Historicalevolution
PicturesofthewholeterritoryofSongjiangMansion(QingJiaqing)(3photos)
Shanghai,SpringandAutumnbelongedtoWuState.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriod,itbelongedtotheYueStateandChuStatesuccessively.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod,ShanghaiwasthecapitalofHuangXie,theChunshenmonarchofChuState,soitwasnotcalled"Shen".DuringtheJinDynasty,becausethefishermencreatedthefishingtool"Hu",theriverflowingintotheseawascalled"Du",sotheareainthelowerSongjiangRiverwascalled"Hudu".Later,"Hu"waschangedto"Hu",soShanghaiwasabbreviatedas"Hu".Shanghai".TenyearsofTangTianbao(751AD),theShanghaiareabelongedtoHuatingCounty(nowSongjiangDistrict).InthesecondyearofChunhuaintheNorthernSongDynasty(991AD),duetothecontinuoussiltationoftheupperSongjiangRiverandtheeastwardmovementofthecoastline,itwasinconvenientforlargeshipstoenterandexit.ForeignshipshadtomooratatributaryoftheSongjiangRiver,"ShanghaiPu"(thelocationisbetweentheBundandShiliuputoday).HuangpuRivernearby).InthethirdyearofXianchunintheSouthernSongDynasty(1267AD),atownwasestablishedonthewestbankofShanghaiPuxiandnamed"ShanghaiTown".Inthe29thyearofYuanZhiyuan(1292AD),thecentralgovernmentdemarcatedShanghaiTownfromHuatingCountyandapprovedtheestablishmentofShanghaiCounty,markingthebeginningofShanghai'sconstruction.QinandHanDynastiesandlaterbelongedtoKuaijiCountyandWuCountysuccessively,andbelongedtoHaiyan,Youquan,andLouCountycounties.
InthetenthyearofTangTianbao(751),theprefectofWuJunapprovedtheestablishmentofHuatingCounty,andShanghaibegantohaverelativelyindependentadministrativedivisions.ThejurisdictionofHuatingCountyisabouttheareasouthoftheoldWusongRiverinthepresent-dayShanghaiarea,andtheareawestoftheChuansha-Huinan-Datuanline.
DuringtheNorthernSongDynasty,themainlandofShanghaibelongedtoHuatingCountyandKunshanCounty,andtheChongmingareabelongedtoHaimenCounty.SongXiningtenyears(1077),setupShanghaioffice.
JiadingCountywasestablishedontheninthdayofDecemberinthetenthyearofJiadingintheSouthernSongDynasty(January7,1218).ThereweretwoindependentadministrativedivisionsinShanghai.
FromtheYuanDynastytothefourteenthyearoftheYuanDynasty(1277),HuatingCountywaspromotedtoaprefecture,andthefollowingyearwasrenamedSongjiangPrefecture,andHuatingCountywasstillunderthejurisdictionofHuatingCounty.Inthe29thyearofYuanYuan(1292),ShanghaiCountywasestablishedunderthejurisdictionofSongjiangPrefecture.ShanghaiCountycoversanareaofabout2,000squarekilometers.ThecountyareaisabouttheurbanareasouthoftheoldWusongRiver,mostofQingpuCounty,mostofMinhangDistrict,mostofPudongNewArea,andNanhuiCounty.InthelateYuanDynasty,therewereSongjiangPrefecture,JiadingPrefectureandChongmingPrefecture,andHuatingCountyandShanghaiCountyinShanghai.
AttheendoftheMingDynasty,therewereSongjiangPrefectureanditsaffiliatedHuating,Shanghai,andQingpucounties,SuzhouPrefecture'saffiliatedJiadingandChongmingcounties,andJinshanwei.
InthefourthyearofYongzhengintheQingDynasty(1726),therewereSongjiangMansionHuating(government),Lou(sharedwithHuating),Shanghai,Qingpu,Fengxian,Fuquan,Jinshan,Nanhui8counties,TaicangPrefectureJiading,Baoshan2counties.InthetenthyearofJiaqing(1805),theShanghaiareabasicallyformedapatternof10countiesand1hall,includingSongjiangMansionHuating,Shanghai,Qingpu,Lou,Fengxian,Jinshan,Nanhui7countiesandChuanshaFuminHall,TaicangPrefectureJiading,Chongming,Baoshan3counties.InthefifteenthyearofJiaqing(1810),itwasreducedby600squarekilometers.ThecountyareaisabouttheurbanareasouthoftheoldWusongRiver,mostofPudongNewArea,andmostofMinhangDistrict.ThecountyseatistheareawithinthecircleofRenminRoadandZhonghuaRoadintheformersouthernurbanarea.Shanghaiopenedasaportinthe23rdyearofDaoguang(1843),andtheareanorthofYangjingbang,ShanghaiCounty,wasdesignatedasaforeignsettlementinthe25thyear(1845)ofDaoguang(1845),andthentheShanghai-Britishconcessionwasformed.Inthe28thyearofDaoguang(1848),theHongkouareawasdesignatedastheShanghaiAmericanConcession.
InJanuaryofthefirstyearoftheRepublicofChina(1912),SongjiangPrefectureandTaicangPrefecturewereabolished,andtheShanghaiareawasdirectlyunderJiangsuProvince,includingShanghai,Huating(laterrenamedSongjiang),Jiading,Baoshan,Chuansha,Nanhui,Fengxian,Jinshan,Qingpu,Chongmingandother10counties.InthethirdyearoftheRepublicofChina(1914),JiangsuProvincewasdividedinto5roadsincludingShanghaiandthesea.Amongthem,ShanghaiandtheseawerelocatedinShanghaiCountyandgovernedShanghai,Songjiang,Nanhui,Qingpu,Fengxian,Jinshan,Chuansha,Jiading,Baoshan,andShanghai.ChongmingandothercountiesaswellasHaimenCounty,whichisnowpartofJiangsuProvince.Inthe14thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1925),theBeiyanggovernmentallowedShanghaitobechangedtotheSongShanghaiStockExchange.
InthefifteenthyearoftheRepublicofChina(1926),SunChuanfangsupervisedJiangsuProvinceandestablishedtheSonghucommercialport,whichwasdividedintothe5districtsofShanghai,Zhabei,Pudong,HuxiandWusong.
OnJuly7thinthe16thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1927),theShanghaiSpecialCitywasestablished,directlyunderthecentralgovernment,andShanghaibegantohaveamunicipalitylevel.AftertheestablishmentoftheNationalGovernment,accordingtoSunYat-sen’sGreatShanghaiPlan,inthe17thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1928),theNationalGovernmentestablishedShanghaiasaspecialcity.ItstillbelongstoJiangsuProvince,andsincethen,ShanghaihasbeenseparatedfromShanghaiCounty.ThecityreachesPudongintheeast,Jing'anTempleandXujiahuiinthewest,Longhuainthesouth,andthebottomofBaoshanRoadinthenorth.Inthespringofthe17thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1928),theShanghaiSpecialCitydeclaredtheconcessionaspecialarea.InJuly,Shanghai(Shanghai),Zhabei,Pusong,Yangjing,YinxiangPort,Fahua,Caohejing,Gaoxing,Luxing,Tangqiao,YangsiandWusong,Yinhang,andBaoshancountiesofShanghaiJiangwan,Pengpu,Zhenru,Gaoqiaoandother17citiesandtownshipsaretheactualterritoryofShanghaiSpecialCity,coveringanareaof494.69squarekilometers(excludingconcessions).The17citiesandtownshipswerechangedto17districts,andShanghaibegantohaveadistrict-levelconstruction.The10countiesofShanghai,Jiading,Baoshan,Songjiang,Chuansha,Qingpu,Nanhui,Fengxian,Jinshan,andChongmingintheShanghaiareaarestillunderthejurisdictionofJiangsuProvince.
