Historical origin
Shijiahe Culture (5)
Shijiahe Culture is the bronze culture in the middle of China's Yangtze River. Be named by the Hubei Tianmen Shijia River Site Group. Mainly distributed in Hubei and southwestern and Xiangbei. In order to adhere to the evolution of Qu Jartling, the age is in the past year. The culture has a center of the stone, such as the stone river ruler, is composed of ten sites in Dunjiawan, Tucheng, and Xiaojia House.The economic life of Shijiahe Culture is based on rice as agriculture. The bronze copper block and abnormal copper raw materials were discovered in the Dengjiawan site, marking the emergence of the copper industry.
The rise of the process
The rise of jade crafts, distinctive features, jade has a statue of people, animal statue, jade, jade bird, 玦, shaper, etc., are small jade .
The individual sections of the Dengjiawan site have concentrated unearthed a large number of small ceramics, some of which have a lot of pits. Plastic with birds, chickens, pigs, dogs, sheep, tigers, icons, monkeys, turtles, sturgeons, and those who are sitting in fish. The pottery plastic individual is small, with lions, icons, tigers, chickens, fish, turtles, and people. These small plastic images are concentrated in the cavity, and there is a taste of sacrifices. Buried child urn coffin, there are often a lot of jade, rich style, some faces, Eagle, pig dragon, cicada, Juan, tubes, etc., fine carving, craft a very high level.
Cultural difference
Shijiahe culture advanced small tomb is disparied, Xiaojia's ridge is more than 3 meters long, with more than 100 yuan. Another adult is 56 small jade, and the head of the jade tomb of this culture has been found. Zhongxiang Liuhe Most 瓮 玉 玉 器 器 器 器 料 器 料 料These indicate that people are wealth in jade. It is generally believed that this culture is in the primitive social tattoo.
Regional Economic Development
The economic development in the middle tour of the Yangtze River, and the end of the nemest era of the bronze era, it has entered the State River Culture Stage. Shijiahe Culture is developed on the basis of Quanting Culture. It is equivalent to the late stage of Zhongyuan Longshan Culture to Xia Dynasty, Zeng Zei "Qinglongquan Phase II Culture", due to Hubei Tianmen Shijia River Site More representative of this culture, so the archaeological circles are collectively referred to as Shijia River culture.
The main site has the Qixian Qixian Qinglongquan and Temple, the Qili River, Tianmen Shiji River, Tianmen Lake, Songzhihua Tree, Jixian Rock Beach and Flower Garden, Xiaogang Bi Public Temple and Rising Water Temple, Zijiang Guanmiao Mountain, Jiangling Cai Jiatai and Zhang Qi Mountain, Yunchun Yi Jiashan, etc. This cultural distribution is widely distributed, all over Hubei, and the continuation time is also longer. The carbon 14 determination was concentrated in 2400 BC, and the late stage has entered the era of the Central Plains Xia Dynasty. The rice agricultural production in the middle of the Xinshi Times Yangtze River has always been stably developed. After the Cangxi culture, Qi Huiling culture, the various cultures of Shijiahe culture continue to engage in rice cultivation and various handicraft production on both sides of the Yangtze River. Constantly absorb the advanced experience of the Yellow River Basin and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so that social productivity is rapidly improved. At the site of the Shijia River, it was found that there was a rich rice husk and stem in the laminated rice, indicating that local agricultural production was mainly cultivated, and higher yields. This is also reflected in the agricultural production tools unearthed in many sites. The rectangular no-granular shovel, trimeter stone stone, screa, rectangular with a hole stone knife is a practical farmer. On the basis of agricultural development, livestock breeding industry is also steadily developing.
The bones of the pig, dog, sheep and deer have discovered the bones of pigs, dogs, sheep and deer. Animal bones that are generally discovered are mostly pork bones, especially in the tomb, indicating that the phenomenon of livestock is private property. .
Culture Ceramics
Shijiahe Culture's scratch symbol found in 1987, after which the field excavation and indoor finishing, there is a new symbol discovery, in Xiao house roof, were found in the symbol of about 60 individuals Tang Jia Wan on two sites, which Xiao roof after eight excavation, unearthed a total of about 43 symbols; Tang Jia Wan after four excavation, unearthed more complete symbol about 12 indivual. There are no symbols in the Sijiahe Cultural Site Group, and the ages of these symbols are the early days of Shijiahe Culture.
55 symbols, there are 1 upper abdomen located in the pointed ceramic tank, 1 lower abdomen in the concave bottom, 1 shoulder located in the high collar can, and 2 findings Slutta gray water (high tank or bowl), the remaining 48 are located on the upper abdomen of Daguatai. Tao Zun Ruins (report 2, JY, Tao Zhizhi) mainly discovered two sites in Deng Jiawan and Xiaojiawood Ridge, including 7 of Xiaojia Ridge, all suffered from varying degrees, existing number 3, 5 pieces More than 10 pieces, in addition to JY7 is 14 pieces of Tao Zun all inverted to the ground, the rest are arranged in the mouth, arranged in linear and curved ferroe. There are 2 cases of the line to be placed in a long-scale shallow, and the rest is placed on the ground, and the respective is complete, and some will knock down. The Deng Jiawan site has also found more Tao Zun's relics, including the largest scale in AT302-AT304, Tao Zun jacket flat-placed straight line.
