codification basis
Qing dynasty emperor emphasis on sandwiches and in-depth Manchu cultural integration, stability and economic prosperity of the country's political situation, for the Qianlong compiled this large painting books provide bibliographic and culture basic material:
a, Kang Yong Ming and laid the foundation for the prosperity of culture and art of the Qianlong period, in terms of court art, is the peak period of Yongzheng and Qianlong inherited more on arts and culture , Conservative. Qianlong period, the Chinese have been very deep, royal nobles everyone began to receive education Manchu two cultures from around the age of five. Prince Po Qianlong or when he has started a collection, "Shiqu Baoji" have a lot of work in his youth collections. In addition, he had already started to study painting at teens, creation, his personal preferences, codification and consolidation palace collection of direct incentives and spiritual foundation.
Second, as early as Junji when the Manchu emperors and nobles had slowly finished, Junji emperor not only create their own paintings, but also to guide the creation of the court. Yang Danxia pointed out that many Prince Junji period was brave and skilled on the battlefield generals back to their own gardens, that chant poetry, painting brush. Such as Kangxi's brother, Prince Yu Fuk Tsun, his mansion is on the National Commerce Department today Chang'an Avenue, and he was the great scholar Han many deep exchanges, but also a painter himself. Since Junji until the Qianlong dynasty emperor of painting and calligraphy art interest and personally, the formation of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns painting gradually go to the House from the private collection of the collection of the situation, through officials dedicated to fund the purchase, the raid confiscated and undertake the Ming court things left behind the court painting collection of the Qianlong period reached its peak, and laid a sufficient material basis for the "Shiqu Baoji" compilation.
Third, in the previous "secret temple beads forest Shiqu Baoji" compilation, many renowned minister achievements in the identification and creation of painting and calligraphy, scholars involved, such as Dong Banda, Dong Gao and his son, their many paintings and calligraphy works are "secret temple beads forest Shiqu Baoji" the record, this duo is dry, Kerry dynasties Fumiomi landscape painting on behalf of artists, has a very high reputation of the community, and participate in "secret temple beads forest Shiqu Baoji" three chapters codification Huang Yue, is a famous connoisseur and painter, so that the Qianlong period, in addition to the rich heritage of Guicang, talented team of court culture, but also the "secret temple beads forest Shiqu Baoji" codification guarantee of success.
compilation of content
Chinese Painting and Calligraphy cataloging books, a total of three books, by the minister of Emperor Qianlong command editing, the book compiled in the early years of Qianlong (1745), forty four volumes ; compiled two books in fifty-eight years of Qianlong (1793), a total of forty; third compiled book in twenty-one years Jiaqing (1816), handle 280,000 letters. The book includes paintings and calligraphy works are the collections of the Qing court.
"Shiqu Baoji" After First ed., Eds sequel and three, holding included as many as tens of thousands of dollars. Wherein the Qing prefecture recorded history painting holding possession, painting volume points, axes, nine types of volumes; each category is divided into two and the like, and fine true for the upper, is described in detail; there are problems of poor or as inferior, even simple description; then according to its collection place, such as dry Palace of Heavenly Purity, Hall of Mental Cultivation, three Greek Church, Chung Wa Palace, Imperial study, etc., to their knitting. An existing Beijing Palace Museum Library, a set of existing Taipei.
Work characteristic
1, the house seat Indian general "Shiqu Baoji beginning of the series" the painting recorded both seal the "Qianlong Yu Lan treasure", "Shiqu Baoji" and the house seat chapters if it is identified as a "fine", then add seal "Qianlong appreciation", "three Greek Church Jing Kam Xi" and "descendants should" Indian. "Shiqu Baoji renumbering," the record should be printed outside the seal in addition to all the above, the "Shiqu Dingqian" and "Baoji renumbering", after Jiaqing Guicang there will be "Jiaqing Yu Lan" and Xi; Qianlong Emperor then ordered in these works are stamped with a "overlord Emperor", "seventies emperor treasure" and "read Eight levy Mao Bao" Zhu Fang the seal. "Shiqu Baoji three books," added Qian is "Jiaqing Yu Lan treasure", "Baoji three books" Indian. And "Shiqu Baoji" the record within the government as general ledger painting, calligraphy and painting is registered by location of the store, such as Chung Wa Palace, Hall of Mental Cultivation, send static Hill, Royal library, Palace of Heavenly Purity, Hall and other study poetry, stored in each drawing and painting at the center of the palace must have to put their names engraved special "house of seats chapter" such as Feng Cheng Su G "Orchid Pavilion" in the left side of the last print a "heavy Chinese palace and collectors treasure." This writing style, is a compilation of "secret temple beads Lin Chu Bian" Early in the Qianlong eight years before personally appointed by Emperor Qianlong, the decree said: within the government of the Tibetan calligraphy "whichever storage Palace of Heavenly