soul

ExplanationofChinesewords

Dictionaryexplanation

1.Culturalachievementsthatcaninfluenceorinspirefuturegenerations.

2.Theancientssaidthatthesoulisthethreesoulsandsevensoulsofthehumanbody.Aghostwithabodyisasoul,andasoulwithoutabodyisaghost.

Soul(2photos)

4.Noblecharacter.

5.Quality,maincontrol,maindirection,mainattribute,generallynotaffectedbyexternalforces.

6.Values​​thatcanberecognizedbyusersintheproduct

7.Referstolifeingeneral.

8.Itreferstothoughts,feelings,emotions,etc.

9.Thecoreofthings.

10.Itreferstospirit.

11.Itreferstopersonality,conscience,andcharacter.

12.Itisametaphorforthedominantanddecisivefactorinthings.

Explanationbyquotation

1. Superstitionbelievesthatitisanimmaterialthingattachedtothehumanbodyasamaster.Peopledieafterthesoulleavesthebody."SongsoftheChu·NineChapters·Sorrow":"ThedesireofQiang'ssoulreturns,whydon'tyouforgetitforawhile."HanCaiyong"ChenLiuPrefectHuGongStele":"Thesoulwanders,thesavagelookiscaught.""ErMoPaiAnSurprise"VolumeTwoandThree:"XingNiangWuer,yourhusbandishere,yoursoulisnotfaraway,andyoudon’tknowityet?"

2. Referstolife.Chapter5ofYeZi's"Star":"Sheisveryunwillingtoleavethisweaksoulaloneintheworldtoreceivethetramplingofthoseferociouspeople."

3. Referstospirit,thoughts,feelings,etc.QingQiujin's"SongoftheTreasureKnife":"ThesongoftheTreasureKnifestrengthensthecourage,andthesoulofthedeadcountryevokesmore."BaJin"CapriceRecords·TheRoleofLiterature":"Literaryworkscanproducesubtleandsoul-shapingeffects."WeiWei"Whoisthecutestperson":"Howbeautifulandbroadtheirsoulsare."

4. Referstopersonalityandconscience.QuQiubai"TheSecretofSellingtheSoul":"FromtheperspectiveoftheChinesepeople,thisistheonlysecretofsellingthesoul."

5. AmetaphorforthingsThedominantanddecisivefactorintheZhouEnlai"PoliticalWorkoftheAnti-JapaneseArmy":"Revolutionarypoliticalworkbasedonrevolutionismisthelifelineandsoulofallrevolutionarytroops!"Act4ofRenDeyao's"SmallFootballTeam":"Youareourteam'sThesoul,thekeytoscore."

Religiousviews

Christianity

EarlyChristianitydividedthesoulinto"spirits"(GreekThewordpneuma)andthe"soul"(Greekwordpsyche)aretwoparts:"soul"(thatis,lifeforce)isfleshandblood,andalllivingthingshave;"spirit"(theuniquemanifestationofhumanbeingssuchaswisdomorreason)comesfromheaven,Onlyhumanshave.Therefore,thereisasayingthat"humanbeingsarethespiritofallthings"inChristianareas.Theoriginalword"soul"(ieHebrewnepheshandGreekpsyche)intheoriginaltextoftheBibleshowsthatthebodyandthe"soul"arenotdivided,anditisdescribedthatthe"soul"isdying.

PrimitiveChristianitybelievesthatthesoulisnotimmortal,butthroughresurrection,itwilleventuallygotoheavenorhellwiththesameresurrectedbody.

Accordingtothedescriptionofthe"Bible",peoplereceiveGod’spreliminaryjudgmentafterdeath,exceptforthosewhorepentoftheirsinsandbelievethatJesusChrististheSaviorandarerebornandsavedcangodirectlytoheaven,ortheextremelyevilperson(Refusingtoacceptsalvationorresisting)willgodirectlyoutsidehell,usuallyinpurgatoryorsimilarplacestowaitfortheend,andthenhaveasecondjudgment.ThebodyofadeceasedbelievermaychangeandresemblethebodyoftheglorifiedJesus,soitdoesnotmatterifthesoulwilldie.DuetotheinfluenceofNeo-PlatonisminancientGreekphilosophy,theChristianfaithintheMiddleAgesdividedhumansintotwoparts-thesoulandthebody,whichareinseparableinlife.

ThemostwidespreadviewintheMiddleAgesisthatthesouliscreatedbyGod,andGodcreatesasoulforeachnewbody.ThisideaissupportedbytheReformedtraditionandCalvinism,andisalsoacceptedbytheCatholicChurch.Anotherviewisthatthesouloftheindividualisinheritedfromhisparents.

