeakersareoftenusedinhomeHI-FIaudiosystems.

Accordingtotheaudiofrequencytoclassify

Canbedividedintofull-bandspeakers,bassspeakersandsubwooferspeakers.

Theso-calledfull-bandspeakerreferstothesoundthatcancoverthelow,middleandhighfrequencyranges.Thelowerlimitfrequencyofthefull-bandspeakerisgenerally30Hz-60Hz,andtheupperlimitfrequencyis15KHz-20KHz.Ingeneralsmallandmedium-sizedaudiosystems,onlyoneortwopairsoffull-bandspeakerscanbeusedtofullytakeontheplaybacktask.Subwoofersandsubwoofersaregenerallydedicatedspeakersusedtosupplementthelow-frequencyandultra-lowfrequencyplaybackoffull-bandspeakers.Thistypeofspeakerisgenerallyusedinlargeandmedium-sizedaudiosystemstoenhancethestrengthandshockoflow-frequencyplayback.Wheninuse,afterfrequencydivisionbyanelectroniccrossover(crossover),thelow-frequencysignalissenttoaspecialbasspoweramplifier,andthenthebassorsubwooferspeakersarepromoted.

Dividedbypurpose

Generally,itcanbedividedintomainspeakers.Monitorspeakersandreturnspeakers,etc.

Themainplaybackspeakerisgenerallyusedasthemainspeakeroftheaudiosystemtoundertakethemainplaybacktask.Theperformanceofthemainplaybackspeakerhasagreatimpactontheplaybackqualityoftheentireaudiosystem,andafull-bandspeakerplusasubwooferspeakercanalsobeusedforcombinedplayback.

Monitorspeakersareusedforprogrammonitoringincontrolroomsandrecordingstudios.Theyhavethecharacteristicsofsmalldistortion,wideandflatfrequencyresponse,andfewmodificationstothesignal,sotheycanreproducetheprogrammosttrulyTheoriginalappearance.Back-to-listeningspeakers,alsoknownasstagemonitorspeakers,aregenerallyusedonthestageordancehallforactorsorbandmemberstomonitortheirsingingorperformance.Thisisbecausetheyarelocatedbehindthemainsoundboxonthestage,andcannotheartheirownvoiceortheband'sperformanceclearly,sotheycan'tcooperatewellorcan'tfindoutthefeeling,whichseriouslyaffectstheperformance.Generally,thereturn-to-listeningspeakerismadeofabevelshapeandplacedontheground,sothatitcanbeplacedonthestagewithoutaffectingtheoverallshapeofthestage,anditcanbeheardclearlybythepeopleonthestageduringplayback,andthesoundwillnotbefedbacktothemicrophone.Howling.

Accordingtothecabinetstructure

Canbedividedintosealedspeakers,invertedspeakers,labyrinthspeakers,sonictubespeakersandmulti-cavityResonantspeakers,etc.

Amongthem,themostusedinprofessionalspeakersistheinvertedspeaker,whichischaracterizedbywidefrequencyresponse,highefficiency,andlargesoundpressure,whichisinlinewiththetypeofprofessionalaudiosystemspeakers,butbecauseofitslowefficiency,Therefore,itislessusedinprofessionalspeakers,mainlyusedinhomespeakers,andonlyafewmonitorspeakersadoptaclosedboxstructure.Thesealedspeakerhastheadvantagesofsimpledesignandmanufacture,widefrequencyresponse,andgoodlow-frequencytransientcharacteristics,butithashigherrequirementsforthedialunit.Amongallkindsofspeakers,invertedspeakersandsealedspeakersaccountforthemajorityoftheproportion.Othertypesofspeakershavemanystructuralforms,buttheyaccountforasmallproportion.

1.Closedenclosure(ClosedEnclosure)isthesimplestspeakersystem.ItwasproposedbyFrederickin1923andconsistsofaspeakerunitinstalledinafullysealedcabinet.Itcancompletelyisolatetheforwardandbackwardradiatedsoundwavesoftheloudspeaker,butduetotheexistenceofaclosedcabinet,theloudspeaker'smotionmassincreasestherigidityoftheresonanceandraisesthelowestresonancefrequencyoftheloudspeaker.Closedspeakershavegoodsoundreproductionandgoodbassanalysis.Whenusingordinaryhardfoldingringspeakers,inordertoobtainsatisfactorybassreproduction,alargecabinetwithalargevolumeisrequired.MostofthenewclosedspeakersuseasuitablyhighQvalue.Compliantspeakers.Utilizingtheelasticeffectofthecompressedairqualityenclosedinthebox,althoughthespeakerisinstalledinasmallerbox,theaircushionbehindtheconewillexertareactionforceonthecone,sothissmallenclosedspeakerisalsocalledanair-cushionedspeaker.

2.Bass-ReflexEnclosure,alsoknownasAcousticalPhaseInverter,wasinventedbyThurasin1930.Initsload,thereisasoundoutletopeningonapaneloftheboxbody.Therearevariousopeningpositionsandshapes,butmostoftheholesarealsoequippedwithsoundducts.Therelationshipbetweentheinternalvolumeoftheboxandthesoundducthole,accordingtotheprincipleofresonance,producesresonanceatacertainfrequency,whichiscalledtheanti-resonancefrequency.Thesoundwavesradiatedfromtherearoftheloudspeakerareinvertedthroughthetube,andthenradiatedtothefrontfromthesoundoutlet,andaresuperimposedinphasewiththesoundwavesradiatedfromthefrontoftheloudspeaker.Itcanprovideawiderbandwidth,highersensitivity,andsmallerdistortion.Ideally,thelowerlimitofthelowfrequencyplaybackfrequencycanbeasmuchas20%lowerthanthespeakerresonancefrequency.Thistypeofspeakercanreproducerichbasswithasmallercabinet,andisthemostwidelyusedtype.

3.AcousticResistanceEnclosure(AcousticResistanceEnclosure)isessentiallyadeformationofaphase-invertedspeaker.Itisfilledwithsound-absorbingmaterialorstructureinthesoundoutletduct,whichactsasasemi-closedboxtocontrolthephase-invertingeffectandmakeitbuffer.Reducetheanti-resonancefrequencytobroadenthebassreplayfrequencyband.

4.Thetransmissionlinespeaker(LabyrinthEnclosure)isnamedafterthetransmissionlineoftheclassicalelectricaltheory.Thereisasoundtubemadeofsound-absorbingwallpanelsonthebackofthespeaker,anditslengthis1/4or1/8ofthewavelengthofthelow-frequencysoundrequiredtoberaised.Theoretically,itattenuatesthesoundwavescomingfromthebackofthecone,preventingitfrombeingreflectedtotheopenendandaffectingthesoundradiationofthewoofer.However,infact,thetransmissionlinespeakerhasaslightdampingandtuningeffect,whichincreasesthespeakernearorbelowtheresonancefrequency.Acousticoutput,andincreasethebassoutputwhilereducingtheamountofstroke.Usuallythesoundductsofthiskindofspeakersarestackedinalabyrinthshape,sotheyarealsocalledlabyrinthortortuous.

5.Passiveradiantspeaker(DroneConeEnclosure)isabranchofbassreflexspeaker,alsoknownasemptyconespeaker.ItwaspublishedbyOlsonandPrestonintheUnitedStatesin1954.Itsopeningsoundoutletiscomposedofanon-magneticcircuit.Insteadoftheemptypapercone(passivecone)ofthevoicecoil,theradiationgeneratedbythevibrationofthepassiveconeandtheforwardradiatedsoundofthespeakerareinthesamephaseworkingstate,andthecompositesoundandharmonyformedbytheairintheboxandthepassiveconesupportcomponentsareused.Thepassiveconemassformsresonanceandenhancesthebass.Themainadvantageofthiskindofspeakeristhatitavoidstheunstablesoundproducedbythereflectedsoundhole,anditcanobtaingoodsoundradiationeffectevenifthevolumeisnotlarge,sothesensitivityishigh,whichcaneffectivelyreducethespeaker'sworkingamplitudeandtheinfluenceofstandingwaves.Small,thevoiceiscoldandtransparent.

6.Thecoupledcavityspeakerisacabinetstructurebetweentheclosedtypeandthebassreflextype.ItwaspublishedbyHenryLangintheUnitedStatesin1953.Itsoutputisoutputbythesoundholedrivenbyonesideofthecone,andtheothersideoftheconeisoutput.Coupledwithaclosedbox.Theadvantageofthiskindofspeakeristhattheamountofairpushedbythespeakeratlowfrequenciesisgreatlyincreased.Sincethecouplingcavityisatuningsystem,whentheconemovementisrestricted,theoutputofthesoundoutletdoesnotexceedthesoundoutputofasinglecone,whichbroadensthelowfrequencyweight.Amplifytherange,sothedistortionisreduced,andthewithstandpowerisincreased.In1969,theA·S·W(AcoustICSuperWoofer)speakerreleasedbyYukihikoKawashimaofLo-dinJapanisacoupledcavityspeaker,suitableforreproducingbasswithoutdistortionwithsmall-diameterlong-strokespeakers.