Purity, whichever storage Mansudae Hall, big tall temple etc., respectively, the Ministry of home, with no wins London, to serve future generations Phi membership and know where. "and, after" secret temple beads forest "and" Shiqu Baoji "have also compiled so each style, there is no more, there are also chapters about the house seat phenomenon exceptions, such as the Qianlong Emperor book "record volumes in Tashan west", because with another four-volume collection that is as a set of "five volumes Gaozong book Baita Mountain in mind" was recorded in the "Shiqu Baoji renumbering · Wing Temple ", perhaps the house seat in Chapter seal on a roll, so there will be no on this piece," Wing Temple "house seat. But the situation is similar to the very rare. 2, clear the House and collectors printed seal cover strict form of government stamp seal to cover not random, their position in most cases is fixed. For example, hanging scroll, "Qianlong Yu Lan treasure" oval stamp or "overlord Emperor" a kind of seal of general or slant just above the frame, "Qianlong appreciation" printed in the upper left corner of the circle, "Three Greek Church Jing Kam Xi "and" offspring should be "are a pair, on the side of the seal in the left or right side of the frame," Shiqu Baoji "long and the temple holder plate is covered in chapter one side of the frame. If the upper part of the screen is narrow or pictorial, less white, middle position of the seal is moving up to become the straddle riser and printed painted heart, but rarely seen in the number of leaves on hanging scroll Tibetan government cover printed on both sides of the vertical shaft when the straddle painted heart with India, even though both sides have painted heart painting, painting will directly cover the top. Or hand-rolled in the album, "overlord Emperor", "Mountain Resort", "Summer Palace" are a class of the seal cover in the lead after the first and before and after an additional sheet or impermeable, "Qian Yu Lan treasure" oval plate and the house seat cover painted heart, sometimes "Qianlong Yu Lan treasure" oval will print as a straddle printed with the raphe on the album. In addition, hand-rolled with the title of Emperor Qianlong there will straddle his leisure chapter for India, numerous tricks, dizzying. Generally speaking, this seal on the emperor's palace collection of ancient calligraphy and paintings and calligraphy works are not Qianlong imperial brush or Jiaqing own seal cover, but the minister in charge of this task according to the word of the emperor or identified themselves with the emperor, discusses conclusions , was ordered to cover the seal on the painting, sometimes responsible for doing "touch up" work on the imperial brush painting and calligraphy. Identification of court painting and calligraphy seal cover according to the way the House of India is an important means of identifying such objects. 3, the Qing government in the standard mounting
Qing Qianlong period, especially within the government, the court Guicang works of art academy, imperial painting collection within the government as well as the first generation of painting and calligraphy, handwritten instructions are by the emperor, there is a very standard mounting requirements and format: hanging scroll painting based on a multi-selection of the content and tone beige or pale blue silk flowers for mounted side, the pattern has broken branches flower, Yunhe, dragons and so on. Pack header with silk, signed by Canon Hill antiwque Chloranthus as paper, paper-side management, and the like with a spindle head, ivory or red sandalwood hardwood. Qianlong imperial brush painting Jade multi-axis head. There tapestry scrolls packaging surface, monochrome silk painted sets, sets of white damask pen to sign the book Title. Yi Yi handmade Aya is mounted, the upper and lower heart Videos narrow thin silk or paper hit the edge, smooth friction pressure. The first primer with Imperial Palace Court-made paper, paper with a Canon, manually or gilt Hua Jian Jian Yun, manual tracing pen volume grass grain Pearl memo or the like, often Qianlong Yubi inscription by Emperor thick black ink of the ink , look good. The first bag of tricks, with a variety of
broken branches flower brocade, gold brocade and tapestry weaving, tapestry which is the first packet of hand-rolled, their names are drawing to tapestry weaving techniques with dark blue silk out exquisite. Eight patterns of hand-rolled with a sash, Yunlong pattern or the like, colors are green beans, red ocher. Yu do not have a white jade, jasper, the front carved Yunlong, Kui dragons, inside incised map name and add gold. In the majority plug jade, enamel can also be seen, hollow gold-plated copper and other materials. That sign multi Tripitaka tail, or regular script running script map name, and some writing on the mounting time. Roll with blue water cloud dragon silk bundle wrapped in cloth bag lined with white silk, the ink on the boundary line with the middle of the box, pen box, author, map name. Some comes with a hand-rolled Mu Xia, materials are sandalwood, Phoebe, lacquer, gold lacquer inlay inlaid with mother and so on. Album multi pale beige Aya side, before and after an additional sheet variety antiwque, sprinkle gold Jian, color Jian or dusting gold silk, color silk, plywood has rosewood, mahogany, pine or cork bag various color tapestry pattern generous and elegant, many are the Imperial Household special antique brocade. A small amount of copper plywood is a plywood cloth tread pattern similar Liuqiu chrysanthemum stone pattern.