Buddhism

Infact,theBuddhismofrightfaithdoesnotaccepttheconceptofthesoul,becausethisItcannotbeestablishedintheory.Standingonthestandpointof"ImpermanenceofBirthandDeath",everythingisimpermanent.Thisistrueofthematerialworldandthespiritualworld.Whenlookingatthingswiththenakedeye,theillusionof"successbutnotchange"oftenoccurs.Ifyouusesophisticatedinstrumentstoseeanything,everythingchangesinaninstant.The"birth"mentionedintheBookofChangesisactuallybehindthebirth,Italsocontainsdeathanddeath,whichisthechangeofbirthanddeath.

Gairecognizestheexistenceofthesoul,whichisadvocatedbymanyreligions,philosophies,andsociology.Therearegreatdifferencesintermsofitscharacteristics,origin,andultimate.Therearethosewhoclaimthatitisequivalenttospiritormind.Forexample,theterm"soul-life"hasnodifferencewithspirituallife,mentallife,andothermeanings.ThosewhoadvocateSoulTheory,iftheyspeakoftherelationshipbetweenbodyandmind,arebasedondualism;iftheyspeakfromthebodyandrelationshipofspirit,theyarebasedonsubstantivetheory.Theemergenceofphenomenology,realism,andmaterialisminmodernphilosophygenerallyopposestheexistenceofreligioussoulsanddeniesthemasrealexistence.

Buddhismdoesnottalkaboutthedualityofsoulandbodyandthetheoryofimmortalityofthesoul.BecauseShizundoesnotanswerthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthesoulandthebody(thatis,thereisnorecord),thatis,deniestheideathatthesoulandthebodycanbecompletelydividedintotwo.Buddhismemphasizestheexistenceofthemindfromthesubjectofpractice;thisontologyisbasedonthepositionofthemindandmatter.Itdoesnotregardoneasanimmortalentityandtheotherasafalseappearanceofbirthanddeath,butratherBothmindandmatterareempty,andthereisnoself-natureavailable.However,whenthetheoryofreincarnationwasadoptedbyBuddhism,theissueofthesubjectofreincarnationhascausedmajorcontroversiesinthehistoryofBuddhism.color.(Referto'TheDebateontheIndestructibleGods'4257)

TheDebateontheIndestructibleGods

SinceBuddhismwasintroducedintoourcountry,totheSixDynasties,peoplewhobelievedinBuddhismTherearemanydisagreementswithcriticsofBuddhism.Amongthem,thetheoreticaldiscussiononthethemeofBuddhism'sreturntothewheeliscalledthecontroversyofimmortality.Firstofall,thosewhoadmitthattheBuddhistrebirthrespondersbelievethatafterapersondies,thesoulandconsciousnessthatresideinthebodywillnotdiewithit,butwillcontinuetoresideinanotherbody;andinthethirdworld,reincarnationisinthefiveorsixrealms.Intheprocess,onemustexperiencethegoodandevilkarmacorrespondingtowhatonehasdone.Onthecontrary,theannihilationistsstandonthestandoftraditionalChinesethinkinganddenythetheoryofthethreegenerations,therepayingofthereincarnation,andtheimmortalityofthemind,andtheythinkthatafterthedeathofaperson,themindwilldisappearwiththebody.

Thetheoryof"Godisimmortal"isfirstseeninthetheoryofconfusionmadebyWuRongintheThreeKingdomsperiod;however,themostrepresentativeoneisthepropositionofHuiyuanLushan(334-416)intheEasternJinDynasty.Shaman’sDisrespecttotheKinghasasayingthat“theformisfullofspirits,andthespiritisimmortal”.Therelationshipbetweenwoodandfireisusedasametaphorfortherelationshipbetweenformandmind.Itissaidthatmindandmindwillreincarnatefromoneformtoanotherandcontinuetoexist;likefire.Itburns,burnsoutonewoodandthenturnstoanotherwood.Huiyuan’sdiscipleZongBing(375～443)wrotethe"MingBuddhismTheory",revealingtheimmortalrighteousnessoftwogods:

(1)Reincarnationisimmortal;(2)DharmabodyThemeaningofhabitualresidence,or'dharmakaya,divineconsciousness,habitualresidence'isafusionoftheBuddha-naturetheoryofNirvanaSutraandTaoistthought,andBuddha-natureisregardedasthemindofemptinessandinactionintheidealrealmofTaoism.TheplacereferstotheDhammakaya)permanentresidence,whichmeansthatthemindisimmortal.