InJulyofthe19thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1930),theShanghaiSpecialCitywasrenamedShanghai.
MapofShanghaifromtheRepublicofChinatothepresent(18photos)
AftertheoutbreakoftheAnti-JapaneseWar,ShanghaifellinNovemberofthe26thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1937).InDecemberofthefollowingyear,thecountiesofChuansha,Nanhui,Fengxian,Chongming,Baoshan,Jiading,andPuxiofShanghaiCountyinJiangsuProvinceandthePuxiareaofShanghaiCountywereplacedunderthejurisdictionoftheShanghaiMunicipalGovernmentofWangandPuppets.Inthe32ndyearoftheRepublicofChina(1943)onJuly30andAugust1,theWangPuppetNationalGovernmentannouncedthe"recovery"ofthepublicandFrenchconcessions.OnNovember24,the34thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1945),theMinistryofForeignAffairsoftheNationalistGovernmentannouncedtheacceptanceoftheShanghaiPublicConcessionandtheShanghaiFrenchConcession.TheShanghaiConcession,whichlastedforacentury,ended.(SourceofAtlasDataforShanghaiUrbanAtlas)InDecemberofthe37thyearoftheRepublicofChina(1948),Shanghaiwasdividedinto30districts.OnMay27,1949,ShanghaiwasliberatedandtheShanghaiMunicipalPeople’sGovernmentwasestablished.Huangpu,Laozha,Yimiao,Penglai,Songshan,Luwan,Changshu,Xuhui,Changning,Putuo,Zhabei,Jing'an,Xincheng,Jiangningwereestablished.20districtsincludingXinshi,Jiangwan,Wusong,Dachang,Xinjing,Longhua,Yangjing,Zhenru,andGaoqiaoin20districts,includingNorthRailwayStation,Hongkou,BeisichuanRoad,Tilanqiao,Yangpu,Yulin,etc.Atthesametime,thesuburbsandcountiesofShanghaiwereputundertheadministrationofSouthernJiangsuandNorthernJiangsu,andlaterunderthejurisdictionofJiangsuProvince.OnOctober1,1949,thePeople'sRepublicofChinawasestablished.ShanghaiisstillamunicipalitydirectlyundertheCentralGovernment.Shanghaiisdividedinto20urbanareasand10suburbs.
Afteradministrativeadjustmentsin1956,Shanghai'sjurisdictionwasreducedto18,with15urbanareasand3suburbsunderitsjurisdiction.
Administrativedivisions
In1958,inordertomeettheneedsofurbandevelopment,thesuburbsandcountiesoftheShanghaiareaunderJiangsuwereincludedinShanghai.Sofar,ShanghaihasjurisdictionoverHuangpu,Yimiao,andPenglai.,Luwan,Xuhui,Changning,Putuo,Zhabei,Xincheng,Jiangning,Hongkou,Tilanqiao,Yangpu,Yulinandother14districts,Pudong,Jiading,Baoshan,Shanghai,Chongming,Songjiang,Fengxian,Nanhui,Qingpu,ChuanshaandElevencountiesincludingJinshanhaveatotalareaof6340.5squarekilometers,morethantentimeslargerthanthebeginningofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.InJanuary1960,YimiaowasabolishedandPenglaiwasestablishedtoestablishNanchengDistrict,with12districtsand11counties.InMarch1960,ShengsiPeople'sCommuneinZhoushanCounty,ZhejiangProvincewasassignedtoShanghai.In1961,Shanghaigoverned12districtsand10counties.In1962,ShengsiwasplacedunderZhejiangProvince.In1964,MinhangDistrictandWusongDistrictwereabolished.Sincethen,Shanghaihaskept10districtsand10countiesunchangedformorethan10years.
AftertheCulturalRevolution,in1980and1981,WusongDistrictandMinhangDistrictwererelocated.In1988,WusongDistrictandBaoshanCountywererevokedandchangedtoBaoshanDistrict.In1992,JiadingCountywasabolishedandJiadingDistrictwasestablished.Inordertofurtherreformandopeningup,ChuanshaCountywasabolishedin1993,anditsterritorywasmergedwithHuangpu,Yangpu,Nanshi'sPudongareaandMinhang'sSanlinTownshiptoestablishPudongNewArea.Inthesameyear,ShanghaiCountyandMinhangDistrictwereabolishedandanewMinhangDistrictwasformed.In1995,Shanghaigoverned14districtsincludingPudongNewArea,Xuhui,Changning,Putuo,Zhabei,Hongkou,Yangpu,Huangpu,Nanshi,Luwan,Jing'an,Baoshan,Minhang,Jiading,andNanhui,Fengxian,Songjiang,Jinshan,Qingpu,Chongming,etc.Thereare6counties,106subdistricts,208towns,10townships,3590neighborhoodcommittees,and2986administrativevillages.Theareais6340.5squarekilometers,ofwhichthelandareais6218.65squarekilometersandthewaterareais697squarekilometers.Attheendofthe20thcentury,SongjiangCounty,QingpuCounty,andJinshanCountywerealsochangedtodistricts.
In2000,NanchengDistrictwasincludedinHuangpuDistrict.InJanuary2001,FengxianandNanhuicountieswithdrewfromthecountytoestablishdistricts.In2009,NanhuiDistrictwasabolishedanditsadministrativeareawasmergedintoPudongNewDistrict.In2011,theestablishmentofHuangpuDistrictandLuwanDistrictwasabolished,andanewHuangpuDistrictwasformed.In2015,Jing'anDistrictandZhabeiDistrictwereformallymergedtoformanewJing'anDistrict.In2016,ChongmingCountyunderthejurisdictionofShanghaiwasremovedfromcountiesandreorganizedintoChongmingDistrict.ThismarkedShanghai’sbidfarewelltothecountiesunderitsjurisdiction,andthecityhasthusformedanewsituationwith16municipaldistrictsunderitsjurisdiction.
AsofJune2020,thereare107streets,106towns,and2townshipsin16districtsinthecity.
310101 | HuangpuDistrict | 20 td> | 200001 |
310104 | XuhuiDistrict | 55 | 200030 |
310105 | ChangningDistrict | 38 | 200050 |
310106 | Jing'anDistrict | 37 | 200040 |
310107 | PutuoDistrict | 56 | 200333 |
310109 | HongkouDistrict | 23 | 200080 |
310110 | YangpuDistrict | 61 | 200082 |
310112 | MinhangDistrict | 372 | 201100 |
310113 | BaoshanDistrict | 294 | 201900 |
310114 | JiadingDistrict | 464 | 201800 |
310115 | PudongNewArea | 1210 | 200135 |
310116 | JinshanDistrict | 611 | 200540 |
310117 | SongjiangDistrict | 605 | 201600 |
310118 | QingpuDistrict | 676 | 201799 |
310120 | FengxianDistrict | 687 | 201499 |
310151 | ChongmingDistrict | 1411 | 202150 |
310000 | Shanghai | 6340.5 | 200000 |
Referencematerials:
Enclave:Inadditiontotheaboveadministrativeregions,ShanghaiislocatedinZhejiangProvince,JiangsuProvinceandTherearestillfourenclavesinAnhuiProvincethatareentirelyunderthejurisdictionofShanghaiMunicipality.