7.Horntypeenclosure(HorntypeEnclosure)forhouseholdtype,mostlyadoptstheformoffoldedhorn(FoldedHorn),itshornmouthiscoupledwithalargerairloadatthemouth,andthedrivingendhasasmalldiameter.ThebackofthistypeofspeakerItisfullysealed,andthepressureinthechamberismostlyonthebackofthespeakercone.Inordertokeepthepressurebalancebetweenthefrontandrearofthecone,aninvertedhornisinstalledinfrontofthespeaker.Thefoldinghornspeakerisaderivativeofthephase-invertedspeaker,anditssoundeffectisbetterthanthegeneralbassreflexspeakeroftheclosedspeaker.

Accordingtothenumberofspeakerunits2.0speakers,2.1speakers,5.1speakers,etc.

Accordingtothematerialofthecabinetwoodenspeakers,plasticspeakers,metalspeakers,etc.

Dielectricresonance

Principle

Soundingprinciple:vibratorvibrationsound(vibrationsound)+papertympanicmembranehornsound

Thesoundcombiningtraditional(ordinary)soundandvibrationsoundhasboththevibrationsoundofthevibrationsoundandthehornsoundofthetraditionalsound.

Mediamixingsoundmainlycombinesthevibrationsoundtechnologyprincipleofvibratingsoundandthesoundprincipleofordinarysoundpapertympanichorn,combiningthetwo;infact,dielectricresonancemixingsoundisstillwellunderstood,andmediumresonanceisSoundisproducedthroughavibratingmedium,whilemixingisacombinationoftraditionalsoundspeakers.Generallyspeaking,itisacombinationoftraditionalordinarysoundandvibratingsound.Nottomentiontheexcellentsoundquality,thebasseffectisevenmoreremarkable.Itshouldbeavailableinmajorcitiesacrossthecountry.It'ssold.Musicenthusiastswhohaven'tseenthiskindofaudiocangoandexperienceit.Youshouldn'tbedisappointed!

Performanceindexofspeakersystem

1)Frequencyresponse(effectivefrequencyrange)

2)Ratedimpedance

3)Power

4)Sensitivity

5)Directivity

6)Distortion

HarmonicdistortionreferstoThereproducedsoundaddshigh-orderharmoniccomponentsthatarenotintheoriginalsignal.

Intermodulationdistortion,weknowthatthespeakerisanon-lineardevice.Intheprocessofreplayingthesoundsource,duetothenon-uniformityofthemagneticfieldofthemagneticgapandthenon-lineardeformationfactorofthesupportingsystem,akindofprinciplewillbegenerated.Thenewfrequencycomponentthatisnotinthesignal,sowhenthenewfrequencysignalandtheoriginalfrequencysignalareaddedtotheloudspeakertogether,itwillbemodulatedtoproduceanothernewfrequency.Inaddition,themusicsignalisnotasingle-tonesinewavesignal,butamulti-tonesignal.Whentwosignalsofdifferentfrequenciesareinputtothespeakeratthesametime,duetothelargeamountofnon-linearfactors,thetwosignalswillbemodulatedandanewfrequencysignalwillbegenerated.Therefore,inadditiontotheoriginalsignal,therearetwoFornewfrequenciesthatarenotintheoriginalsignal,thisdistortionisintermodulationdistortion.Itsmaininfluenceispitch(alsoknownaspitch).

Transientdistortion,thetransientdistortionofthespeakersystem,referstoakindoftransmissionwaveformdistortioncausedbythemassinertiaofthespeakervibrationsystem.Duetothecertainmassinertiaoftheloudspeaker,theconevibrationcannotkeepupwiththeinstantaneouslychangingelectricalsignal,whichcausesthedistortionofthetransmissionwaveformofthereproducedsound,whichleadstothechangeofthefrequencyspectrumandthetimbre.Thequalityofthisindicatorisextremelyimportantinthespeakersystemandspeakerunit,anditdirectlyaffectsthesoundqualityandthedegreeoftonereproduction.

7.Standardpower(unit:wattW):thepowermarkedonthespeaker.Twomarkingmethodsarepopularintheworld:

long-termpowerorratedpower,theformerreferstoaspecifiedinputtothespeakerwithintheratedfrequencyrangeAnalogsignal,thesignaldurationis1minute,theintervalis2minutes,repeated10times,thespeakerdoesnotproducethemaximuminputpowerofthermaldamageandmechanicaldamage.Thelatterreferstotheinputofasinewavesignaltothespeakerwithintheratedfrequencyrange,thesignaldurationis1hour,andthespeakerdoesnotproducethemaximumsinepowerofthermaldamageandmechanicaldamage.

Themaximumwithstandpowerismusicpower(MPO),whichoriginatedfromtheGermanIndustrialStandard(DIN),andreferstotheshort-termmaximumpowerthatthespeakercanwithstand.Thisisbecausewhenthemusicsignalisplayed,theamplitudeoftheaudiosignalchangesgreatly,andsometimesthepeakvalueofthemusicpowermayexceedtheratedpowerseveraltimesinashortperiodoftime.Thepowerlabelingstandardsestablishedbymycountry'snationalstandardGB9396-88includemaximumnoisepower,long-termmaximumpower,short-termmaximumpower,andratedsinewavepower.Usuallyspeakermanufacturersuselong-termpowerorratedpowerasthemarkedpowerofthespeaker.

8.Nominalimpedance(unit:ohmΩ):referstotheratioofthesignalvoltageUtothesignalcurrentinputbythespeaker(thisisthesameasinhighschoolphysics,R=U/I).Becausetheimpedanceofthespeakerisafunctionoffrequency,themagnitudeoftheimpedancevaluealsochangeswiththefrequencyoftheinputsignal.Thepreferredvalues​​ofspeakerimpedancespecifiedbymycountry'snationalstandardsare4Ω,8Ω,16Ω(therecommendedvalueofinternationalstandardsis8Ω),andthenominalimpedanceofthespeakerisspecifiedasthelowestvaluebetweenthepeakvalueF0ofthespeakerresonancefrequencyandthesecondresonancepeakF1Impedancevalue.Someforeignspeakermanufacturersuseasectionwheretheimpedancecharacteristiccurvetendstobeflatasthespeaker'snominalimpedance.Thenominalimpedanceofthespeakerisdifferentfromthenominalimpedanceofthespeaker,becausethereismorethanonespeakerunitinthespeaker,thenatureofeachunitisdifferent,andthereareseriesorparallelcrossovernetworks,sothestandardstipulatesthattheminimumimpedancemustnotbeLowerthan80%ofthenominalimpedancevalue.

9.Sensitivity(unit:decibeldB):Thesensitivityofthespeakerreferstothesoundpressurelevel(soundpressureandTheamplitudeofthesoundwaveisproportionaltothefrequency,andthesoundpressurelevelisanindicatoroftherelativemagnitudeofthesoundpressure).Whatneedstobeparticularlypointedouthereisthatalthoughsensitivityisanindicatorofspeakers,ithasnothingtodowithsoundqualityandtone.Itonlyaffectstheloudnessofthespeakers.Youcanincreasetheinputpowertoincreasetheloudnessofthespeakers.

10.Efficiency(expressedasapercentage):Thedefinitionofspeakerefficiencyistheratioofthesoundpoweroutputbythespeakertotheelectricpowerinput(thatis,thepercentageofsound-electricconversion).Recently,thespeakersonthemarketareusuallymarkedwithsensitivity,whilesomespeakersaremarkedwithefficiency,butexpressedindecibels.Thiswrongwayoflabelinghascausedsomeconsumerstoconfusethetwoindicatorsofsensitivityandefficiency.Thetwoindicatorsofspeakersensitivityandefficiencyhavenothingtodowithsoundqualityandtimbre,noraretheystandardsforqualityassessment.However,thesensitivityandefficiencyaretoolowandtheinputpowerofthepoweramplifiermustbeincreasedtoachievetherequiredsoundpressurelevel.

Positioningmethod

Positioningskills

Centerchannel

ThefrontcenterspeakerisnormalPlacethemascloseaspossibletothecenteroftheimagescreen.Thecenterchannelspeakerhasthegreatestimpactonthesoundqualityofmoviedialogue.Inordertoensurethatthedialogueisaccuratelypositionedinthecenterofthescreenandthesoundisrestoredwell,aseparatespeakerspeciallydesignedforthecenterchannelshouldbeusedinsteadofordinarybookshelfspeakersorTVsets.Internalspeakersareusedinstead.