Inaddition,ZongBingconnectsthebodyconsciousnessofreincarnationwiththeconsciousnessofDharmabody,explainingthatpeoplegraduallygetridoftroublesintheprocessofreincarnation,andtheconsciousnessofreincarnationcanalsoreturntotheoriginalpureDharmabodyconsciousness;WhenapersonbecomesastatewithonlyDharmakayaanddivineconsciousness,apersonbecomesaBuddha.

Wearefrom(1)Shamenwhodisrespectstheking,Volume5;(2)HeChengtian(370～447)refutesShamenwhodisrespectsthekingandthebookofMingBuddhism;(3)HeChengtiantotheimmortalityofGodYanYanzhi's(384-456)bookletandotherdocumentsprovideabetterunderstandingofthequestioningsituationbetweentheannihilationistandtheimmortalist.

ScholarssaidthatthetheoryofannihilationoriginatedfromtraditionalChinesethinking.However,fromthepointofviewoftheimmortalists,thedenialoftheexistenceofsoulsandspiritsbytheannihilatorsisnodifferentfromConfucianism.ThetraditionofConfucianismisthatConfucianistspracticeancestraltempleritualsandself-confesstheexistenceofspirits;therefore,ifitisnotfortheexistenceofdivineconsciousnessafterdeath,itisopposedtotheConfucianorthodoxythattheybelievein.Inaddition,thegeneralcommentonthetheoryoftheimmortalityofgodsisthattheyregardtheconsciousnessofthereincarnationbodyandthesoulafterdeathasthesame.ThiskindofconfusionisduetothefactthattheconsciousnessofthereincarnationbodyisderivedfromtraditionalChineseconcepts.The"God"init.However,thistheoryofreincarnationontologicalconsciousnessiscontrarytotheBuddhism'stheoryofselflessness,whichdeniestheexistenceofsubstance.Insummary,thetheoryofimmortalityofgodsisnotbasedonacorrectunderstandingofBuddhism.ItisaspecialinterpretationmadebythepeopleofthecountrytomakeiteasierforthemtoacceptBuddhism'sretribution.

WhenEmperorWuofLiangintheSouthernDynasties,FanZhenwroteanessay"TheoryofGod'sDestruction",whicharousedfiercecontroversyamongscholars.Itadvocatesthatformandspiritareonebody,formisthequalityofgod,andgodisthefunctionofform;ifformperishes,godalsoperishes.Thisargumentnotonlydeniesthetheoryofsamsarakarma,butalsodeniestheexistenceofelves,ghostsandgods.Itisatypicalanti-Buddhisttheory,whichcausedmanypeoplewhobelievedinBuddhismatthattimetocriticizeit.Forexample,FanZhen’syoungerbrotherXiaoChen(476～513)wrotethe"TheoryofDifficultyandDestruction",CaoSiwenwrote"DifficultyintheBookofDivineDestructionofRighteousness",andShenYue's"DivineImmortalofRighteousness"and"DifficultyofDivineDestructionofRighteousness"byCaoSiwen.,EmperorWuofLiangwrote"TheStoryoftheEmperorLiang'sEstablishmentofGodsandtheBuddha'sRighteousness',"TheTheoryofEmperorLiang'sDedicationtotheDesires"andsoon.BecauseEmperorWuofLianghadadevoutbeliefinBuddhism,theBuddhistpoweratthattimewasprosperous,sohereactedfiercelytoFanZhen'stheoryofannihilation.Atthattime,theBuddhistbeliefswereunavoidablefromtheinfluenceofWeiJinXuan'sethos,andflowedinsuperstitionsandsuperstitions.FanZhenmadethetheoriesofdivinity,orsetouttopinpointthetimesandwinds,alertingtheworldtoadvocatingnatureandeliminatingsuperstitions.[HongmingCollectionVolume1toVolume5,Volume8toVolume10,GuanghongMingCollectionVolume22,HistoryofBuddhismintheHan,Wei,JinandSouthernandNorthernDynasties(TangYongtong)](Referto'SanjiaoLunheng'612)

Taoism

Taoism’sdescriptionofthesoulisunique,concreteandconstructive.Taoism’sviewofthesoulisbasedonlifemedicineandmystictheologyandanalyzesthecharacteristicsofthesoulindetail.Itbelievesthatthesouliscomposedofthreesoulsandsevensouls.Composition,afterapersondies,thesevensoulswilldispersefirst,andthenthethreesoulswillleave."Soul"and"Patter";thesoulmastersthespirit,andthesoulmastersthebodyshape.