ShanghaiYangshanDeepwaterPortispartoftheruggedarchipelagoinShengsiCounty,ZhoushanCity,ZhejiangProvince.ItiscomposedofdozensofislandssuchasDayangshanandXiaoyangshan.
ShanghaiShanghaiFarm,locatedinthecentralareaofDafengDistrict,YanchengCity,JiangsuProvince.DuringtheCulturalRevolution,Shanghaibuiltthreefarmsheretohouseeducatedyouthsanddetainedlaborcamppersonnel.Atitspeak,therewere80,000educatedyouths.ThelargestagriculturalproductionbaseoutsideShanghai.
ShanghaiBaimaolingPrison,inLangxiDistrict,AnhuiProvince,isaprisonforpeoplewhohavecommittedcriminaloffendersinShanghai.TheunexplodedordnanceleftbyShanghaiduringthewarwasdestroyedhere.
ShanghaiHaijunTianhuPrisonislocatedabout20kilometerssouthwestofXuanchengCity,AnhuiProvince,andabout318kilometersawayfromShanghai.The318NationalHighwayandtheShen-Su-Zhejiang-AnhuiExpresswaypassthroughthenorthside.
Geographicalenvironment
Location
Shanghaiislocatedat120°52′to122°12′eastlongitudeand30°40′to31°53′northlatitudeBetween,thelandareais6340.5squarekilometers,locatedonthewestcoastofthePacificOcean,theeastcoastoftheAsiancontinent,thecenterpointofthenorthandsouthcoastsofChina,andtheconfluenceoftheYangtzeRiverandtheHuangpuRiver.ItborderstheYangtzeRivertothenorth,theEastChinaSeatotheeast,HangzhouBaytothesouth,andJiangsuandZhejiangprovincestothewest.
ShanghaiTopography
ThenightviewofMagicCity(8photos)
ShanghaiispartofthealluvialplainoftheYangtzeRiverDelta,withanaverageheightof2.19abovesealevelAboutmeters.ThehighestpointisDajinshanIslandinHangzhouBay,JinshanDistrict,withanaltitudeof103.70meters.Inthewest,thereareremnanthillssuchasTianmaMountain,XueMountain,andPhoenixMountain.TianmaMountainisthehighestpointonlandinShanghai,withanaltitudeof99.8meters.TherearerockislandssuchasDajinshan,Xiaojinshan,Fushan(Wuguishan),SheshanIsland,andXiaoyangshanIslandinthesea.
IntheYangtzeRivertothenorthofShanghai,therearethreeislands:ChongmingIsland,ChangxingIslandandHengshaIsland.ChongmingIslandisthethirdlargestislandinChina.ItisformedbyalluvialsedimentcarriedbytheYangtzeRiver.Itcoversanareaof1041.21squarekilometersandhasanaltitudeof3.5to4.5meters.ChangxingIslandhasanareaof88.54squarekilometersandHengshaIslandhasanareaof55.74squarekilometers.
Climateandenvironment
Shanghaihasasubtropicalmonsoonclimatewithfourdistinctseasons,abundantsunshineandabundantrainfall.TheclimateinShanghaiismildandhumid,withshortspringandautumn,andlongwinterandsummer.In2013,thecity'saveragetemperaturewas17.6°C,sunshinewas1885.9hours,andprecipitationwas1173.4mm.Morethan60%oftheannualrainfallisconcentratedinthefloodseasonfromMaytoSeptember.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
4.2 | 6.9 | 9.4 | 14.9 | 20.6 | 24.4 | 27.9 | 27.1 | 24.4 | 17.6 | 12.2 | 7.3 |
42 | 64 | 90 | 112 | 117 | 153 | 138 | 119 | 141 | 102 | 88 | 71 |
Naturalresources
Waterresources
TheflowofwaterresourcesinShanghaiismainlycausedbytheHuangpuRiver.Andothercityriverflowcomposition.TheaverageannualrunoffoftheHuangpuRiverismorethan300cubicmeterspersecond,andtheaverageannualflowis10billioncubicmeters.Togetherwiththeflowofotherriversinthecity,thetotalannualrunoffofwaterresourcesinShanghaiis14.5billioncubicmeters.Duetotheinfluenceofsomeexogenousfactors,theannualwatervolumechangesgreatly,generallyfluctuatingintherangeof5to23billioncubicmeters.
Mineralresources
Shanghailacksmetalmineralresources,constructionstonesarealsoscarce,andland-basedenergymineralsarealsoscarce.Sincethe1970s,hebegantosearchforoilandgasresourcesoffshore,andobtainedindustrialcrudeoilandnaturalgasfrommultiplewells.
Accordingtopreliminaryestimates,theEastChinaSeacontinentalshelfoilandgasresourcereservesareabout6billiontons,whichisthelargestpetroliferousbasinintheoffshorewatersofChina.InthenearbySouthYellowSea,afterinvestigationandexploration,oilandgasresourceshavealsobeendiscovered,withanestimatedreservesof290milliontons.TheEastChinaSeaisrichinchemicalresources.UndertheshallowseabedoftheYangtzeRiverestuary,somemineralabnormalitieshavebeendiscovered,includingimportantmineralssuchaszircon,ilmenite,garnet,andrutile.
Biologicalresources
Plantresources
TherearenotmanyremainingnaturalvegetationinShanghai,mostofwhichareartificiallycultivatedcropsandforest.ThenaturalwoodyplantcommunitiesareonlydistributedinlocalareassuchasDajinshanIslandandSheshan,andthenaturalherbcommunitiesaredistributedonsandbanks,beachesandharborbranches.Therearemorethan100varietiesofcultivatedcropsandnearly10,000varieties.Therearemorethan400kindsofvegetables,rankingfirstinthecountry,andtherearealsomanyvarietiesoffruitsandornamentalflowers.
Animalresources
Animalresourcesaremainlylivestockandpoultryspecies,andwildanimalspeciesareveryscarce.Theaquaticresourcesarerich.Thereare226speciesoffishin177genera,including171speciesoffreshwaterfishand55speciesofmarinefish.
Population
Overview
1930 | 1949 | 1959 | 1969 | 1978 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 |
315 | 503 | 1028 | 1094 | 1104 | 1334 | 1609 | 2303 | 2424 | 2428.14 | 2487.09 |
Accordingtotheresultsoftheseventhnationalcensus,thepermanentpopulationofShanghaiat0:00onNovember1,2020was24,870,900.
Asoftheendof2019,thecity’stotalpermanentpopulationwas24,281,400.Amongthem,thepermanentresidentpopulationis14.504,300,andthepermanentresidentpopulationis9.777.1million.Inthewholeyear,thepermanentpopulationwasbornwith169,000births,withabirthrateof7.0‰;133,000diedwithadeathrateof5.5‰;thenaturalpopulationgrowthratewas1.5‰;thepermanentpopulation’ssexratioatbirthwas105.Inthewholeyear,92,000permanentresidentswerebornwithabirthrateof6.3‰;125,000died,withadeathrateof8.6‰;thenaturalgrowthrateofpermanentresidentswas-2.3‰.