Leftandrightchannels

Theplacementofthesetwospeakershasacertainrelationshipwiththepositionofthecenterchannelspeaker.Inordertoensurethesmoothnessoftheleftandrightmovementofthesoundimage,theyshouldbeplacedonbothsidesofthecenterchannelspeaker,andthethreespeakersshouldbekeptatanequaldistancefromthepositionofthebestlistenerinfrontofthescreen.Generallyspeaking,thepositionofthecenterspeakershouldbesetbackacertaindistancefromtheleftandrightspeakersuntilthesoundfieldsofthetwocanbecompletelycombinedtocreateatrulyunifiedsoundimagepositioning.Theretreatdistanceisrelatedtothesizeofthespace,thelisteningpositionandthespeakersused,andcanbedeterminedthroughexperiments.

Surroundchannels

Theplacementoftheringspeakersshouldvarydependingonthesoundenvironment(roomconditions)andthetypeofringspeakers.Forspeakerswithleftandrightsurroundchannels,thediffusivityofthesoundshouldbemoreimportantthanthedirectionality,whichisconducivetocreatingarichsurroundatmosphere.Whenplacingdipolespeakers,twofactorsmustbeconsidered:resonanceandself-decay.Thebestpositionforanti-resonanceis20%oftheheightoftheindoorspacefromtheceiling(ortheground)(forexample,theindoorheightis2.5m,thebestpositionis50cmaboveandbelow).Inordertomakethefrequencyresponsesmoother,youcanaddanewdevicecalledlow-frequencytrap(absorptionoflowaudio)toeliminatethereflectionsthatcausethesoundtodecay.

Ultra-lowspeakers

Usuallyputthesubwooferspeakersnearthefrontcorner,preferablymorethan1mawayfromthecorner,soastoreducetheinterferenceofstandingwaves.YoucanalsoputthesubwooferspeakersonbothsidesofthebestlisteningpositiontokeepthemproperlyBecauseofthelongwavelengthofthesubwoofer,thesubwooferwillnotinterferewiththeoriginalsoundimagepositioningofthethreechannelsinfront.Ofcourse,thebestplacementshouldbedeterminedthroughexperimentation.

Insideaxismethod

Puttingmethod:Firstplacethespeakersbetweenone-thirdtoone-halfthelengthoftheroom,andthenplacethespeakersasclosetothesidewallaspossible.Iftheroomistoowide,Itdoesnothavetobeclosetothesidewall.Theinwardangleofthespeakersshouldbegreaterthan45degrees,andthelisteningpositionshouldbeabout0.5-1metersaftertheintersectionoftheprojectionanglesofthetwospeakers.

Effect:Ifyourlisteningenvironmentiscomplicated,thesoundabsorptionisasymmetrical,theroomisthree-pointedandoctagonal,theroomistooslender,andthesoundofyourspeakersiscoldintreble,thininmidrange,andlowinbass,believethefollowing"inneraxismethod"Willhelpyou.

Equilateraltrianglemethod

Puttingmethod:Thefirstconditionisthatthespeakermustleavethebackwall(atleast1meter)andthesidewall(atleast0.5metersabove).Thesecondconditionistodrawthetwospeakersandthelisteningpositionasanequilateraltriangle.Thethirdconditionisthattheinwardprojectionangleofthetwospeakersshouldbe45degreesormore.ThefourthconditionisthisTheregulartrianglecanbelargeorsmall.Thesquareissmallerwhentheroomissmallandthepowerofthebackstageislow;theregulartrianglecanbeenlargedwhentheroomislargeandthepowerofthebackstageishigh.

Effect:ThisiscommonlyknownasnearsoundFieldlisteningmethod.Itsadvantageisthatitcanreducetheexcessiveinterferenceofthereflectedsoundofthefourwallsonthedirectsoundofthespeaker,soitcangetagoodsenseofpositioningandawideanddeepsoundfield.Thisisthemost,themostdirect,andtheclearestdetailthatcanbeheard.Placementmethod.Manycommentatorsliketousethismethodwhencommentingonaudio.

Three-to-one-sevenratiomethod

Puttingmethod:dividethelengthoftheroomintothreeequalparts(three),Thespeakersareplacedatonethirdofthelength(1),andthedistancebetweenthetwospeakersis0.7timesthelengthofthetwothirdsoftheroom(7).ThespeakersshouldpreferablybeslightlyinwardProjectionangle,butthereisnoinwardprojection.Thelisteningpositioncannotbeagainstthebackwall.

Effect:Thismethodisusedforlargersizesandevenproportions(e.g.1:1.25:1.6or1:1.6:2.5)space,youcangetabalancedsoundandawideanddeepsoundfield.

Three-to-threeratiomethod

Puttingmethod:dividethelengthoftheroomintothreeequalparts(three),thewidthisalsodividedintothreeequalparts(three),andthespeakerisplacedatthefirstintersectionoflengthandwidth(one).Thespeakercanhaveaslightinwardprojectionangle,anditdoesnotevenneedtobeprojectedinward.Thelisteningpositioncannotbeagainstthebackwall.

Effect:ThismethodisalsousedforrulersAlarge,evenlyproportionedspace.Itisconsistentwiththespiritofthe"ThreeOneSevenProportionMethod".Theonlydifferencefromthe"ThreeOneSevenProportionMethod"isthatthespacebetweenthetwospeakersisnarrow.Thismethodcanalsogetabalancedsoundandawideanddeepsoundfield.

Longbackwallplacementmethod

Placementmethod:Inarectangularroom,thegeneralexperienceofplayingaudiowillusetheshortsideasthebackwallofthespeaker.Butthis"LongBackWallPendulumMethod"workstheotherwayaround,usingthelongsideasthespeakerbackwall.Thespeakermustbeatleast1meterawayfromthebackwall,andthedistancebetweenthespeakerandthesidewallmustbeatleasthalfameter.Thedistancebetweenthetwospeakersandthepositionofthelisteneraredrawnintoanequilateraltriangle,andtheinwardprojectionangleofthetwospeakersshouldbeatleast45degreesormore.Thelisteningpositionmustnotbeattachedtothewall,atleastonemeteraway.

Effect:Ifyoufeelthatthelow-frequencyvolumeofyouraudiosystemisnotenough,thenyoucantrythe"speakerlong-siderearwallplacementmethod"introduced.Butitshouldbenotedthatthiskindofpendulumhasbothgainsandlossesforthesound.Althoughthesenseofvolumeinthemidandlowfrequenciesisenhanced,thedepthofthesoundfieldhasbecomeabitworse.Soifyouwanttogetabalancebetweenthis,justIt'suptoyoutoslowlymovethedistancetoplay.

Placingagainstthewall

Placing:Thisistheoldestplacingmethod.Placethespeakerclosetothebackwall,whetheritis50cm,30cm,or20cmfromthebackwall,itdoesn'tmatter,youcandeployityourself.Usuallyspeakersdonotneedtoprojectanglesinward.

Effect:Usewhenthehighfrequencyiscold,themiddlefrequency,andthelowfrequencyareweak.Itcanmakethemiddlefrequencyandthelowfrequencyfull,andthewholehigh,middleandlowfrequenciescanbebalanced.However,italsomakesthedepthofthesoundfieldshallowerandnarrower.However,whenweighingagainsttheharshandunpleasantsound,itistherightwaytosacrificetheperformanceofthesoundfieldtoobtainanicesound.

Rhombuspendulummethod

Publicationmethod:Thismethodislimitedtosquarespace.Thesquarespaceisregardedasarhombus,andthespeakersareplacedonthetwosidesoftherhombusagainstthewall.Thediamond-shapedsharpcornersbehindthespeakersandthediamond-shapedsharpcornersbehindthelisteningpositionneedtobediffusedwithcircularorcylindricalsoundwaves.Thesecondspeakersshouldnotbetooclosetothesidewall.

Effect:Thismethodspecializesintheproblemoftoostrongstandingwavesofbassboominsquarespace.Ifthesquarespacedoesnotwanttobeplacedlikethis,thenalotoffurnitureshouldbepackedinto"smooth"thestandingwave.

Summary

Thesevenmostcommonlyusedspeakerplacementmethodsarelistedabove.Inageneralspace,youshouldbeabletofindoneofthemostsuitableplacementmethodsforyou.Theprincipleofplacingspeakersisthatinanyroomspace,therewillbeapositionandakindofpendulumtomakeyourspeakersandtheroomhavethemostharmoniousresonanceeffect.Findingthepointwiththebestresonanceeffectisthebestspeakerwearepursuing.Setup.Therefore,thepositionofthespeakerisnotstatic;itdoesnothavetobemeasuredwitharulertobeveryprecise.Ifyoufeelthatusingtheabovemethodsalloverdoesnotworkwell,thencreateyourownposes.Afteryouinitiallyfindagoodpositionandagoodmethod,pleaserememberthespecificpositionandplacementangle,andthenmakefineadjustments.Atthistime,thesubtlemovementsofthespeakerswillbecomeverysensitive.Afterrepeatedfine-tuning,youcanfindthefinalThebestpositionisnow.