Thethreesoulsreferto"thesoulofheaven,thesoulofearth,andthesouloflife".Itwascalled"fetallight,refreshingsoul,andghost"inancienttimes.Somepeoplealsocalledit"themainsoul,thesoulofconsciousness,thesouloflife"or"YuanShen,YangShen,YinShen”or“HeavenSoul,ConsciousSoul,HumanSoul”andsoon.Themodernscientificexplanationshouldbe:nature,heredity,acquired.

Thesevensoulsrefertohappiness,anger,sorrow,fear,love,evil,anddesire,whichexistinthematerial,sowhenthebodydies,thesevensoulsdisappear.Afterwards,the"bodyandsoul"producedwiththenewbodybelongstothe"materialworldoftheYangworld".

RelatedrecordsoftheThreeSoulsandSevenSoulsoftheSoulGodVolumeinDaoZang's"YunjiQiyan":ThreeSouls:Theladyhasthreesouls,oneisfetallight,andtheQiofTaiqingYangheisalso;arefreshingspirit,Thechangeofyinqi;aquietessence,themixtureofyinqi.Sevensouls:itsfirstsouliscalledcorpsedog,itssecondsoulisnamedFuya,itsthirdsoulisnamedbirdyin,itsfourthsoulisnamedswallowthief,itsfifthsoulisnamednon-poisonous,anditssixthsoulisnamedChuyi,ItsseventhnameisSmellyLung.Themodernmeaningisgenerallyreferredtoas(happiness,anger,sorrow,fear,love,evil,desire.)

Inaddition,GeHong’s"Baopuzi.DizhenPian"and"YunjiSevenSigns"Volume54"Speakingofthesoul".Thesoulreferstoaperson'sspiritualaura.Thethirdvolumeofthethirdvolumesays:thethreesoulsarejealous,andthesevensoulscompetewitheachother.

TheYellowEmperor'sInternalClassic"Lingshu·EvilEvilDreams":"Therighteousandevilattackedfromtheoutside,butdidnothaveafixedhome.TheyopposedthefornicationinTibet,andcouldnotfixtheplace.,Makespeoplesleepuneasyandhappydreams.""Lingshu·BenZang":"Aspirationalpeople,sothespirit,thesoul,thecoldandwarm,andthejoyandangerarealso...

ScienceInterpretationandcontroversyintheworld

Near-deathexperience:amemoryreviewofbirthexperience

CarlSagan’sexplanation:near-deathexperienceisactuallyabirthexperienceAreviewofmemories.

Theexplanationofthenear-deathexperienceinCarlSagan’sbookcanindeedexplainsomephenomena.Birthisanexperiencethateveryonehas,withsimilaritiesandsmalldifferences,explainingthecommonalityofnear-deathexperiences.Alsoexplained.Gothroughthedarktunnelandseethephenomenonofenteringthelight.

Thereisalsoahypothesis:brainhypoxiacancausehallucinations.ItisknownthatLSDandotherdrugscanstimulatethebraintoproducehallucinations.Thedyingbrainisinahypoxicstate,whichmaycauseHallucinations.Thishypothesisexplainsthefeelingofcomfort.Thereisasenseofpleasureintheearlystageoflowcerebraloxygenpressure.Thisiswhymanypeopleindulgeinsuffocatingsex,andthousandsofteenagersdieeachyearfromsuffocationduringmasturbation.Buttherearealsounexplainablenear-deathexperiences.[Stable)modelasthe"reality".ZhuangZhoudreamedthatthebrainchosetheidentityofthe"butterfly"asrealityinthedream,becausethisidentitymetalltheconditionsatthetime.Afterwakingup,thesamemechanismselectsthe"person"astheidentity,matchingtheenvironmentandmemory.Neardeath,thesensoryinformationsourceiscutoff,andtherealitymodelisunstable.Inordertostabilizetherealitymodel,thebraincanonlyusetheexistinginformation(memory)toconstructreality.Andtheeventsinthememoryhaveacharacteristicofbeingabird’s-eyeview.TryRecallingthesceneofwalkingonthebeachlasttime,mostpeople’smindsappeartohaveabird’seyeviewofthemselves.Sothenear-deathexperienceisarealisticmodelgeneratedbythebrain.Thisisthebrainsupplementhypothesis.

Thehypothesisexplainsthesensationofthebodyawayfromthebody.ItisbelievedthatthefeelingofcomfortiscausedbythedyingpressurethatstimulatesthebraintosecreteAndo,​​andthetunnelsensationistheresultofincreasednoiseinthevisualcortex.Inshort,everythingcanbeexplainedbybiochemistry.Ithasalsobeenfoundthatitcanstimulatespecificareasofthebraintoproducesouloutofthebody.Sense.Thisistheconclusionobtainedbyputtingonehundredelectrodesinthebrainandtestingeacharea.

