BACKGROUND
See also: Vietnam War, the Sino-Soviet border conflict
After the establishment of People's Republic of China, the US government after a short period of time, "overlooking" the new China It began more than 20 years of "non-recognition" policy. The late 1960s, Chinese and US governments face the international situation has undergone great changes, have to re-adjust the foreign policy including mutual policy between the two countries, Sino-US relations in order to open the door, began tentatively and contacts.
process
exploratory contacts
As the United States unable to extricate themselves caught in the quagmire of the Vietnam War, coupled with the economic downturn, making the United States a fresh look and taking into account the new China relations the problem, from the previous hard-line attitude toward China gradually becomes moderate. In October 1967, to run for US president Richard Milhous Nixon published "Asia after Vietnam," a paper in the prestigious journal "Foreign Affairs", the paper writes: "In the long run, we simply was not since forever let China remain outside the international community to contribute to her enthusiasm, to promote her hateful, threatening her neighbors. on this small planet, billions of people can not tolerate the most talented live in anger among the isolated state. "
1969 Nian 2 1 May, Nixon became president after a week's Assistant for national security Affairs Henry Kissinger when handed a memorandum which said he wanted to with China development of relations. In the case of the two sides completely cut off, in order to get in touch with China, the United States tried a more secret channels, including Romania, including France, Pakistan, and finally through a mutual friend two sides success.
1971 Nian 9 to 11 July 1971 20 to 26 October, arrange secondary Henry Kissinger has visited China. To pave the way for Nixon's visit to China.
At the same time by the Nixon administration to relax restrictions on Chinese trade and personnel exchanges, stopping naval patrols in the Taiwan Strait, and to ensure that China, once the Soviet attack on China, the United States will not support the Soviet Union and other a variety of ways to seek to improve relations with China.
At a time when China is also facing reconsider relations with the US, since the mid-1960s, Sino-Soviet relations began to deteriorate. 1969 spring and summer, in the Sino-Soviet border Treasure Island and other regions repeatedly armed clashes, both sides have casualties. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in support of the Vietnamese troops in Cambodia, seriously affecting China's peripheral security environment. In 1971, China resumed its legitimate seat in the United Nations, international status is also greatly improved, also revealed the willingness to improve relations with the US hope. October 1, 1970, Mao Zedong invited American writer Edgar Snow boarded the Tiananmen Gate National Day ceremony. December 18 the same year, Mao Zedong Snow said in the meeting: "If Nixon is willing to come, I am willing to talk to him."
ice-breaking trip
see : Nixon's visit to China
1970 years, the Sino-US Ambassador recovery level talks.
1971 April to participate in the 31st World Table Tennis Championships in Japan, the US table tennis team, told Chinese table tennis team hopes to visit China. April 6, the Chinese Table Tennis Association invited the US table tennis team visited China. Called "ping-pong diplomacy" in history. April 14, Premier Zhou Enlai in Beijing met with all members of the US table tennis delegations. Zhou Enlai said: "You are invited to visit this opens the door to friendly exchanges between the two peoples, we believe that the friendly exchanges between our two peoples will be most in favor and support of the two peoples.."
July 1971 and October, the US president's national security adviser Henry Kissinger secretly to China twice, in preparation for President Nixon's visit to China. February 21, 1972, US President Nixon's official visit to China. February 22, Premier Zhou Enlai and President Nixon held talks in Beijing's Great Hall, were discussed on the normalization of Sino-US relations and other issues of mutual concern. Zhou Enlai said: The Taiwan question is the key to impede the normalization of bilateral relations. Nixon said: The United States recognizes there is only one China and Taiwan is part of China. February 28, the two sides signed the "Joint Communique" (also known as the "Shanghai Communique") in Shanghai. In the communique, the two sides declared: "toward the normalization of Sino-US relations is in the interests of all countries." China on the Taiwan issue reaffirmed the "one China" principle, all US forces and military installations must be withdrawn from Taiwan go. US statement: "not to raise objections to this position," and "the ultimate objective of confirming the withdrawal of all US forces and military installations from Taiwan." "Sino-US Joint Communique" is the first document guiding the bilateral relations of the two countries signed. It was published, marking the end of the process of normalization of Sino-US relations and the state of isolation began. Sino-US exchanges door finally opened.
Sino-US relations
See also: Sino-US relations
1978 Nian 12 16, while the Chinese and US governments issued the "People's Republic of China and the United States United States joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations. " The US government accepted the establishment of diplomatic relations in the joint communique the three principles proposed by China: diplomatic relations with Taiwan, withdraw troops and facilities, Chiang abolition treaty. Two countries from January 1, 1979 the formal establishment of diplomatic relations, bilateral relations, which is a major historic turning point in China-US relations has now entered a new stage.
Follow
See also: Deng Xiaoping visited the United States
After the normalization of Sino-US relations in 1979, Deng Xiaoping and his wife Zhuo Lin arrived in Washington, by the heads of state reception but the first night to go out to participate in the activities, but it is a non-formal "poly old family dinner." In foreign policy has always been a remarkable Deng Xiaoping, with the Romans move, completely changed the traditional American view of Chinese leaders and China. Simple natural blend of emotion, many Americans shed tears, the moment beyond all political barriers.
evaluate
China and the US established diplomatic relations, opening the way for exchanges and cooperation between the two countries. From the normalization of relations, China-US relations while undergoing a lot of twists and turns and ups and downs, but overall is moving forward. Sino-US consultations to maintain exchange of visits of leaders and senior officials, bilateral exchanges and cooperation in various fields of economy, trade, science and technology, culture, education and military affairs also continue to make progress.
influence
normalization of Sino-US relations ended a long standoff, began a new stage of bilateral relations. Improve the strategic position of the two countries, it changed the international strategic situation, there is great significance to peace and stability in the Asia-Pacific region. Conducive to the exchange and development of all aspects of economic, trade, science and technology, culture, finance and other countries. China is in a critical status checks and balances between the Soviet Union, the Chinese strategic position than ever before. The normalization of Sino-US relations is the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Germany open dawn.
normalization of Sino-US relations is the relationship between the People's Republic of China and the West breakthrough landmark event. 30 years, with the joint efforts of the two generations of leaders and people of insight, the Sino-US relations have achieved historic development, the two sides of fruitful exchanges and cooperation in wide range of areas, understanding and friendship between the two peoples growing China-US the relationship between strategic significance and global influence more prominent.
anecdotes
historian Mike Suse says: "There is a widely circulated story that when Zhou Enlai in 1955, met in Geneva in Dulles, Dulles refused to shake his hand, weeks later 15 years, still this to heart. Can you do some human interaction between them comment on Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Nixon, Kissinger first met each other? "< / p>
US officials Winston Lord replied:. "it is because of this historical handshake, in February 1972 when Nixon stepped off the plane, strode Zhou Enlai, and stretching out his hand this an action in advance through a very carefully designed, of course, Chinese people immediately understand what we mean.