Purchaseskills

Preliminaryunderstanding

Fortheinitialunderstandingofapairofspeakers,thestepsof"viewing,weighing,knocking,andrecognizing"canbeusedtoidentify:namelyOneviewofcraftsmanship,twoweights,threecabinets,fourrecognitionofbrands.

Aviewofcraftsmanshipistojudgethequalityandqualityfromthefirstappearanceofthespeaker:speakersmadeofnaturallogsareofcoursethebest,andmanyworld-famoussupremespeakerswithsky-highprices,includingItalyChario(Zhuoli),GuarneriHomage(名琴),etc.,butthiskindofgoodboxwillneverbeaspopularasthe"Rejoice"shampoothatcanbeseeneverywhere,Thepriceisdefinitelynotlow.Therefore,thecommonspeakersaredecoratedwithathinlayerofwoodveneeronthesurfaceofMDFmediumdensityfiberboard:speakerswithrealwoodveneerandexquisiteexteriordecoration,especiallysuchasrosewood,bird'seye,rosewood,walnut,phoebe,redoakAndotherrareveneers,thenaturalwoodgrainvisualeffectisexcellent,andthehandfeelssmoothandcomfortable.Especiallythepianolacquerwithsymmetricalbutterflypatternrealwoodveneeriscoatedandpolishedinmultiplelayers,mostofthemcanberegardedashigh-endqualityspeakers,andthereareveryfewcounterfeitproducts.BoxesmadeofPVC(Sapele)plasticareofthegeneralmarket.Althoughtheyareexquisiteinworkmanship,theycanonlybeconsideredaslow-andmedium-gradegoods.Forboxesdecoratedwithwood-grainedpaperveneers,althoughtheylookextreme,youshouldpaymoreattentiontotheaccuracyoftheleatherjointsonthebackoftheboxandthediggingandtyingprocessofthespeakerinstallationposition.Counterfeitandinferiorproductsgenerallydon'tpayattentiontothesedetails,soyoucanmakeacorrectjudgmentwithalittlecare.

Thesecondistoweigh:goodspeakersaremostlymadeofhigh-qualityMDFparticleboardsof18-25mm,andhigh-endflagshipspeakersaremadeofsuper-heavysolidwoodsuchasredsandalwoodandyellowgrapefruitormulti-layercompositeplywood.Build,sotheweightisamazing.Oftenthenetweightofapairofspeakersisasmuchasfiftyorsixtykilograms.Mostofthemid-to-low-endandlarge-scalegoodsusesoft-texturedparticleboard,andthecounterfeitandinferiorproductsuseinferiorqualitypaperandrubbersheets,sotheweightisgenerallylighter.Thereisoftenasayingintheaudioindustrythat"expertslookatqualityandlaymenweighweight".Heavyspeakersaredefinitelybetterthanlightones.Butbewaryofunscrupulousbusinessespouringsandandgravelcementatthebottomofthesoundbodytoincreasetheweighttodeceiveconsumers.

Thethirdistoknockontheboxbody:knockthetop,bottom,left,andrightfrontandbackbafflesoftheboxwithknuckles.Allsidesoftheboxemitasolidandslightelasticsound.Itfeelsthatthetextureoftheboardishardandthick,andtherearemanyreinforcementsinside.Supportedbyribs,theboxstructureisreasonableandstrong,andithasavarietyofsoundinsulationandanti-standingwavemeasures.Thiskindofcabinetiscostlyanddifficulttoprocess,sotherearefewcounterfeitandinferiorproducts.Iftheboxbodyisknockedwiththeknucklestomakea"puff,puff"emptysound,itmeansthattheplateistoothin,thequalityofthematerialistoopoor,andthestructureisunreasonable.Andthereisnosound-absorbingmaterialorreinforcingribstomaintaintheinterior,whichleadstotheformationofalargenumberofdiffusereflectionsandstandingwavesinthebox.Buyingthiskindofspeakerswillnevergetagoodplaybackeffect.

Fourthistorecognizethenameplate:reallygoodspeakershaveawell-madegold-platedorchrome-platednameplatemark,andthenameplategenerallyhasadistinctivetrademark,company,name,placeoforigin,andcorrespondingindicators.TheimportedboxesareinEnglishsuchas:MadeinxxxorManufactureandcorrespondingtrademarks,speakerindicators,etc.IfthereisonlyDesign...(XXdesign)orvaguelymarkedwithonlyonecountryname,evenapartfromafewbasicindicatorsthataresimpleandextremelyimprecise,neithertheoriginnorthemanufacturercanbeseen,andthereisnotrademarkorregistrationmark..MostoftheseSanwuproductsaresuspectedofbeingcounterfeitorinferior.Famous-brandspeakersattachgreatimportancetobrandimageandcorporatereputation,sothenameplatemarksareverystandardizedandexquisite,withvariousindicators,corporatenames,andoriginsallavailable.Somenameplatesareevenmadeofthinmetalplatedwith24Krealgold,andthefontsonthemhaveasenseofunevenness.Theproductnotonlyhasthefactorydate,productionserialnumber,andeventhematchingserialnumberandtheIDcardinthebox.Forthiskindofspeakers,aslongasthepriceisreasonable,theycangenerallybeusedwithconfidence.

Usingtechnicalindicatorstojudgetheprosandcons

Asmentionedabove,thereisgenerallyatechnicalguidelabelonthebackofthefinishedspeaker:thecontentisnothingmorethanthespeaker’sfrequencyrange,sensitivity,carryingpowerandSeveralitemsofimpedance.Amongthem,thesensitivityrateisthemostimportantindicatorofthespeaker,whichdeterminestoalargeextentwhatkindofpoweramplifiertheboxshouldbeequippedwith,howmuchpowerisneededtopushandsoon.Thesensitivityofmostlistening-gradehomespeakersisbetween86-92dB.Forthesamepoweramplifier,atthesamevolume(forexample,whenthevolumeisturnedto10o'clock),thehigherthesensitivity,thelouderthesound.Thepowerrequirementsandrequirementsofthepoweramplifierwillbelower.Thisiswhatpeopleoftensay:Thispairofspeakersiseasiertopush.ManyprofessionalspeakersusedincommercialOKhallshaveasensitivityofmorethan100dB.NowondermanypeoplefeelthatwhentheygotoOKhallstosingkaraoke,thesoundisverypowerful,andtheycangetalotofvolumewithoutanyeffort.Butyoumustnotthinkthatthehigherthesensitivity,thebetter.Infact,speakerswithasensitivityofmorethan92dBarelighterandthinnermetalcones,PPcones,etc.,whichwilldamagethecontrolofthepowerdrivingspeakers,therebyAsaresult,thesoundqualityistoothin,small,exaggerated,andtough,andlacksalotofmusicdetailsandcharm.NotsuitableforHI-FIlistening.Manyfamousspeakerswiththick,softsoundandfullofmusicalflavorusuallyhaverelativelylowsensitivity.Forexample,thesensitivityoftopspeakerssuchasATC,ItalianpianoandZhuoliisonly82dB.Thistypeofspeakerisoftenextremelydifficulttoserve,andagiantpoweramplifierwithalargeoutputcurrentisrequiredtomakeitworkintheideallinearregion,andthecostwillneverbesmall.

Theothermostimportantindicatoristhefrequencyrange.Forexample,thefrequencyrangeofthedomesticboutiqueXindakCompassNo.1bookshelfboxis60Hz～20KHz±2.5dB,and60Hzrepresentstheextensionvalueofthespeakerinthelowfrequencydirection.Thelowerthenumber,thebetterthelow-frequencyresponseofthespeaker:20KHzrepresentsthehigh-frequencyextensionvaluethatthespeakercanachieve.Thehigherthenumber,thebetterthehigh-frequencycharacteristics.Thesuffix±2.5dBindicatesthemagnitudeofthedistortionintheabove-mentionedfrequencyrange.Thesmallerthedistortion,theflatterthefrequencyresponsecurve.Somespeakersaremarkedwithadistortiondegreeof±3dB,andtheirfrequencyrangeshouldbecomewider.Somespeakersdonotindicatethisindex,thefrequencyextensionrangewillbecomeverywide.Forexample,iftheNo.1compassboxdoesnotindicatethatthedistortioniscontrolledwithinplusorminus2.5decibels,thefrequencyrangecanbemarkedas40Hz～23KHz.Itshouldbepointedoutthatitismeaninglessnottomarkthefrequencyrangeofthedistortiondegree.Ifthemanufacturerknowinglycommitsthecrime,itcanonlybesuspectedofhavingbadintentionsanddeliberatelydeceivingconsumers.Atthesametime,italsoshowsthatthespeakerindicatorsarenotstandardized,andthemanufacturerlacksconfidenceintheirproducts,anditisdifficultforpeopletobuywithconfidence.