Souloutoftheorificecanbetriggeredbyneurologicalmechanisms

Scientificanalysisandrecords.Researchersknowthatinsomecasestherewillbephenomenaofsouloutofthebody,suchasbraintrauma,sensorydeprivation,near-deathexperiences,separationandhallucinogenicdrugs,dehydration,sleep,andelectricalstimulationofthebrain,etc.Itcanalsobeachievedthroughartificialinduction.Scientistsbelievethatthesouloutofthebodyisactuallyanillusiontriggeredbysomeneurologicalmechanism.

Watchingthevideocantriggerthe"souloutofthebody"Experience

Accordingtoscientists,watchingavideoofyourbody’spulseandheartbeatwillleadtoSendoutthebodyexperience.Thisillusionshowsthattheexperienceofphysicalpresencedependsonthedualperceptionofinternalandexternal.

Theself-consciousnessofthebody—thesenseofownershipandthefeelingofbeinginthebody—istakenforgranted.However,whenepilepticseizuresoccurorinsomepeople,out-of-bodyexperiences(OBEs)occurspontaneously,whichindicatesthatcertainaspectsofthebody'sself-awarenesswillalsobedisturbed.

OBEsonceoccurredinalaboratoryenvironment,whenscientistsinstilledconflictingsensoryinformationtosubjects,causingthemtoempathizewithvirtualbodiesormannequins.Inallexperiments,theresearcherscontrolledtheexternal,orexperientialperception,suchasvisionandtouch.

Isitpossibletoinduceanout-of-bodyexperiencebyexploitinginternalorinternalsensibilitysignals,suchassomeone’sheartbeat?JaneAspellandLukasHeydrichoftheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyinLausanne,Switzerland,aswellasOlafBlankeandcolleaguesdecidedtofindoutthetruth.

Theyasked17subjectstostandandwearhelmet-mounteddisplaystoshowreal-timevideoofthemselvestakenfrombehind,sothesevolunteersactuallylookedattheirbacks2metersinfrontoftheirbodiesPlace.Theseparticipantsalsowatchedthesoftware-generatedoutlinesurroundingavirtualbody,likeahalo.

Thesubjectsalsoworeelectrodesontheirchesttorecordtheirheartbeats.Thissignalisusedtoproduceflashinghalos,whichareeithersynchronizedwiththeheartbeatinrealtime,orslightlyoutofstep.Whentheflashissynchronizedwiththesignal,itfeelslikethesubjectsarewatchingtheirheartbeat,eventhoughtheyarenotawareofit."Ofcourse,thisisnotasituationyouwillencounterinyourdailylife.Yougenerallycannotseeyourownheartbeat."

Afterstaringatyourbodyforabout6minutes,nomatterwhethertheflashingoutlineisrelatedtoyourselfornot.Hisheartbeatwassynchronized,andthevolunteersclosedtheireyesandweredirected1.5metersback.Thentheywereaskedtomoveforwardtowheretheystoodbefore.Inthesynchronizationtest,thesubjectswalkedforwardandapproachedtheirvirtualbodies-whichmeantthatthisexperiencehadchangedtheirself-positioning.Intheasynchronousexperiment,thechangeinself-positioningwasnotveryobvious.

Furthermore,aftereachtest,thesubjectswereaskedtoansweraquestionnaire.Theanswersshowedthatwhentheflashingoutlinewassynchronizedwiththeirheartbeat,theyweremoreinclinedtoidentifythemselveswiththevirtualbody.Oneofthewomenrepliedthatshe"wanttobeseparatedfromheractualphysicalbody."

Thisisthefirsttimethatresearchershavecreatedaconflictbetweenexternalandinternalperceptionsignalstoinducethisillusion."Thisshowsthatinternalperceptionsignalsareveryimportantforself-positioningandself-identity,"Heydrichsaid.

Thephilosopherwhostudiesself-perception,ThomasMetzingerofJohannesGutenbergUniversityinMainz,Germany,wasveryimpressedbythisexperiment."Ittellsusthathumanself-consciousnessisdeeplycontractedbyinnerfeelings,andthisanchoringmethodisstrongerthanpreviouslyrecognized."ThisresearchwillbepublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience.