included
in "Shiqu Baoji" included the painting quality, to have the collection of the court. The late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, Pu Yi in the name of reward, so that part of the painting masterpieces lost; when the eviction will be a large number of collections moved out of the Forbidden City, the period to the end of Manchukuo, lost part of its collection to the public and even overseas. Thus, "Shiqu Baoji" has become the most important clues to save these lost national treasure. At the same time, if positively identified as the paintings were recorded in "Shiqu Baoji" with, will often worth double, become the focus of the auction. For example in 2005 Autumn Auction, Sungari company launched five "Shiqu Baoji" the record over the paintings, all transactions, and each transaction price of over 500 million yuan. "Shiqu Baoji" of Tang Yin, "Pine Bluff Villas map" Beijing Poly Spring on the eighth anniversary evening of the 3 filming "Ancient Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Night" record. Paintings 24 million yuan starting, and off after 40 bids, was the venue to the hammer price and the buyer went for 62 million yuan, plus commission bid of 71.3 million yuan, breaking the world record Yin work.
evaluate
It should be an objective and rational look at "Shiqu Baoji" the record of the painting, the "Shiqu Baoji", both bright dazzling pearl treasure in the Chinese painting history, there are ancient a large number of forgeries and pastiche, book writing and recording a home work is not necessarily this authentic, painting the Treasury Palace Museum where it specifically has stored even after "Shiqu Baoji" the record, but not authentic repository. Therefore, "Shiqu Baoji" the record painting, 要一分为二 look, it is necessary to pay attention to its precious historical value and significance, we must face up to its shortcomings and deficiencies. "Shiqu Baoji" the only guarantee bibliographic points: First, the recorded works correctly in the Qing collection too. Second, "Shiqu Baoji" the record of fakes, or no later than the Qianlong Jiaqing. In addition, "Shiqu Baoji" have their own flaws, it has no pictures, just text, this is no way to solve the ancients.
In addition, "Shiqu Baoji" is only relatively objectively reflects the situation palace collection, but there are still many do not discriminate on the rigorous place. This is caused by several aspects, on the one hand there was no museum, no matter the emperor, or his courtiers around him, its painting knowledge and learning conditions are relatively poor. At that time, all private or royal cache of outsiders is no special relationship is difficult to see. Compilers or evaluators because of their level of knowledge, judgment is compromised. On the other hand, by the then hierarchy of feudal society caused. A word emperor, others can not be non-compliant. For example, Huang Kung-wang, "Fuchun Mountains" of counterfeit goods to enter the palace, Qianlong looked very like it, desperately poem, praise was to be added, the result of authentic came, he understands authentic fake better than that, but their own identity here, I could not admit his own mistake, he let the men go poem minister said how bad this authentic, this is in fact wrong, and blatantly trick.
Info
"Shiqu Baoji" is a set of large-scale painting and calligraphy painting collection of bibliographic Qing compiled from the essence of a collection of our country until the Wei, nearly down to the early Qing Dynasty Millennium famous painting of the best works of art of twelve thousand thousand species, the Chinese nation precious historic and artistic heritage. Palace Museum and Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing House jointly build a large ancient painting and calligraphy ceremony color pictures version of "Shiqu Baoji", 2014 to meet with readers.
As recorded in the history of painting with a master's masterpiece, "Shiqu Baoji" Since the beginning of the Qing Emperor Qianlong eight years compiled until the completion, took 74 years, brings together the Qing imperial collection of most heyday all works. After the finalization of the revision of the book, that is to designate a person to finish lower case Shanxie Zhu wire fence into a two manuscripts, letters points to be saved. It is understood that color pictures version of "Shiqu Baoji" a full set of 40 volumes, completed during the year 2014.
2010 Nian photocopy (4)
"Shiqu Baoji" the beginning, continued two volumes had In seven years (1918) Shanghai Han Fen Lou photocopy; Continued Arranges has thirty-seven years (1948) Kaiping District's Tan Chai photocopies. In 1969, the Palace Museum in Taipei photocopy "secret temple beads forest Shiqu Baoji" the beginning, continued, three books together Editions; 1988, Shanghai Bookstore reprint Taipei Palace Museum photocopy "secret temple beads forest Shiqu Baoji" the beginning, continued, three books together Editions ; 2004, Beijing Shanghai bookstore Publishing House reprint reprint this. Forbidden City Publishing House in 2010, and three Greek Church books co-published, the original version of the large wire-bound color photocopy "Palace Museum Shiqu Baoji" to the Tibetan government in the Qing Zhu Wenwu wire fence fine transcript master copy, packing 235 54 letter shapes in accordance with the original book books; dark blue lake damask cover, colorful brocade cover letter, complete reproduction of the original Royal secret of this.