Thecarryingpowerisareferenceindicatorofthespeaker.Itisexpressedinwatts.Thisindicatordoesnotindicatethequalityofthespeaker,butonlyprovidesareferencefortheselectionofapoweramplifier:forexample,apairofspeakersThecarryingpowerismarkedas10~200W,whichmeansthatthepoweramplifierrequiredtodrivethespeakermusthaveanoutputpowerofatleast10W,butitisforbiddentouseanamplifiergreaterthan200Wforfullpoweroutput.Otherwise,theremaybeconcernsaboutburningthebox.Generallyspeaking,homespeakerswillneverhavethefearofbeingunabletopushthem.Thereareonlyquestionsaboutwhethertheyaregoodornot.Thecarryingpoweroflessthan200wattsismuchmorethanthatofordinaryhouseholds.Donotdeliberatelypursuetoohigh..

Anotherindicatorofthespeakeristheimpedancevalue,whichisgenerally8Ωasitsnominalvalue.Theimpedancevalueofmosttwo-waybookshelfboxesis8Ω.Itisamulti-unitandmulti-frequencyfloortype.Therearealso6Ωand4Ωspeakers.Thesmallertheimpedancevalue,thegreaterthecurrentthatneedstobedriven,andtherequiredpoweramplifierpoweriscorrespondinglyhigher.Inmyopinion,itisbettertochooseabetteramplifierwith8Ωimpedanceforhomespeakers.

Identificationofsubwooferspeakers

Thequalityofsubwooferspeakersdirectlydeterminesthefrequencyresponserangeofthespeakersandthequalityofthebasseffect.Fromtheperspectiveofspeakerconedesign,thecurrentmarketmainlyincludesmaterialssuchas"dialysispapercone","gluedpapercone","bullet-proofmaterialwovencone","woolwovencone"and"CDfilm".Theadvantageof"dialysispapercone"islowcost,butthedisadvantageisthatthelowfrequencyappearsstrongwhenthepoweristoohigh,andthedurabilityispoor;the"gluedpapercone"alsohastheadvantageoflowprice,andthedurabilityisslightlybetter,anditisalsonotsuitableForhigh-poweruse;thesetwotypesofproductsareokayforgeneralenthusiasts,buttheyaredefinitelynotprofessionalenough.Theadvantageofthe"bullet-prooffabricfiberwovenbasin"isthatthebassisstrongandpowerful,andithasoutstandingperformanceonrockmusicandpercussion.Itissuitableforuseasthemainspeakerinahigh-poweramplifier.Thedisadvantageisthattheproductionprocessiscomplicatedandthepriceisnaturallynotcheap;Theadvantageof"Pen"isthatitisidealforsoftmusicsuchaslightmusic,andissuitableforuseinthemid-bassrange.Thedisadvantageisthatthebassperformanceisnotstrongenoughandthesenseofstrengthisalsoinferior;"CDfilm"isanewproductonthemarket,asacomparisonExcellentwooferloudspeakermaterial,itsperformanceinallaspectsisobvioustoall,butbecauseithasnotbeenacceptedbymanymanufacturers,thespeakersmadeofthiskindofloudspeakerarerare.

Theinfluenceofmaterialsonquality

Thematerialsusedinthespeakersaremainlydividedintoplasticcabinetsandwoodencabinets.Materialthicknessandqualityaredirectlyrelatedtothecostofthespeaker,andalsoaffecttheperformanceofthespeaker.Thegreaterthematerialdensityofthespeakershell,thesmallerthevibrationgeneratedbythecabinetwhenthesoundisemitted,especiallyforactivespeakerswithhigh-poweramplifiers,andthethicknessoftheplateisastrongguaranteeforachievingthesuperbasseffecttoacertainextent.Therefore,thebasseffectofplasticspeakerscannotbeflattered.Obviously,low-endaudioproductsmustbeplasticcases.Butmustthemid-rangespeakersbemadeofwood?Theanswerisno.Speakersofthisgradearemadeofwoodandplastic-casedimitatedwood,butsomeimitationshavereachedtheleveloffakeandreal.Themid-to-high-endproductsaredefinitelymadeofwood,buttheuseofmedium-densityboardsormulti-layerboardswillalsohavedifferenteffectsonthesoundquality.Eveniftheselectedboardisthesame,theoutputpoweristhesame,andthesoundqualityofdifferentdesignstructuresanddifferentcabinetsizesmaystillbeverydifferent.However,somespeakersuseplasticcabinets,buttheyarealsooutstanding.Forexample,CREATIVE'sSoundworksspeakersnotonlyuseaplasticshell,butalsohaveasmallsize.Thefirstimpressionisnothingspecial,butafterauditionandcomparison,Itfeelsreallyextraordinary.Boththetoneandthesoundqualityhavereachedaprofessionallevel.Thebassisalsoverypowerful,andofcoursethepriceisnotcheap.

Selectremarks

First,payattentiontowhetherthesoundoutputofthespeakersiseven.Sincethesoundsourceofmultimediamusicismainlygamesandgeneralmusic,theproportionofbassLarger,smallertrebleratio.

Secondly,payattentiontothelocalizationabilityofthesoundfield.Theabilityofspeakerpositioningisdirectlyrelatedtotheon-siteeffectofusersplayinggamesandwatchingDVDmovies.

Third,attentionshouldbepaidtothedynamicamplificationlimitofthespeakerfrequencydomain,thatis,whentheuserincreasesthevolumeofthespeakerandexceedsacertainlimit,whetherthespeakercanstillmaintainauniformsoundsourcesignalamplificationcapabilityinthefullrange.

Fourth,payspecialattentiontowhetherthespeakercabinethasresonance.Generallyspeaking,aspeakerwithathincabinetoraplasticenclosurewillresonatewhenoutputtingalargevolumeinthelowfrequencyrangebelow200Hz.Thepresenceofcabinetresonancewillseriouslyaffecttheoutputsoundquality,sousersshouldtrytheirbesttochoosespeakerswithwoodenenclosureswhenchoosingspeakers.

Fifth,payattentiontowhetherthecaseisanti-magnetic.Becausethedisplayisverysensitivetothesurroundingmagneticfield,ifthemagneticfieldofthespeakerislarge,theimageonthescreenwillbeaffected,andeventhelifeofthedisplaywillbereduced,soyoumustpayspecialattentionwhenchoosing.

Sixth,payattentiontotheairtightnessofthespeakercabinet.Becausethebettertheairtightnessofthespeaker,thebettertheoutputsoundquality.Theairtightnesscheckmethodisverysimple.Theusercanputhishandoutsidetheinvertedholeofthespeaker.Ifthereisobviousairrushingoutorsuckingin,itmeansthattheairtightperformanceofthespeakerisgood.

Maintenance

Thespeakerisanimportantpartoftheentireaudiosystem,andthevalueisabouthalfoftheentiresystem,soitmustbetreatedproperly.

①Avoidplacingitinaplacewhereitisexposedtodirectsunlight,notnearheatradiatingappliances,suchasstoves,heatingpipes,etc.,anddonotplaceitinadampplace.

②Beforeconnectingthespeakertotheamplifier,cutoffthepoweroftheamplifiertoavoiddamagetothespeaker.

③Thefeederconnectionwiththeamplifiershouldbesecure,anditshouldnotbedroppedwhenpulled,andthepositiveandnegativepolarityshouldnotbeconnectedwrongly.Thefeederconnectingtheloudspeakershouldbethickenoughandnottoolongtoavoidlossanddeteriorationofdamping.Deviatefromthemaximumfrequencyresponseof±0.5dB(themaximumlengthof0.75mm2wireis9cm,themaximumlengthof1.5mm2wireis14m,andthemaximumlengthof2.0mm2wireis21m.

④Payattentiontowhethertheimpedanceofthespeakerissuitablefortherecommendedvalueoftheamplifier.

⑤Donotusebeyondtheratedpower.Otherwise,thesoundqualitywilldeteriorate,orevendamagethespeaker.

⑥Theshellshouldbewipedwithasoft,drycottoncloth.Donotapplyfurniturewax,benzene,orbenzene.Alcoholsubstances.

⑦Thedustonthesurfaceofthespeakercanonlyberemovedwithasoftbrush,notavacuumcleaner.

⑧Thespeakershouldbeplacedonafirm,sturdyfloortoavoidBassattenuation.Donotplacethespeakertooclosetothewall.