Pottery Culture River Stone carved symbols in pictographic symbol-based, mostly concise strokes outline the external shape of a thing,. A pottery is only a symbol, but the vast majority of Monomer symbols, a few of several symbols. Basic strokes are arcs and straight lines, or with a few unprotected circular small stamp holes. Less to the second, more than ten, mainly use a sharp needle made of a material to be scratched on the billet of the large mouth and the billet. The groove is deeper, and some residues are often broken along the trench. The colors in the trenches are consistent with the instrument table, and the pen is deeply uniform, and the lines are naturally smooth. Some symbols are scored deeply, and the grooves are cleared after the blank is burned, and the existing width is often greater than the width of the moment. Slim poty in high-level tanks is scratched after the pottery is burned or used in the process of use, the pen is shallow, and the color ratio of the scheduling is shallow.
Religion Belief
Shijiahe culture, focusing on unearthed small and exquisite jade parts. Jade head, jade eagle, jade head and jade belong to the essence of the Shijia River Culture Jade. These jade is small in size, light weight, simple texture, and workmanship is fine. Most of them are unearthed in adults, showing Shijiahe's primary religious beliefs. Jade stone head River culture basically characterized as a "wearing a crown cap, diamond-shaped eyes, wide nose, wearing earrings and a solemn expression," but varied in shape. These jade human heads may represent the image of the god or wizard of Shijia River. Animal-shaped jade stone River culture mostly realistic modeling: jade eagle fly vivid, lifelike; jade tiger square head of the Word, vibrant; Cicadas realistic image, creating a business model Cicadas week period precedent . The jade of Shijiahe Culture represents the highest level of prehistoric jade carvings in Jianghan Plains
Hubei Tianmen Shijiahe Culture Yufeng
Neolife Age Yufeng, unearthed in Hubei Tianmen in 1955 Lujiabai Renaissance, Shijiahe Town, Shijiahe City. It is now collected in China National Museum.
Maximum diameter: 4.9 cm
thick: 0.6 ~ 0.7 cm
period: Xinshi Ai Shijiahe Culture (about 4800 ~ 4400 Year)
unearthed:
unearthed: Outstanding location: Shijiahe Town, Tianmen City, Hubei Province
Collection Location: China National Museum
Shijiahe Culture Yulong
The late stage of the new stone era of Shijiahe culture, the maximum diameter of 3.8 cm, 0.8 cm thick. Tianmen City Xiaojia Ridge Site unearthed. Dragon is a symbol of Chinese culture. The image of this early dragon is the piggy bank, the horizon is ignorant, similar to the jade dragon in the Northern Hongshan culture.
[Name]: Yulong
[Category]: Jade
[era]: Neolithic Age
[Original (original) Outstanding location)]: Shijiahe Site, Tianmen City, Hubei Province
[Collection Location]: Hubei Jingzhou Museum
[Alleged]: Hubei First Dragon
stone River culture jade tiger
jade tiger is one of the typical cultural artifacts of jade stone River, similar artifacts were unearthed in Luojia Bai Ling, Liu He, Xiao roof, zaolin Kong. From the perspective of appearance, the Shijiahe culture jade is divided into abstraction and a similar. Shijiahe Culture is a nemerrabine culture in the middle of China's Yangtze River. Be named by the Hubei Tianmen Shijia River Site Group. In order to adverse the evolution of "Qi Huiling Culture", the age is about 4600-4000. This culture has emerged as the stone base of the stone, the ancient city of Shijiahe.
[Name]: 虎
[Category]: Jade
[era]: Neolithic Age
【Cultural Relief (Unearthed)]: Shijiahe Site, Tianmen City, Hubei Province
[Collection Location]: China National Museum
[Although]: Hubei First Tiger
Culture Research
Main Features
Liangzhu and Hongshan, a daily jade culture with northern jade culture, making Shijia River jade culture, fresh, fresh and. However, the study will find that the Shijiahe jade is like ancient Heshi wall, if it is peeled off his jade, its brilliant is not on Liangzhu, Hongshan.
In the outdated Shijia River jade, there are several of these characteristics.
jade noodle avatar
is divided into two kinds of 獠 獠 and non-teeth. The shape is characterized by a square face, an olive eye, an eagle hooked the nose, the ear is a big earrings, and the wide mouth. The most prominent feature in the process is that the ripple is also screwed or reduced to the ripple. This process is a yang line, first engraved two yin lines as the outline of both sides of the yang line, and then raised the yang line on both sides, and finally eliminate the surface of the part, and the process is quite complicated.
At the same time, Liangzhu is characterized by a thin wire single-yin line, and the Red Mountain is characterized by a wide-shallow U-shaped coarse yin line, and the process is far less than Shijiahe Jade. The double hook yin line of the descendants is only the first step in Shijia River jade craft; Zhou Yu double hook yin line plus scrambled knife "one slope" is only one step in the stone river jade process. Until modern jade is also complex by its process, rarely uses row.
Yu decorative sheet
Liangzhu jade structured sheet trim profile, the interior hollow plurality curved pattern; Redhill cloud hook type wear, inner and outer hollow profile a " Pressure in the face. Shijiahe jade is used to adopt the most advanced "brushed" process, the extension is much more, the internal hollow is more, less staying, and is mostly a normal right angle. Crafts and patterns are comparable to Hongshan, Liangzhu.
Valley
Liangzhu's jade, Hongshan's jade tunnel has made the world, but the stone family river jade speaker will make people feel. This small speaker, not only has the inside of the 琮 and the inside of the ferrule, but also engage inside and outside, pondering into a flared shape, and engrave several rows of ripples, then flattening the device face, and its process strength is difficult It is much higher than the Hongshan jade hoop and Liangzhu Yu.
Jade Tiger Head
Description Shijiahe has a customs of Chonghu. The tiger head is full, the lines are smooth, and the image is vivid. The craft is bungle, circular carving, open out. This superb skill is not available in the same time.