Theaveragelifeexpectancyoftheregisteredpopulationinthecityhasreached83.66years.Amongthem,menare81.27yearsoldandwomenare86.14yearsold.
Inthesixthnationalcensus,in2010,amongthepermanentresidentsofShanghai,therewere5.0531millionpeoplewithacollegeeducationlevelorabove,4,826,100peoplewithahighschooleducationlevel,and8.393millionpeoplewithajuniorhighschooleducationlevel.Thereare3,115,600peoplewithprimaryschooleducation.In2018,Shanghai'snine-yearcompulsoryeducationenrollmentrateremainedabove99.9%.
Ancientpopulation
TenyearsofTangTianbao(751years),HuatingCountywasestablished,withapproximately19,017householdsand90,360people.Therewere12780householdsinthelateTangDynasty.
DuringtheDazhongXiangfureignoftheNorthernSongDynasty,HuatingCountyhad54941and113143households.DuringtheShaoxiperiodoftheSouthernSongDynasty,therewereabout97,000householdsinHuatingCounty.
InthethirteenthyearoftheYuanDynasty(1276),therewere234471householdsinHuatingCounty.DuetotheDingRevolutionoftheSongandYuanDynasties,thehouseholdregistrationwashalvedtoonly130,000households.IntheeighteenthyearoftheYuanDynasty,therewere69425householdswith338552peopleinJiadingCounty.Inthe27thyearofYuanDynasty,therewere163,926householdsand88,8051peopleinSongjiangMansion.Inthe29thyearoftheYuanDynasty,Shanghaiwasestablishedasacountywithapopulationofabout100,000.InYuanzhong,therewere177,348householdsinSongjiangPrefecture,amongwhichtherewere97786householdsinHuatingCountyand72502householdsinShanghaiCounty.Thatyear,therewere95,795and373,755householdsinJiadingCounty.Therewere12,786householdsinChongmingprefectureduringthereignofZhengzheng.
FromthefoundingoftheMingDynastytothetwenty-fourthyearofHongwu(1391),Shanghaihouseholdsandregistrationswererecordedseparately;thatyear,therewere114,326householdsand532,803peopleinShanghaiCounty.InthetenyearsofYongle(1412),therewere100,924householdswith378,428people.Inthe7thyearofXuande(1432),therewere100358householdswith330498people.Inthesevenyearsoforthodox(1442),therewere100,984householdswith319,970people.Jingtaithreeyears(1452),100832households,305457people.InthesixthyearofTianshun(1462),therewere89,400householdsand270,927people.Chenghuaeightyears(1472),91291households,257652people,Chenghuatwenty-threeyears,92789households,261145people.InthefifthyearofHongzhi(1492),therewere92195householdswith260677people,andinthefifteenthyearofHongzhi,therewere93884households(infact,93,023households)and26,9094people(infact,260,821people).InthefirstyearofJiajing(1522),therewere94109householdswith253013people;inthe21styearofJiajing,QingpuCountywasallocatedland,withmorethan50,000householdsandmorethan100,000people.InthesixthyearofLongqing(1572),therewere113,985householdsand192,967peopleinShanghaiCounty(excludingyoungandold,women).InthesecondyearofWanli(1574),therewere117795householdsinShanghaiCounty.
Modernpopulation
Urbanscenery(41photos)
InthesecondyearofXianfengintheQingDynasty(1852),thepopulationofShanghai’sHuajiewas544,413,anditwasaconcessionThenumberisextremelysmall.AftertheoutbreakoftheTaipingHeavenlyKingdomWar,residentsfromsurroundingprovincesandcitiespouredintotheconcession.InthefourthyearofTongzhi(1865),therewere92,884peopleinthepublicconcessionand55,925peopleintheFrenchconcession;AftertheTaipingArmywarended,alargenumberofpeoplewhofledtoShanghaireturnedtotheirhometowns.Thepopulationofthepublicconcessionwasreducedtothelowestinthe9thyearofTongzhi,at76,713,andhasincreasedyearbyyearsincethen.BythefirstyearofXuantong(1909),thepopulationofChinareached671,866.DuringtheRepublicofChina,Shanghai'spopulationgrowthpatternremainedbasicallyunchanged.In1914,thepopulationofShanghaiHuajiewas1,173,653people.In1930,Shanghaihadapopulationof3144805people,in1936therewere3814315people,andin1945therewere3370230people.From1946toMarch1949,duetotheinfluxofforeignpopulationintoShanghai,thepopulationofShanghaiincreasedby61.86%,withanannualincreaserateof23.9%.In1949,thepopulationofthecitywas5,029,160.
Modernpopulation
From1949to1958,thecity'sregisteredpopulationgrewrapidly.Therewere5.0292millionin1949and7.508millionin1958,anetincreaseof2.4788million,atotalincreaseof49.29%,andanaverageannualgrowthrateof4.55%.In1958,10countiesinJiangsuProvincewereplacedunderShanghai,andthecity'spopulationincreasedsubstantially.From1959to1968,duetothestrictcontrolofthemigrationofthepopulationfromotherprovincesandcitiestoShanghai,thestreamliningofurbanworkersbacktotheirhomevillages,theeducatedyouthwenttoXinjiangtoparticipateinproductionintheCorps,thecountrybegantoimplementfamilyplanning,etc.,andthepopulationgrewslowly.In1959,therewere10,283,900people,in1968,11.089,700,anetincreaseof805,800people,atotalincreaseof7.84%,andanaverageannualgrowthrateof0.84%.From1969to1976,alargenumberofmiddleschoolgraduateswenttothecountrysidetostrengthenfamilyplanningmanagement,andthepopulationdeclined.In1969,therewere10.9399millionpeople.In1972,itdroppedto10.641million.In1973,itroseto10.701million.In1976,itroseto10.813million.The7-yearnetreductionwas126,900people,thetotalnetreductionratewas1.16%,andtheaverageannualnetreductionwas0.17%.From1977to1989,duetoalargenumberofeducatedyouthswhowenttothecountrysideandwenttoShanghaiduringthe"CulturalRevolution",thepopulationbornatthepeakofthe1950senteredtheageofmarriageandchildbirth,andthepopulationgrewrapidly.In1977,therewere10.86447millionpeopleand12.764millionin1989,anetincreaseof1.989millionpeople,atotalincreaseof17.49%,andanaverageannualgrowthrateof1.35%.From1990to1995,thenaturalpopulationgrowthratedeclinedyearbyyear,andpopulationmigrationwasalwaysgreaterthanmigration,andthepopulationgrewsteadily.In1990,therewere12,833,500people,andin1995,13,013,700people,anetincreaseof180,200people,anaverageannualincreaseof2.79%.
Afterliberation,fournationalcensusesandtwo1%populationsamplesurveyswereconducted.OnJuly1,1953,thepermanentpopulationofShanghaiwas6,204,400,andthepermanentpopulationof10countiesinJiangsuProvincewas2,589,700;onJuly1,1964,thepermanentpopulationofShanghaiwas10.817million,andonJuly1,1982,itwas11,859,700.Therewere13,341,900peopleonJuly1,1990,anda1%samplesurveyonOctober1,1995inferred13,735,800people.