⑨Donotplacethespeakertooclosetotheturntable,soasnottogenerateacousticfeedbackandcausehowling.

⑩Ifleveladjustmentisprovided,Canbeadjustedtosatisfythesoundplaybackaccordingtotherequirementsofthelistener.

Faultanalysis

Thespeakersystemisoneoftheimportantcomponentsofaudioequipment,usuallyconsistingofspeakers,crossovers,andcabinets.,Sound-absorbingmaterials,etc.Thefailurerateofthespeakersystemislow,andthetypesoffailuresarefew.Thecommonfailuresareasfollows.

Nosound

1.Thespeakerwireisbrokenorthefrequencydividerisabnormal.Afterthespeakerwireisbroken,thespeakerunithasnoexcitationvoltage,whichwillcauseasilentfailure.Thefrequencydividerisgenerallynoteasytobreak,buttheleadconnectormaybedisconnected,thefrequencydividercapacitorshortcircuitandotherfaultsmayoccur./p>

2.Thevoicecoilisbroken.Youcanuseamultimetertomeasurethespeakerlead-outwireweldinglug,iftheresistancevalueis∞,useaknifetoscrapeoffthepaintonbothendsofthevoicecoiltoexposethebarecopperwireRe-test,ifitstilldoesnotwork,itmeansthatthevoicecoilisbroken;ifthemeasurementisconnectedandthereissound,itmeansthatthevoicecoilleadisbroken.Solderthewire,andthenuseanotherpieceofenameledwireclosetothevoicecoil.Properly.

3.Thespeakerwireisbroken.Duetothefrequentvibrationofthespeakercone,thebraidedwireiseasytobreak,andsometimesthewireisbroken,butthecottoncorewireisstillconnected.Thiskindofbraidedwireisnoteasytobuy,Canbereplacedbyaslightlylongerflexiblewire.

4.Thevoicecoilisburntout.UseamultimetertomeasurethespeakerleadattheR×1gear.Iftheresistanceiscloseto0Ωandthereisnosound,itmeansthevoicecoilisburnedout.ReplacethesoundBeforecoiling,removethedebrisinthemagneticgapfirst,thencarefullyputthenewvoicecoilintothemagneticgap,rightthevoicecoil,andfixtheupperandlowerpositionsofthevoicecoilwithsupergluewhilelistening.Afterthevoicecoilisplacedinthebestposition,Usesupergluetofillthegapbetweenthevoicecoilandthepaperconetoabouthalf,andfinallysealthedustcover,andputthespeakerconeup,anditcanbeusednormallyafteroneday.

SoundSometimesno

1.Thespeakerleadisbad.Itisusuallycausedbymoldbreakageorpoorweldingofthevoicecoillead.Whentheconevibratesfrequently,thebreakpointswillbeconnectedanddisconnectedfromtimetotime.Ifitsoundsirregularly,itwillnotsoundandmalfunction.

2.Theleadwireofthevoicecoilisbrokenorabouttobeshort-circuited.

3.TheoutputjackofthepoweramplifierisinpoorcontactorthespeakerTheinputwireisdisconnected.

1.Theperformanceofthespeakerispoor,andthemagnetismofthemagneticsteelisreduced.Thesensitivityofthespeakermainlydependsonthemagnetismofthepermanentmagnet,thequalityofthepaperconeandthequalityoftheassemblyprocess.Ferromagneticobjectscanbeusedtotouchthemagneticsteel,andthestrengthofthemagneticsteelcanberoughlyestimatedaccordingtothesizeoftheattractiveforce.Ifthemagnetismistooweak,thespeakercanonlybereplaced.

2.Themagneticcorepinisloose.Whenthemagneticconductivecoreofthespeakerisloose,itwillbeattractedtoonesidebythemagneticconductiveplate,causingthevoicecoiltobesqueezedtohindernormalsoundproduction.Whenoverhauling,youcanlightlypressthepaperconewithyourhand.Ifyoucan'tpressit,itmaybethatthevoicecoilispressedbythecorepost,anditcanbeusedonlyafteritneedstobedisassembledandre-fixed.

3.Thedividerisabnormal.Whenthereisadefectivecomponentinthefrequencydivider,thesignalofthecorrespondingfrequencybandisblocked,andthespeakerofthisfrequencybandhasasmallvolumefailure.Shouldfocusoncheckingwhetherthecrossovercapacitorinparallelwiththewooferisshort-circuited,andwhetherthecrossoverinductancecoilinparallelwiththetweeterisshort-circuitedbetweenlayers.

Abnormalsound

1.Thereisdebrisinthemagneticgap.Ifdebrisentersthemagneticgap,thevoicecoilwillrubagainstthedebriswhenvibrating,resultinginunnaturalsound.

2.Voicecoilwipecore.Thepositionofthevoicecoilisnotcorrect,anditrubsagainstthemagneticcore,causingsounddistortion.Correctthepositionofthevoicecoilorreplacethevoicecoilduringmaintenance.

3.Thepaperconeisbroken.Thepaperconeshouldbereplacedifthedamagedareaislarge,andthesmallerdamagedareacanberepairedwithathinnerpaperconeorothertougherpaper.

4.Thecabinetisbad.Poorsealingofthecabinetorimproperinstallationofthedecorativenetcover,etc.,willcausecrackingsoundduringplayback.Inaddition,ifthecabinetplateistoothin,itwillcauseresonanceandabnormalsound.

Lifetimemaintenance

Howlongisthelifeofthespeakers?Thisisaproblemthatmanypeopleareconcernedabout.Normaluseshouldbesaidtobenoproblemfor15years,anditwilltakelongerifthemaintenanceisgood.,SuchasBrotherSanxian,yourpairofJinlang907Be,aslongasitiswellmaintained,youwillnothaveanyproblemsafterusingitfor20years.ThereareNpairsofspeakersthathavebeenusedformorethan15yearsinmyself-madespeakers,andtheyarestillinnormaluse.Butwhydosomespeakersbreakafterbeingusedforafewyears?Thishasalottodowithuseandmaintenance.BelowIwillbrieflydescriberelatedissuessuchasspeakers:

Thespeakersaremainlycomposedofspeakerunits,frequencydividers,cabinets,inverterholes,terminals,wires,etc.Fromtheperspectiveofmaintenance,Thefirstthreeitemsaremajor,andthelastthreeitemsareminor.

1.Speakerunit.Themainstructureofthespeakerunitiscomposedofchokering,soundcone,fixedcoresupportpiece,magneticcircuit(includingmagnet,Tiron,voicecoil),basinframe,etc.,andtheservicelifeofthespeakerisaffectedexceptthatthevoicecoilisburnedbyabnormaluse.It'sthechokeringandcone.Chokering:Theorderofthelifeofthechokeringmaterialisclothedge,rubber-plasticcompositeedge,siliconerubberedge,foamedge...Themoreeasilydamagedisthefoamedge(forexample,JBLhasaLXseriesspeaker).Becauseofthefoamedgespeakerunit,itwillbebrokenandalmostscrappedin3-5yearsofnormaluse.IhelpedmyfriendrepairNsuchspeakers.,Withoutexception,thefoamfoldringisdamaged.Ofcourse,thematerialcompositionandproductionprocessofthefoamedgearedifferent,andthelifespanwillalsobedifferent.Thesecondthingistocountthesiliconerubberedges.Theoriginaldomestic"Feilo"basslikestousethischokering.Itsdisadvantageisthatiftheprocessisimproper,thetimeislong,itiseasytoageandproduceinertdeformationandmoire,whichaffectstheuse.Nowadaysspeakermanufacturersstillwidelyusesiliconerubberchokeringsandrubber-plasticchokerings.

Thechokeringthatgreatlyprolongsthelifeofthespeakerunitisaclothsidechokering.Itismostlyusedinprofessionalspeakers,butitisalsousefulincivilianproducts,suchasthe12-inchbassproducedinNanjing.ThespeakerYD315-8busesaclothedgechoke.

2.Soundcone.Thesoundconeadoptsavarietyofmaterialformsintheuseofthespeakerunit:itsbulletproofcloth,fiberwovencone,PPcone,micapolypropylenecone,aluminum-magnesiumalloyconeandotherproblemsarenotbig,mainlypaper-basedorpaper-based.Compositebasins,duetothepresenceofproteinfibers,arealmostinevitablyerodedbymoldinthehumidareasofthesouth,thatis,ourcommonmoldspotsandwhitespotsareaheadache.Thesoundofthisconeissoftandpure,anditishighlyfavoredbyspeakermanufacturers.Forexample,"JBL"intheUnitedStates,"Wefa"inDenmark,and"Siyas"inNorwayallproducealargenumberofpaper-basedorpaper-basedcompositeconespeakers.Sohowtomaintainit,especiallyforhigh-endspeakersMaintenanceisofgreatconcerntoenthusiasts.