Thesoul"lives"inyournervecells

TheNobelLaureateinPhysiology/MedicineFrancisCrickgaveaseriesofargumentstoThereisasaying:thesouldoesnotexistinreligion,philosophy,orpsychology,butitexistsinnervecells.Hebelievesthatthetheorythatthesoulorconsciousnesscanbeseparatedfromthebrainandcannotbeexplainedbyscienceisanoldmyth.Hebelievesthatlookingbackonthehistoryofhumanresearchonthebrainisnotonlytodescribehowthebrainreceivesstimulation,butto"mastertheessenceofthehumansoul."Whetherthisismetaphororliterature,thisiswhatCrickwantstoexplore.In1962,becauseFrancisCrickdiscoveredthedoublehelixstructureofDNAtogetherwithotherscientists,after1976,hebegantoturnhisresearchdirectiontobrainscienceandconsciousness.Throughhisseriesofstudies,hefirmlybelievesthatthereisnosoul(consciousness)independentofthebody,andthereisnosoulwithoutlife.Crick'sresearchisbasedonthetransmissionofinformationbetweenthesynapsesofthebrain'snervecells(neurons)todrawconclusions.Inhis1994book"AmazingHypothesis:TheScientificResearchoftheSoul",hesaid:"Yourhappinessandyourpain,yourmemoryandyourambition,yourpersonalidentityandfreewilltofeel,butItisthecollectivebehaviorofalargegroupofnervecellsandrelatedmolecules."Inotherwords,thehumansoul(consciousness)istheactivityofspecificnervecellsinthebrain.

Scientificorverificationoftheexistenceof"soulcells"inthebrain

ChristopherKirk,professoroftheDepartmentofComputingandNeurologyatCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyCrickbegantocollaborateonthedevelopmentofbrainconsciousnessresearch.In2003,theytookCrick'sresearchonestepfurtherandpublishedtheirpaperinthejournalNatureinFebruaryofthatyear.Theybelievethatthehumansoulisproducedbyspecificcellsinthebrain,thatis,thehuman"soulcell",andthesoulorconsciousnessisproducedbythesecells.TheresearchofCricketal.foundthatacertainpartofthehumanbrainproducesandcontrolsthehumansoul.Andthesenervecellsthatproduceandcontrolthesoularelocatedinasmallareafromthebacktothefrontedgeofthecerebralcortex.

So,whenapersondies,thereisnomutualactivityofneuronsandneurotransmitters(manychemicalsubstances)producedandtransmitted,andconsciousnessandsoularegone.Then,thesoulindependentofthebodyOfcourseitdoesnotexist.AccordingtoCrick’sresearch,thesoulcanonlyexistinalivingbody.Hebelievesthattherearestillmanypeoplewhobelievethatthesoulexistsindependently,justaspeoplethoughttheearthwasaplane4000yearsago.

ThemethodusedbyCorkistomonitortheconsciousnessofthebrainwithmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)andradiowavedetectorsandtraceregulators.Theirresearchsubjectsincludemice,monkeys,healthypeopleandpatients.Theymonitorthevisionandvisualawarenessofthesesubjects.Theyalsostudytheconditionedreflexprocessofhumansandmice.Ontheonehand,theysearchedforthecharacteristicsofconsciousneuronsinnormalpeople,andontheotherhand,theyusedradiowavedetectorstomonitortheelectricwaveactivityofsingleneuronsinpatientsandmice.Kirkandhisteamfoundthattheanteriorcingulategyrusofthecerebralcortexwasakeyareainthestudy.Ifthisareaof​​themousebrainisremoved,themousewillnotbeabletoproducetraceadjustments,soKirkbelievesthisareaisveryimportantfortheproductionofconsciousness.Inaddition,magneticresonanceimagingcanallowpeopletoseeacertainpartofthebrainthatproducesactivityduringtheperson's"feeling".Forexample,whenseeingapictureoraface,acertainpartofthebrainwillproduceobviousActivity.

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyneurobiologistNancyCanwisell’sverificationalsousedmagneticresonanceimagingtoproveCrickandCork’snewconclusions.Therearespecificareasinthebrainthatrecognizefacesorspecificobjects.Thismeansthatthe"soulnervecells"(sensoryneurons)thatCrickinsistscanbefoundandlocatedinthebrain.

Peopleenteranotherworldafterdeath,lackofevidence

Mostscientistsbelievethathumanbeingsenteranotherworldafterdeathisnotanabsurdtheory,butalackofevidence.Believeintheevidence,notwhatCrickandKirkbelieveistheactivityofafewneuronsandtheexchangeandreactionofchemicalsubstances.Thesoul(consciousness)exists,butitonlyexistsinalivingbody,mainlythebrain.Butwhattheyallbelieveisthatwhenlifeceases,thesouldisappears,becausenerveactivityandmetabolism,liketheactivitiesofothertissuesandorgans,alsocease.Kirkandhisresearchteambelievethatitispossibletodesignaninstrumentlikeaconsciousnessmeasuringinstrumenttomeasureconsciousness.