TheSeventhCensus
Thecity’spermanentpopulation
Thecity’spermanentpopulationis24,870,895.Comparedwiththe23019196inthesixthnationalcensus,ithasincreasedby1,851,699intenyears,anincreaseof8.0%.Anaverageannualincreaseof185,170people,anaverageannualgrowthrateof0.8%.Amongthecity'spermanentpopulation,thepermanentpopulationfromotherprovincesandcitiesinShanghaiis10,479,652,accountingfor42.1%.Comparedwiththe8977000inthesixthnationalcensus,atotalof1502652peoplehavebeenincreasedintenyears,anincreaseof16.7%.Anaverageannualincreaseof150,265people,anaverageannualgrowthrateof1.6%.Amongthecity'spermanentpopulation,22,209,380peopleliveinurbanareas,accountingfor89.3%;thepopulationlivinginruralareasis2,661,515people,accountingfor10.7%.
Householdregistration
Amongthepermanentresidentsofthecity,thereare9,644,628familyhouseholdsand2,822,219collectivehouseholds.Thepopulationoffamilyhouseholdsis22,347,586people,andthepopulationofcollectivehouseholdsis22,347,586.Thereare2523309people.Theaveragepopulationofeachhouseholdis2.32persons,whichis0.17personslessthanthe2.49personsinthesixthnationalcensusin2010.
Gendercomposition
Amongthecity’spermanentpopulation,themalepopulationis12,875,211,accountingfor51.8%;thefemalepopulationis1,1995,684,accountingfor48.2%.Thesexratioofthepermanentpopulation(100women,theratioofmentowomen)rosefrom106.19inthesixthnationalcensusin2010to107.33.
Agecomposition
Amongthecity’spermanentpopulation,thepopulationaged0-14is2436296,accountingfor9.8%;thepopulationaged15-59is16,619137.Accountedfor66.8%;thepopulationof60yearsoldandaboveis5,85,462people,accountingfor23.4%,ofwhich40,49012peopleare65yearsofageandabove,accountingfor16.3%.Comparedwiththesixthnationalcensusin2010,theproportionofthepopulationaged0-14increasedby1.2%,theproportionofpopulationaged15-59decreasedby9.5%,andtheproportionofpopulationaged60andaboveincreasedby8.3%.Theproportionofthepopulationofandaboveincreasedby6.2percentagepoints.
Ethniccomposition
Amongthecity’spermanentpopulation,theHanpopulationis24,471,085,accountingfor98.4%;theethnicminoritypopulationis399,810,accountingfor1.6%.Comparedwiththesixthnationalcensusin2010,theHanpopulationincreasedby1,728,052people,anincreaseof7.6%;thepopulationofethnicminoritiesincreasedby123,647people,anincreaseof44.8%.
Populationwithvariouseducationallevels
Ofthecity’spermanentpopulation,8424214haveacollegeeducation(referringtoajuniorcollegeandabove);theyhavehighschools.Thepopulationwitheducationallevel(includingtechnicalsecondaryschool)is4,730,359;thepopulationwithjuniorhighschooleducationis7,196422;thepopulationwithprimaryschooleducationis2,966,844.Studentsandschoolstudents).Comparedwiththesixthnationalcensusin2010,thenumberofpeoplewithuniversityeducationper100,000peoplerosefrom21,893to33,872;thosewithhighschooleducationdroppedfrom20,953to19,020;thosewithjuniorhighschooleducationrosefrom36519Thenumberofpeopledroppedto28,935;thenumberofpeoplewithprimaryschooleducationdroppedfrom13,562to11,929.Comparedwiththesixthnationalcensusin2010,theaveragenumberofyearsofeducationofthecity'spermanentpopulation,thoseaged15andover,hasrisenfrom10.7to11.8years.Amongthecity’spermanentpopulation,theilliteratepopulation(peopleaged15andabovewhocannotread)is401,585.Comparedwiththesixthnationalcensusin2010,theilliteratepopulationdecreasedby229,778,andtheilliteracyrate[6]decreasedfrom2.74%to1.61.%,down1.13percentagepoints.
Politics
TheCommunistPartyofChinaShanghaiMunicipalCommittee | Secretary | LiQiang |
DeputySecretary | GongZheng,YuShaoliang | |
MemberoftheStandingCommitteeoftheMunicipalPartyCommittee | ZhengGangmiao,LiuXuexin,ChenYin,WuQing,ZhouHuilin,ZhugeYujie,HuWenrong,LiuJie,ZhuZhisong | |
SecretaryGeneral | ZhugeYujie | |
TheStandingCommitteeoftheShanghaiMunicipalPeople’sCongress | Director | JiangZhuoqing |
DeputyDirector | XuZezhou,CaiWei,GaoXiaomei(female),XiaoGuiyu,MoJichun | |
Secretary-General | ZhaoWeixing | |
ShanghaiMunicipalPeople’sGovernment | Mayor | GongZheng |
DeputyMayor | ChenYin,WuQing,ShuQing(Manchu),PengShenlei,ChenQun,ZongMing(female),TangZhiping,ChenTong,ZhangWei | |
Secretary-General | MaChunlei | |
ChinesePeople’sPoliticsNegotiationMeetingShanghaiCommittee | Chairman | DongYunhu |
ViceChairperson | LiYiping,ZhouHanmin,ZhangEndi,JinXingming,HuangZhen,YuLijuan(female),WuXinbao,ShouZiqi,QianFeng | |
Secretary-General | BeiXiaoxi p> |
Economy
Overview
1980 | 31.189billionyuan | - | $1829 p> | - | 17.473billionyuan |
1990 | 78.166billionyuan | - | US$1236 | US$7.431billion | 16.699billionyuan |
2000 | 477.1billionyuan | 16.09millionpeople | 30,000yuan | 54.710billionUSdollars | 49.796billionyuan |
2010 | 1.7166billionyuan | 23.03millionpeople | 76,000yuan | 368.869billionUSdollars | 287.358billionyuan |
2015 | 25123billionyuan | 24.15millionpeople | 104,000yuan | 451.733billionU.S.dollars | 551.950billionU.S.dollars |
2018 | 3,268billionyuan | 24.24millionPeople | 135,000yuan | 340.93billionyuan | 710.815billionyuan |
Preliminarycalculationsshowthatin2019,Shanghai'sGDPwas3.815532billionyuan,anincreaseof6.0%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,theaddedvalueoftheprimaryindustrywas10.388billionyuan,adecreaseof5.0%;theaddedvalueofthesecondaryindustrywas1.029916billionyuan,anincreaseof0.5%;theaddedvalueofthetertiaryindustrywas2.775228billionyuan,anincreaseof8.2%.Theaddedvalueofthetertiaryindustryaccountedfor72.7%ofShanghai’sGDP,1.8percentagepointshigherthanthepreviousyear.Shanghai’spercapitaGDPcalculatedbasedonthepermanentpopulationwas157,300yuan.AmongShanghai’sGDP,thepublicsectoreconomy’saddedvaluewas1,832,867millionyuan,anincreaseof6.1%overthepreviousyear;thenon-publicsectoreconomy’saddedvaluewas1982.664billionyuan,anincreaseof5.8%..Theaddedvalueofthenon-publiceconomyaccountedfor52.0%ofShanghai’sGDP.Theannualaddedvalueofstrategicemergingindustrieswas613.322billionyuan,anincreaseof8.5%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,theaddedvalueofindustrywas271.043billionyuan,anincreaseof3.3%;theaddedvalueoftheserviceindustrywas342.279billionyuan,anincreaseof13.3%.Theaddedvalueofstrategicemergingindustriesaccountedfor16.1%ofShanghai’sGDP,anincreaseof0.4%overthepreviousyear.InAugust2020,itrankedamongChina'stoptenGDPinthefirsthalfoftheyear.