3.Basinframe:Therearetwokindsofmaterialsforthebasinframe,namely,thinironstampingbasinframeandaluminumbasinframe.Ofcourse,thereareothermaterials,suchasnylonplasticbasinframe(Aopu802andSiyaH545).Basinframe.Mostoftheimportedanddomestichigh-endloudspeakerunitsusealuminumframe,whichhashighstrengthandsuperiorseismicperformance,whichismuchbetterthanordinarystampedironframe.Butthesmall-caliberunitdoesn'tmatter.Andthecenteringbrackets(ie,yellowboards)arealllinenproductsproducedbyaspecialprocess,aslongastheyarenotdegummed,thereisnothingtosay.

4.Magnets:Magnetsarealmostmaintenance-free,buttherewillbealittlelossofmagnetismovertime,buttheoverallperformancewillnotbegreatlyaffected.Atmost,thesensitivityisslightlyreduced,butitisonlyminimal.Theantimagnetichornisbetterthanordinarynon-antimagneticconditions.many.

Maintenanceofspeakersandspeakerunits

1.Thecabinetisbesttobemadeoflogs.High-wearandhigh-strengthpaintproductsforexteriordecorationarebetter,butrelativelyrare;mostofthemareexteriorwood-grainpaperorveneerwithhigh-densitymachine-madeboards(ifthereisnopaintontheexterior,itisrecommendedRepaintNtimes).Thelocationshouldbeinadryroom,avoiddirectsunlightasmuchaspossible,andneverplaceitinadampplacetopreventthehigh-densitymachine-madeboardfromswellingduetodampness,whichistroublesome.Anddon’tleavethespeakerunusedforalongtime,useitatleast1-3timesamonth,anduseitformorethananhoureachtime,otherwiseitwillbringalotoftroubles,suchasstaticfatigueofthematerial,leakageofthenon-polarelectrolyticcapacitorinthefrequencydivider,etc.Itaffectsthenormalworkattheslightestdegree,andaffectsitslifespanattheworst.

2.Themaintenanceofthespeakerunit,(whetheritisinthecabinetoranewlypurchasedspeakerunit.)

(1)Carefullyremovethespeakerunitinthefinishedproductbox.Markthepositionwithanoil-basedpenonthehornsothatitcanberesetandinstalledaftermaintenance.

(2)Prepareaboxofimportedcarwax(usedonimportedbrandcars)andapplyitevenlyontheupperandlowerTironsofthemagneticsteel.Generally,thisTironismadeofgalvanizediron.Ifthepotholderisanironpotholder,itmustbetreatedinthesameway,sothatthewaxisattachedtoit,anddon'twipeitoff,whichcanpreventitfrombeingrustedforNyears.

(3)Thetwoparabolicbraidedsoftcopperwiresthatleadthespeakerunitfromthesoundcoiltotheterminalmustalsobecoatedwithwax,anduseyourfingerstomakeitevenlybackandforth,anddonotwipeitoff.Ifthepreventiontimeislong,theleadwirebecomesblackandbecomeslesselastic,whichaffectsthework.

(4)Ifthepaper-basedorpaper-basedcompositebasinhasmildewspotsandwhitespots,pleaseuseamedicalalcoholcottonballtowipeitcarefullyandquicklyfromtheback(thealcoholcottonballshouldbetwistedhalfdryandhalfwet,nottooIfitiswet,itwillnotseeptothesurfaceofthecone).Iftherearemildewspotsonthesurface,youcanonlyuse40-45°warmwater,addafewhandsanitizershampoos,andwipewithacleansofttoweldippedinwaterandwrungout.Donotrubitrepeatedly.Donotrubitwithalcoholorothervolatileorganicsolvents.

(5)Afterthehigh-endspeakersarethoroughlycooked(usually1-3months),usethemforaperiodoftime,abouthalfayeartoayear,andthenremovethemid-bassunitonthespeakers(Don’tmovethetrebleanymore)Rotatethe180-degreepositionandinstallitagain(thefirstmaintenancehasbeenmarked,thistimeyouonlyneedtoinstallitupsidedown)tomakethespeakermorebalancedundertheinfluenceofitsowngravity.Thereisnoneedtoreplenishwax,ifnecessary,replenishit.

(6)Maintenanceofthefrequencydivider.Firstlookatthefrequencydivider.Thereisacapacitorconnectedinseriestothetweeter.Isitahigh-qualityMKPfrequencydividercapacitor(thegeneralcapacityandwithstandvoltageare2.2-6.8uf/100-400v,Thecapacityisdifferentdependingonthecrossoverpoint),ifitisused,don'tmoveit,otherwise,youmustreplaceitwithahigh-qualityMKPcrossovercapacitoranyway.Brandssuchas"Sulun"inFrance,"Weimar"inGermanyor"MIT"intheUnitedStatescannotonlyguaranteethereproductionofthetone,butalsomakeitdifficulttodamagethetweeterduetothesmallleakagecurrent.

Afterthefrequencydividerischanged,applyalayerofwaxevenlyonthereversesideoftheprintingplatewithcarwax.Orifpossible,it’sbettertousequick-dryinginsulatingvarnishtobrushtwice,sotheeffectwillbebetter.Myself-madefrequencydividersareallbrushedwithquick-dryinginsulatingvarnish,andthesecondtimeisenoughtopreventcopperoxidefrombeingoxidized.Greenrustandblackening.

Theaboveisonlypersonalmaintenanceexperience.Forthosewholackhands-onexperience,theymustpayattentiontoaction,especiallywhendisassemblingimportedfinishedspeakers.Inadditiontoremovingscrews,specialtoolsarerequiredforactualoperation.Quitehigh,itisbesttohavetwopeoplecooperatewhendisassembling.Inaword,ifthespeakersareusedproperlyandproperlymaintained,thereisnoprobleminusingthemfor15yearsormore.

PracticalTechniques

Replayingthebass

Replayingthebassisaverytrickything,itaddsalotoftroubletospeakerdesignersandaudiophiles.Butthisisalsoachallenge,andthepotentialrewardsfullyprovethatitisworthwhiletoworkhardtoimprovebassreproduction.

Thecoreoftheproblemisthatspeakersdonotoperateinanisolatedenvironment,butmanyspeakerdesignersandHI-FIaudioenthusiastsoftenignorethis.Designersalwaysrelyonisolationfromtheactualenvironment.Anechoicroomtodeveloptheirproducts.Practicehasprovedthatthereisaveryclosemutualinfluencebetweenthesoundqualityoftheloudspeakerandtheactuallisteningroom,andthisrelationshipisparticularlycloseinthehomeenvironment.Asweallknow,thefrequencyrangeofhumanearsisapproximatelyfromthelowesttoneof20Hztothehighesttoneof20000Hz,anditsspanisabout10octaves.ThecentralCtoneofthepianoislocatedinthefourthoctavefromthelowesttone.central.Therefore,thelowrangeitselfisalmostlimitedtothelowestoctave(20Hz~40Hz)andthesecondoctaveabove(40~80Hz),althoughpurelowfrequencyisnotindispensableinordinaryspeech.Butitplaysanimportantroleincreatingtherealismandintensityofmusic.

Ifyoudon’tusesubwoofersandrelyentirelyonordinaryspeakerstocreatebass,thiskindofspeakersisnotonlybulky,butalsoverypower-consuming.Subwooferspeakershavemanyadvantages,suchassmallsize,unobtrusiveplacementindoors,andtheirownamplifiersandfiltersinthebox,sotherearenoadditionalrequirementsforthesystem,andsoon.Thereisasubwooferdedicatedtoreproducingbassinthesystem,andsmallerspeakerscanbeusedforotherchannels.Theconfigurationanduseoftheentiresystemaremoreflexibleandconvenient.Generallyspeaking,creatingbassrequirestheuseoflargerspeakers,butaslongasapairofordinarysmallspeakersareplacedonthewall,itisenoughtoextendthereproducedsoundtotheheavybassrange.Partofthereasonisthatitisplacedonthewalltohelpboostthebassof50Hz~100Hz,andtheotherpartisthatthe“standingwaveresonance”causedbytheshapeandsizeoftheroomprovidesa“roomgaineffect”.Thecommonproblemofmostcommerciallyavailablesubwoofersisthatthelow-endroll-offfrequencycannotbeextendedbelow50Hz,anditsfrequencyresponsecannotbeideallymatchedwithordinaryspeakersofotherchannels,andpartoftheirfrequencyresponseoftenconstitutesaharmfuloverlapphenomenon..