People’sheartbeatstops,andtheinformationstoredinthehumanbrainwillnotdisappear.

Thehumansoulissomethingmorefundamentalthanregularneurons.Thiskindofthing,whenthehumanheartstops,theinformationstoredinthehumanbrainwillnotdisappearwithit,butcontinuetospreadintheuniverse.Manypeoplewhohaveexperiencedclinicaldeathrecalledseeingawhitelightinalongtunnel.

Quantummechanicsmayprovetheexistenceofthesoul

StuartHamero,DirectoroftheCenterforConsciousnessResearch,UniversityofArizona,USA,ProfessorofPsychologyandAnesthesiologyDr.Fuproposedthisquasi-religioustheory,basedonthequantumtheoryofconsciousness.HeandBritishphysicistRogerPenroseproposedthatthesoulcontainsthemicrotubulestructureinbraincells.Itispointedoutthatthenear-deathexperienceisthemicrotubequantumgravityeffect,whichiscalledthemicrotubequantumtargetreductiontuning(Orch-OR),sothesoulisnotjustthebrainnervecellinteraction.Infactitwasformedintheuniverse.SimilartotheoriesofBuddhismandHinduism-humanconsciousnessisthemainpartoftheuniverse,anditisalsosimilartoWesternphilosophicalidealism.Basedonthesebeliefs,Dr.Khamerovstatedthatmicrotubuleslosetheirquantumstatesduringthenear-deathexperience,andthequantuminformationinthemisnotdestroyed,leavingthebodytoreturntotheuniverse.

Thesoulisinvisible

Soul,likeparticles,hasnofixedform.Itcanonlybecapturedbyacertainpolymercollisionorwavebandscanning.Forthemtoexist,thebodyisavisibleexistence,andapartofitisinvisible,andthisexistenceisthesoul.

Afterdeath,lifedoesnotstop

AmedicalstudyconductedbyBritishresearchersshowedthatafterdeath(theheartstopsbeating),Lifehasnotstopped,thesoulisstillmoving.

Consciousnessandcontinuityawayfromthebody

Alotofevidenceforthelawofimmortalitycanalreadybegiven.Dr.ZhongMaosendividestheresearchinthisfieldintofivedirections:(1)thestudyoftheexistenceofconsciousness;(2)theinvestigationandstudyofthosewhocanrememberthepredecessors;(3)thestudyofthehypnoticmethodofrecallingthepastlives;(4))Researchonlifeindifferentdimensionsofspace;(5)Researchonreincarnationbypersonswithspecialabilities.Thesestudiesinvolvetheimportantissueofwhetherthethree-worldreincarnationistrueandreliable.InthethesisofDr.Zhong,thescientistsandresearchresultsofeachdirectionareintroducedindetail.Theresearchinthisfieldpreliminarilyprovestheexistenceofconsciousnessandthecontinuityofconsciousnessawayfromthebody.

Themomentthesoulleavesthebody

TheRussianscientistKrotkovusedabioelectricimagingcameratotakepicturesatthemomentofdeath.Theblueinthephotostakenbythetechnologyofgasdischargeimagingmeansthatthevitalityofthehumanbodyisgraduallyseparated.AccordingtoKrotkov,thebellybuttonandheadaretheplaceswherethevitality(soul)islostfirst,whilethegroinandheartaretheplaceswherethesoulstaysbeforegoingtotheinfiniteillusion.

Thetruthabouttheemergenceofthesoul:thebraincreatesafirst-personperspective

Humanscanconstructthefeelingofbeinginthebodywithoutanyeffort,andscientistshavefoundoutHowthebrainproducesthisexperience.ThefindingsofthispresentationattheannualmeetingoftheSocietyofNeuroscienceonNovember10,2013highlightwhichareasofthebrainareactivewhenapersonhasanexvivoexperience.

Researchshowsthatthebraincombinesinformationfrommultiplesensestocreatethesenseofhavingabodyfromafirst-personperspective.Inthisstudy,thesubjectwaswearingahelmet-mounteddisplayinsideanMRIscanner.Thefirst-personcameraviewshowedtheotherperson'sbodylyinginthecornerofthescannerwithhisheadparallelorperpendiculartothewall.ResearchersatKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenrepeatedlyusedanobjecttotouchasubjectwhiletouchingthebodydisplayedinthecamera'sfieldofview.Thisgavethesubjectanillusionthatthebodydisplayedinthecamera'sfieldofviewbelongedtotheythemselves.