In2020,Shanghai’sregionalGDPwillbe3.87058billionyuan,anincreaseof1.7%overthepreviousyearatcomparableprices,anincreaseof2.0percentagepointsoverthepreviousthreequarters.Intermsofindustries,theaddedvalueoftheprimaryindustrywas10.357billionyuan,adecreaseof8.2%;theaddedvalueofthesecondaryindustrywas1,028.947billionyuan,anincreaseof1.3%;theaddedvalueofthetertiaryindustrywas2,830.754billionyuan,anincreaseof1.8%.Theaddedvalueofthetertiaryindustryaccountedfor73.1%ofthecity’sgrossproduct,anincreaseof0.2%overthepreviousyear.
In2020,Shanghai'sGDPwillranksixthintheworld.TheGlobalFinancialCenterIndexandtheXinhua-BalticInternationalShippingDevelopmentIndexrankthirdintheworld,withatotalporttradevalueof8.75trillionyuan,rankingfirstamongcitiesintheworld,andShanghaiPort’scontainerthroughputreaching43.5millionTEUs,rankingtheworldfor11consecutiveyears.First.In2020,thepercapitadisposableincomeofresidentsinthecitywillreach72,000yuan.
Primaryindustry
In2020,thecity’stotalagriculturaloutputvaluewas27.201billionyuan,adecreaseof7.1%fromthepreviousyear.Amongthem,plantingindustrywas13.493billionyuan,down4.6%;forestrywas1.46billionyuan,down5.6%;animalhusbandrywas5.427billionyuan,down9.6%;fisherywas5.039billionyuan,down8.4%;agriculture,forestry,animalhusbandryandfisheryprofessionalandauxiliaryactivities1.782billionyuanYuan,anincreaseof7.3%.
In2020,thesownareaofcropsinthecitywas257,800hectares,2.5%lessthanthepreviousyear.Amongthem,thesownareaofgrainwas114,300hectares,adecreaseof2.6%;theareaofvegetablesownareawas84,200hectares,adecreaseof3.0%.Thecity’sgrainoutputinthewholeyearwas914,400tons,adecreaseof4.6%overthepreviousyear;theoutputofvegetableswas2,443,300tons,adecreaseof5.7%;thenumberoflivepigswas977.4thousand,adecreaseof17.0%;theoutputofrawmilkwas290,900tons,adecreaseof2.2%;theoutputofaquaticproducts247,400tons,adecreaseof11.8%(seeTable5).
Bytheendof2020,therewillbeatotalof875greenfoodcompanieswithinthevalidityperiodofthecity,with1,573products,andtheannualcertifiedoutputof1,255,800tons;thecertificationrateofgreenfoodforrealestateagriculturalproductsreaches24%;andthereare15geographicalindicationsofagriculturalproducts.
Bytheendof2020,thecityhasbuiltatotalof114,100hectaresofhigh-standardfarmland;thecityhascreatedatotalof223municipal-levelvegetablestandardgardens;2506farmers’professionalcooperativesareincludedinthestatistics,includingmunicipal-levelfarmers’cooperativedemonstrationsocieties240,97nationalfarmercooperativedemonstrationcooperatives;365keyleadingenterprisesinagriculturalindustrialization,including88leadingenterprisesatthecityleveland24leadingenterprisesatthenationallevel;3965familyfarmsrecognizedbytheagriculturalandruraldepartments,Amongthem,thereare76municipalmodelfamilyfarms.
2010 | - | 1.184milliontons | 247,100tons | 398.08milliontons td> | 2,599,800head | 289,700tons | 40.838millionbirds |
2015 | 269,300hectares | 995.5milliontons | 260,400tons | 3.2117milliontons | 1.711millionheads | 260,500tons | 17.135millionbirds |
2018 | 285,300hectares | 1.0374milliontons | 334,400tons | 2.8473milliontons | 1.4886millionheads | 308,500tons | 983.95millionbirds |
SecondaryIndustry
AsthecradleofChina'smodernindustryandtheChineseworkingclass,Shanghaihadamotorreelingfactorythatintroducedadvancedforeignequipmentasearlyas1861.Around1919,Shanghaiwasalreadythecitywiththelargestnumberofworkersandthehighestproportionofworkersinthecountry.AsChina'slargestindustrialcityinmoderntimes,Shanghaihasconcentratedabout50%ofnationalcapitalenterprises,about40%ofcapital,andabout50%ofannualoutputvalue.JiangnanShipyard,whichoccupies90%oftheshipbuildingtonnageinthecountry,ranksfirstintheworldintermsofoverallscaleandunitshipbuildingcapacity.
In2020,theindustrialaddedvaluewillbe965.651billionyuan,anincreaseof1.4%overthepreviousyear.Thetotalindustrialoutputvalueoftheyearwas3,705.259billionyuan,anincreaseof1.6%.Amongthem,thetotaloutputvalueofindustriesabovedesignatedsizewas3,483.097billionyuan,anincreaseof1.9%.Amongthetotaloutputvalueofindustrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsize,thetotaloutputvalueofstate-ownedholdingenterpriseswas1,290.424billionyuan,adecreaseof1.3%.
In2020,newenergy,high-endequipment,biology,new-generationinformationtechnology,newmaterials,newenergyvehicles,energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,digitalcreativityandotherstrategicemergingindustrieswillcompleteatotalindustrialoutputvalueof1,393.066billionyuan.Anincreaseof8.9%lastyear,accountingfor40.0%ofthecity'stotalindustrialoutputvalueabovedesignatedsize.
In2020,thetotalindustrialoutputvalueofthesixkeyindustrialsectorswas2.378.422billionyuan,anincreaseof4.1%overthepreviousyear,accountingfor68.3%ofthecity’stotalindustrialoutputvalueabovedesignatedsize.Theannualsalesrateofindustrialproductsabovedesignatedsizewas99.4%.Theannualoutputofnewenergyvehicleswas238,600,anincreaseof1.9times;theoutputof3Dprintingequipmentwas961,anincreaseof23.2%;theoutputofintegratedcircuitswas28.867billion,anincreaseof21.7%.
In2020,industrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsizeachievedatotalprofitof283.181billionyuan,adecreaseof2.3%overthepreviousyear;atotaltaxof175.40billionyuan,adecreaseof0.6%.Thelossofindustrialenterprisesabovedesignatedsizewas21.6%.
In2020,thetotaloutputvalueoftheconstructionindustrywas827.704billionyuan,anincreaseof5.9%overthepreviousyear;theconstructionareaofhouseswas537,986squaremeters,anincreaseof5.7%;thecompletedareawas81,507,600squaremeters,adecreaseof11.7%.
Keyindustries
Electronicinformationproductmanufacturing,automobilemanufacturing,petrochemicalandfinechemicalmanufacturing,high-qualitysteelmanufacturing,completeequipmentmanufacturingAndthebiomedicalmanufacturingindustryisthesixkeyindustrialindustriesinShanghai.