Theinfluenceofstandingwave

Everyroom,whetheritisaconcerthallorthelivingroomofanordinaryfamily,hasastandingwavephenomenon,whichisthemainsourceofbassreproductionproblems.Thefrequencyofthestandingwaveiscloselyrelatedtothesizeoftheroom.Inaconcerthallwithalargeindoorspace,thestandingwavefrequencyoccursinthestrongestbasszoneandinfrasoundzone,whichislowerthanthelowestfrequencyofthebassinstrument,soitwillnotadverselyaffectthebassreproduction.However,inthesmalllivingroomofanordinaryfamily,duetothesmallsizeandspaceoftheroom,thestandingwavefrequencygeneratedwillbehigherandenterthebassareaof​​themusic,andoverlapwiththelatter,makingthesoundqualityworse.Whilethestandingwaveprovides"roomgain",italsomakesthefrequencyresponseofthelowfrequencyrangeveryuneven,thatis,itbooststheresponseofsomefrequenciesandcancelstheresponseofsomeotherfrequencies.Inaddition,differentroomshavedifferentstandingwavemodes,anditisrelatedtomanyfactorssuchaswallmaterials,furnishings,listeningpositionandspeakerplacementintheroom,anditisdifficulttoaccuratelypredictit.

Createbassintheroom

Everyoneknowsthatinordertomakealoudspeakerproducesound,itmustusethevibrationoftheconetomovetheairmolecules,andarousethefrequencyandthevibrationfrequencyoftheconeintheair.Thesamesoundwave.Duetothelongwavelengthofthebass,thevibratingareaof​​thewooferconeisalsolarge.Therefore,toproducestrongbassindoors,theconemustmovealargenumberofairmoleculesperunitoftime.Forthispurpose,thesubwooferusuallyadoptsaconewithalargediaphragmandasmallstrokeoraconewithasmalldiaphragmandalargestroke.Thelatter'ssoundconehasasmallcaliber,whichisconducivetoreducingthevolumeoftheentirewoofer,andhastheadvantagesofhighpowerandhighloudness,andhasbecomethemainstreamofmodernsubwoofers.

However,thesubwooferisinstalledinahugespeaker,althoughitcanreproducesomeshockingexplosionsandlandslidesandotherspecialsoundeffectsinthemovie,butyouarelisteningtothemusicAttimes,high-intensityheavybasswithheavyamplificationcanmakepeoplefeelveryunpleasant.Inaddition,researchandpracticalresultshaveprovedthatmakingthesubwooferlouderthanotherspeakersinthesystemdoesnothavemuchpracticalmeaning.Thesearethereasonswhymodernsubwoofersaresmallerinsize.

Positioningandconnection

Theinherentvariabilityandunpredictabilityofindoorstandingwavesmakepeoplehavenochoicebuttotoleratethem.Althoughsomecomputersoftwareprovidessomeinterestingmethodsforcontrollingstandingwaves,itcannotcompletelysolvethestandingwaveproblem.Fortunately,thewavelengthofthebassismuchlargerthanthesizeofanordinaryroom,andthebassisactuallynotdirectional.Utilizingthisfeature,theaverageuseronlyneedstouseaseparatesubwoofer,andcangetalmostunlimitedfreedomtotestthebestplacementofthesubwooferintheroom.Althoughitsplacementisnotasimportantasthemainspeakers,differentplacementsstillhavedifferentsoundeffects.Thefollowingdescribestheplacementofthreesubwooferspeakers,eachhasitsownadvantagesanddisadvantages,readerscanchooseaccordingtotheexperimentalresults.

Placethesubwooferinthecornerofthewall.Thismethodhelpstoavoidthesoundreflectionsintheroom,andmakesthereproducedsoundappearmorepowerfulandclear.Butatthistime,theindoormodegetsstrongerexcitation,whichwillmakethebassresponsebecomenotflatenough.Sincethesubwooferisthefarthestfromthelisteningpositionintheentiresystem,thebassheardwillbeslightlydelayedthanthesoundofthemainspeaker.Whenplaced,thesubwoofershouldbekeptatleast10cmawayfromthewall.

Placethesubwooferandthemainspeakeronthesameline.Atthistime,thedistancebetweenthesubwooferspeakerandthemainspeakerisequaltothelisteningposition,sothedirectsoundfromthethreespeakersalmostreachesthelistener'searsatthesametime,andthereisnotimedifference.Thedisadvantageofthispositioningistheincreaseinindoorreflections,andthesedelayedreflectionswillreducetheresolutionofthereproducedsound.

Placethesubwooferclosetothelisteningarea.Thismethodisworthatry,especiallyforsomeroomswhereitisdifficulttogetthebestsoundeffect,becauseitminimizestheexcitationoftheindoormode,andgreatlyshortensthedirectsoundtransmissionpathandthebassreachingthelistener’sears.Time,butatthesametimeitalsomakestheindoorreflectedsoundmoremixed.

Anotherunscientificpositioningmethodistofirstplacethesubwooferontheseatwhereyouusuallylistenandletitplaymusic,thenmoveslowlyarounditandlistentothemusiccarefullyatthesametimeUntilyoufindthepointwiththebestbassquality.Thispointisthebestplacetoputthesubwoofer,andfinallyputitthere.

Inadditiontotwosetsofhigh-level(speakerlevel)outputterminalsconnectedtotheleftandrightmainchannelspeakers,themodernhometheaterAVamplifieralsohasalow-level(linelevel)outputTerminal,theactivesubwooferhasacorrespondinginputterminal.Inordertomakethesystemhavethebestsoundeffectwhenplayingmusicandmovieprograms,inadditiontoconnectingthetwosetsofspeakerlevelinputterminalsofthesubwoofertothecorrespondingoutputterminalsoftheAVamplifier,thelinelevelofthetwoshouldalsobeconnected.Theterminalsarealsoconnectedcorrespondingly.Theadvantageofthisconnectionisthatthebasscanbeeffectivelyenhancedwhenthesystemisplayingtwodifferentprograms,two-channelstereomusicand5.1-channelmovies.

Commonterms

Input——Lineinput,generallyreferstoconnectingtheoutputoftheguitarorbassaudiocablehere

Volume——Adjustthevolume;

Equalizer——Equalizer,usedtoadjustfrequencycompensationandattenuation

Bass——Lowfrequency(usuallyboostorattenuatethesoundinthefrequencybandaround100Hz)

Middle——Middlefrequency(usuallyboostorattenuatethesoundinthefrequencybandaround500-2000Hz)

Treble——Highfrequency(usuallyboostorattenuatethesoundinthefrequencybandaround10000Hz)

ToneShift——ToneConversion

Overdrive——Overdrive;

Gain——Gain

OverdriveContour——OverdriveContour

Level——Level;

PowerDimension——Powerdegree

Reverb——Reverberation;

LineOut——Lineoutput

Phones-connectheadphones

Fuse-fuse.

Historyofdevelopment

Sincemankindhasdreams,wehavebeenworkinghard,hopingthatonedaywecankeepthosenaturalsounds,hidetheminourarms,andevenplaythemrepeatedly.Thisprocessfromanticipationtoexperimentationtofinallyfulfillingone'swishistheprocessofhumanbeing'sgradualexplorationandgradualgrowthintheexplorationofelectricityandsound.

ElectrostaticSpeaker:

Inordertobettertellthestoryofhumanelectroacoustichistory,wehaveThehumanvoicewastransmittedtothedistant"telephone"andbegantotalk.Morethanahundredyearsago,onFebruary14,1876,AlexanderGrahamBellproposedthemostimportantpatent"telephone"inhistory.Thisinventionallowedhumanvoicestoreachfartherplacesthanshouts.Sincethen,humanshavealsounderstoodtheconversionrelationshipbetweensoundandelectricity,andhavenevertiredofiteversince.

Inordertobetterplaybackandrecordtherecordedsound,in1910,S.G.Brownseparatedthedrivingforcefromthediaphragmandinventedthe"armature"armatureheadset.

Balancedarmatureheadset:

Andin1910,Baldwininventedthe"balancedarmature"balancedarmatureheadset.Armatureearphonesareequippedwithamovableironsheet(armature)inthemiddleofaU-shapedmagnet.Whenthecurrentflowsthroughthecoil,thearmaturewillbemagnetizedandrepelledbythemagnet,andatthesametimedrivethediaphragmtomove.Thiskindofdesignislow-cost,andalthoughtheeffectisnotgood,itwasalsoanepoch-makinginventionatthetime.Thistechnologyismostlyusedintelephonebarrelsandsmallearphones.

Bythemid-1930s,electrostaticspeakerswereintroducedbasedontheprincipleofcondensermicrophones.Intheearly1950s,AmericanC.V.Bocciarelliproposedthe"constantcharge"lawofconstantcharge.P.WalkerindependentlydevelopedthesametheoryduringthesameperiodandappliedittothefamousQuadelectrostaticspeakerdesign.