Inordertoenhancethisillusion,theresearchersthreatenedthebodyshowninthecamerawithaknife,andatthesametimemeasuredtheskinconductivityortheabilitytoconductelectricity(whenpeoplearescared,heismorelikelytosweat).Indeed,whenthesubjectssawthatthevirtualbodywasthreatened,theirownconductivityimmediatelyincreased.

Whensubjectsexperiencephysicalillusions,theparietalcortexandpremotorcortexoftheirbrainswilllightup.Theseareasareinvolvedingatheringsensoryinformationandplanningbodymovements.Inaddition,thedegreeofbrainactivityisalsorelatedtotheintensityoftheillusion,whichimpliesthatthesebrainregionsareveryimportantforgeneratingthesenseofbodyownership.

Researchersalsotestwhichbrainregionsrepresentaperson’slocationandthedirectiontheirheadisfacing.Usingalgorithmstoexaminethepatternoftheentirebrain,theyfoundthatinadditiontotheparietalcortex,thehippocampus,anareaof​​thebrainthatisessentialformemory,isveryactive,andithelpstogenerateasenseofdirection.Thisfindingsuggeststhatthebrainreliesonthecomplexinteractionofaseriesofinformationfromdifferentsensestoproducethesensationofbeinginsidethebody,evenifitisinsomeoneelse'sbody.

Deathisanillusioncausedbyconsciousness

Lanza,aprofessorattheUniversityofWakeForestSchoolofMedicineinNorthCarolina,saidthatthereissufficientevidencetoprovethatdeathishumanIllusioncausedbyconsciousness.Heputforwardthebiocentrism,sayingthatlifecreatestheuniverse,andtheuniverseexistsonlywithindividualconsciousness,andtimeandspacearethetoolsofhumanconsciousness.Whenlifecomestoanend,thatis,whenthebody'sfunctionsarelost,itwillstartagaininanotherworld.Similarly,everythingintheuniverseistransformedbyAlayaConsciousness,andallthepastandfutureinformationisstoredinAlayaConsciousness.Physicsisinterpretedasholographicphotography,whichenablestheuniversetoemergefromthebody.

Experimentalcase

Later,moresimilarexperimentsshowedthattheweightofapersondidnotdecreaseimmediatelyafterdeath;themostlikelyexplanationisthatthebacteriainthebodyproduceHotgassometimesescapesthebody,causingtheairontheweighingplatformtoconvection,causingthepointertomove.ThestatementthathotairisoccasionallydischargedfromthebodycanexplaintheresultsofDuncanMacDougall'sexperiment:whenairhitstheweighingplatform,theweightincreases;whentheairleavestheweighingplatform,theweightdecreases.Therefore,DuncanMacDougall'sexperimentisregardedasfalseandissaidtobepseudoscience.

Differentinterpretationsanddoctrinesofothercultures

Folkdoctrines

Chineseandforeignthinkershaverefutedtheissueofsoulfromtheperspectiveofcommonsenseandlogic.Forexample,RuanXuanzioftheJinDynastydidnotbelievethatpeoplewillbecomeghostsafterdeath.Hisrebuttalangleisveryunique:peoplewhoclaimtohaveseenghostssaythatghostswearclothesfromtheirlifetimes.Doesitmeanthatthereareghostsinclothes?EasternHanDynastyWangChongalsoretorted:IfthesoulisdeadafterdeathImmortal,therearemoredeadthanalive,andthereshouldbeghostseverywhere.

Greekphilosophy

InancientGreece,peopledividedhumanlifeforceintotwolevels.OneistheancientGreekword:πνευμα(pneuma),whichmeansair,watervapor,andbreath.InLatin,itiscalledspiritus,whichlaterbecameEnglish:Spirit,whichtranslatestospiritinChinese.ThisissimilartowhatChinacallsQi.

Anotheraspect,ancientGreek:ψυχη(psykhē),whichiscalledanimainLatin,whichisEnglish:Soul,whichmeanssoul.AncientGreek:Theverbformofψυχη(psykhē),whichmeanstoblowcoolorblow.Itmeansthebreaththatbringslifeandistheprincipleoflifeforhumansandanimals.ItsrelativelanguageisancientGreek:σῶμα(soma),freelytranslatedasflesh.InHomer’sepic,theancientGreek:ψυχη(psykhē)isusedtorefertoghostsafterdeath.StartingfromPindar,theancientGreek:ψυχη(psykhē)wasusedtorefertotheimmortalpartofhumanbeings.