Emergingindustries
Industrialstrategiessuchasenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotection,newgenerationinformationtechnology,biology,high-endequipment,newenergy,newenergyvehicles,newmaterials,etc.throughouttheyearSexualemergingindustriesaccountedfor30.6%ofthecity’stotalindustrialoutputvalueabovedesignatedsize.
TertiaryIndustry
Finance
ShanghaiisChineseFinancialcenters,includingShanghaiStockExchange,ShanghaiFuturesExchange,ChinaFinancialExchange,ShanghaiDiamondExchange,GoldExchange,FinancialDerivativesExchange,InterbankBondMarket,ChinaForeignExchangeTradingCenter,ChinaFundingandLendingMarket,NationalGoldReserveOperationsCenter,NationalForeignExchangeReserveOperationsCenter,ShanghaiClearingHouse(PBCClearingCenter),PBCShanghaiHeadquarters(CentralBankCreditSystemCenter,CheckThrottlingDataProcessingCenter),China'sfourmajorbanks(AgriculturalBank,BankofChina,ICBC,ChinaConstructionBank)Shanghaiheadquarters,majorforeignbanksinGreaterChinaheadquarters,ChinaAnti-MoneyLaunderingFundMonitoringCenter,ShanghaiInterbankOfferedRate,ChinaInsuranceExchangeandotherdifferenttypesoffinancialinstitutions.TheShanghaiFinancialCourtwasapprovedforestablishment,crudeoilfuturesweresuccessfullylisted,headquarters-typefunctionalinstitutionssuchasChinaLifeShanghaiheadquartersandCCBFinancialTechnologyhavesettleddown,andthescopeofcross-borderuseofRMBhasalsobeenfurtherexpanded.
Wholesaleandretailindustry
In2018,thevalueaddedofwholesaleandretailindustrywillberealizedthroughouttheyear458.149billionyuan,anincreaseof3.3%overthepreviousyear.
Inthewholeyear,thetotalsalesofgoodsreached11.95trillionyuan,anincreaseof5.6%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,wholesalesaleswere10.79trillionyuan,anincreaseof5.3%.
Inthewholeyear,thetotalretailsalesofsocialconsumergoodsreached1,266.869billionyuan,anincreaseof7.9%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,retailsaleswithoutshopswas192.599billionyuan,anincreaseof13.8%.Theretailsalesofonlinestoreswere150.67billionyuan,anincreaseof15.8%,accountingfor11.9%ofthetotalretailsalesofconsumergoods.
Theamountofe-commercetransactionscompletedthroughouttheyearwas289.382billionyuan,anincreaseof19.3%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,theB2Btransactionvolumewas1,855.26billionyuan,anincreaseof14.1%,accountingfor64.1%ofthee-commercetransactionvolume;theonlineshoppingtransactionvolume(includingservicetransactions)was1,038.56billionyuan,anincreaseof29.7%,accountingfor35.9%.
In2020,theaddedvalueofthewholesaleandretailindustrywillbe486.989billionyuan,adecreaseof3.3%fromthepreviousyear.
In2020,thetotalmerchandisesalestotaled13.98trillionyuan,down2.6%fromthepreviousyear.Amongthem,wholesalesaleswere12.51trillionyuan,down3.1%.
In2020,thetotalretailsalesofconsumergoodswillbe1,593.25billionyuan,anincreaseof0.5%overthepreviousyear(seeTable8).Amongthem,retailsaleswithoutstoreswas304.175billionyuan,anincreaseof4.5%.Theretailsalesofonlinestoreswere260.639billionyuan,anincreaseof10.2%,accountingfor16.4%ofthetotalretailsalesofconsumergoods.
Theamountofe-commercetransactionscompletedin2020was2,941.74billionyuan,down11.4%fromthepreviousyear.Amongthem,B2Btransactionvolumewas1,769.73billionyuan,down11.5%,accountingfor60.2%ofe-commercetransactionvolume;onlineshoppingtransactionvolume(includingcommodityandservicetransactions)was1,172.01billionyuan,down11.1%,accountingfore-commercetransactionvolumeTheproportionis39.8%.
ForeignEconomy
PudongNewArea(5photos)
Shanghai’stradingpartnershaveexpandedfrommorethan20countriesintheearlyreformandopeninguptomorethan200countriesandregions.ShanghaiPorthasbecomeoneofthemostimportanttradingportsintheworld,andShanghaiPort'simportandexportranksfirstamongcitiesintheworld.Theport'scontainerthroughputhasremainedtheworld'snumberoneforeightconsecutiveyears.About30%of"MadeinChina"productsareexportedtoallpartsoftheworldviaShanghai,andabout30%ofproductsfromvariouscountriesentertheChinesemarketviaShanghai.About1/3ofthecountry’simportedcars,diamonds,wine,anddairyproducts,about1/2oftheimportedcosmetics,pharmaceuticals,andmedicalequipment,morethan60%ofimportedclothingandapparel,andmorethan70%ofimportedwatchesareallimportedTheShanghaiportcameintothehandsofconsumersacrossthecountry.
ThefirstChinaInternationalImportExpowassuccessfullyheld.Atotalof172countries,regionsandinternationalorganizationsparticipatedintheconference,3617foreigncompaniesparticipatedintheexhibition,andthetotalexhibitionareareached300,000squaremeters.Atotalof57.83billionU.S.dollarsofintentionaltransactionsweremadeinoneyear.
Socialundertakings
In2020,thecity’spublicservicesystemssuchasemployment,socialsecurity,housing,elderlycare,nurserycare,education,health,etc.willbemorecomplete,andtheaveragelifeexpectancywillreach83.67years.Leadinglevel.
Educationalbusiness
Bytheendofthe2020schoolyear,thecityhas63regularcollegesanduniversities,929regularsecondaryschools,684regularprimaryschools,and31specialeducationschools.Thenumberofstudentsandgraduatesinregularcollegesandsecondaryvocationalschoolshasincreased(seeTable17).Thereare49institutionsinthecitythattraingraduatestudents,with63,300full-timepostgraduatesenrolledthroughouttheyear,178,100full-timepostgraduates,and45,800full-timepostgraduatesgraduated.
Bytheendofthe2020schoolyear,thecityhas19privategeneralcollegesanduniversitieswith125,900students;131privategeneralhighschoolswith88,700students;78privateprimaryschoolswith105,600studentspeople.Thecityhas24adultsecondaryandhighereducationschools,807adultvocationalandtechnicaltraininginstitutions,and286senioreducationinstitutions.
ShanghaiCollegesandUniversities(3photos)
Bytheendofthe2018schoolyear,thecityhas64regularcollegesanduniversities,913regularsecondaryschools,721regularprimaryschools,andspecialeducation30schools.Thenumberofstudentsinregularcollegesanduniversitieshasincreased,thenumberofgraduateshasdecreased,andthenumberofstudentsandgraduatesinsecondaryprofessionalschoolshasdecreased.Thereareatotalof49institutionsinthecitythattraingraduatestudents,enrolling52,700full-timepostgraduatesthroughouttheyear,enrolling158,500full-timepostgraduates,andgraduating43,100full-timepostgraduates.Theenrollmentrateofnine-yearcompulsoryeducationhasremainedabove99.9%,andtheenrollmentrateofhighschoolfreshmenhasreached99.4%.Bytheendofthe2018schoolyear,therewere19privategeneralcollegesanduniversitiesinthecitywith110,300students;131privategeneralhighschoolswith83,700students;111privateprimaryschoolswith106,600students.Thecityhas26adultsecondaryandhighereducationschools,631adultvocationalandtechnicaltraininginstitutions,and290senioreducationinstitutions.Thereare23off-campuseducationalinstitutionsinthecity.Amongthem,thereare19youthactivitycenters(includingChildren'sPalace),3youthscienceandtechnologystations,and1youthhome.
ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity | MinistryofEducation | Undergraduate | Buildingaworld-classuniversity |
FudanUniversity | |||
TongjiUniversity | |||
EastChinaNormalUniversity | |||
EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology p> | World-classdisciplineconstructionuniversities | ||
DonghuaUniversity | |||
ShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity | |||
ShanghaiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics | |||
ChinesePeople’sLiberationArmyNavalMedicalUniversity | Navy | ||
ShanghaiCustomsCollege | GeneralAdministrationofCustoms | - | |
ShanghaiUniversityofScienceandTechnology | Shanghai,ChineseAcademyofSciences | - | |
UniversityofShanghaiforScienceandTechnology | Shanghai | - | |
ShanghaiMaritimeUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiUniversityofAppliedSciences | - | ||
ShanghaiOceanUniversity | World-classdiscipline-buildinguniversities | ||
ShanghaiUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine p> | |||
ShanghaiNormalUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics | - | ||
EastChinaPoliticsandLawUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiUniversity | World-classdiscipline-buildinguniversities | ||
ShanghaiEngineeringTechnologyTechnicalUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiSecondPolytechnicUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiElectricPowerUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiMedicalCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiInstituteofPhysicalEducation | World-classdiscipline-buildinguniversities | ||
ShanghaiConservatoryofMusic | |||
ShanghaiTheatreAcademy | - | ||
ShanghaiPublicSecurityCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiLixinUniversityofAccountingandFinance p> | - | ||
ShanghaiDianjiUniversity | - | ||
ShanghaiUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw | - | ||
ShanghaiBusinessSchool | - | ||
XiandaSchoolofEconomicsandHumanities,ShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity | ShanghaiMunicipalEducationCommission | IndependentCollege | |
ShanghaiNormalUniversityTianhuaCollege | IndependentCollege | ||
ShanghaiSandaCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiJianqiaoCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiLidaUniversity | PrivateOffice | ||
ShanghaiXingweiCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiInstituteofVisualArts | PrivateOffice | ||
ShanghaiZhongOverseasChineseVocationalandTechnicalUniversity | private | ||
ShanghaiNewYorkUniversity | Sino-foreigncooperationinrunningschools | tr>||
UpHaiCivilAviationVocationalandTechnicalCollege | CivilAviationAdministrationofChina | Specialistcourse | p>- |
ShanghaiTourismCollege | Shanghai | NationalDemonstrativeHigherVocationalCollege | |
ShanghaiPublishingandPrintingCollege | |||
ShanghaiXingjianVocationalCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiUrbanConstructionVocationalCollege | Nationalhigh-qualityjuniorvocationalcolleges | ||
ShanghaiJiaotongVocationalandTechnicalCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiMaritimeVocationalandTechnicalCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiVocationalCollegeofElectronicsandInformationTechnology | NationalQualityVocationalCollege | ||
ShanghaiVocationalCollegeofArtsandCrafts | Nationalexemplaryhighervocationalcolleges Nationalhigh-qualityjuniorvocationalcolleges | ||
ShanghaiVocationalCollegeofScienceandTechnology | - | ||
ShanghaiAgricultureandForestryOccupationInstituteofTechnology | - | ||
ShanghaiTradeUnionManagementVocationalCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiNanhuVocationalandTechnicalCollege | - | ||
ShanghaiDonghaiVocationalandTechnicalCollege | ShanghaiMunicipalEducationCommission | private | |
ShanghaiInstituteofIndustryandCommerce | private | ||
ShanghaiAuroraVocationalCollege | Private | ||
ShanghaiMinyuanVocationalandTechnicalCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiOuhuaVocationalandTechnicalCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiSiboVocationalTechnologyCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiJiguangVocationalandTechnicalCollege | private p>NationalQualityVocationalColleges | ||
ShanghaiBusinessForeignLanguagesVocationalCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiBondVocationalandTechnicalCollege | private | ||
ShanghaiVocationalCollegeofFilmArt | PrivateOffice | ||
ShanghaiScienceandTechnologyManagementCadreInstitute | Shanghai | AdultHigherSchools | Specialty |
ShanghaiHuangpuDistrictAmateurUniversity | Specialty | ||
AmateurUniversityinXuhuiDistrict,Shanghai | Specialistcourse | ||
ShanghaiChangningDistrictAmateurUniversity | Specialty | ||
ShanghaiJing'anAmateurUniversity | Specialty | ||
ShanghaiPutuoDistrictAmateurUniversity | Specialty | ||
ShanghaiYangpuDistrictAmateurUniversity | Specialistcourse | ||
ShanghaiTextileIndustryWorkersUniversity | Specialist | ||
ShanghaiMedicalWorkersUniversity | Specialty | ||
ShanghaiOpenUniversity | Undergraduate | ||
ShanghaiYouthManagementCadreCollege | Specialty | ||
ShanghaiBaoshanAmateurUniversity | Specialty |
PoliticsCollegeoftheNationalDefenseUniversityofthePeople’sLiberationArmy | ShanghaiBranchofChineseAcademyofSciences |
ChinaPudongLeadershipAcademy | SchoolofPharmacy,UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences |
ChinaEuropeInternationalBusinessSchool | ShanghaiAcademyofSciences |
ShanghaiNationalAccountingInstitute | ShanghaiAcademyofSocialSciences p> |
ThePartySchooloftheShanghaiMunicipalCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChina(ShanghaiAdministrationInstitute) | ShanghaiAgricultureAcademyofSciences |
ShanghaiInstituteofVeterinaryMedicine,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences | ChinaFisheriesEastChinaSeaFisheriesResearchInstitute,AcademyofSciences |
ScienceandTechnology
ZhangjiangHigh-techParkinPudongisanationalhigh-techpark.Threenational-levelbaseshavebeenestablished,focusingonthedevelopmentofhigh-techindustriesledbyintegratedcircuits,software,andbiomedicine.ShanghaiPharmaceuticalResearchoftheChineseAcademyofScienceswasfoundedin1932.Itistheoldestcomprehensivepharmaceuticalresearchinstituteinmycountry.Itundertakesscientificresearchtasksformorethan80projectsincludingthe"863"project.
In2020,theannualresearchandexperimentaldevelopment(R&D)expenditurewillbeabout160billionyuan,whichisequivalenttoabout4.1%ofShanghai’sGDP.
In2020,therewillbe190newtechnologysmallgiantenterprisesandsmallgiantcultivationenterprisesinthecity,withatotalofover2,300;19newlyrecognizedtechnology-advancedservicecompanies,withatotalof235recognized.Duringtheyear,7396high-techenterpriseswerenewlyrecognized.Duringthevalidityperiod,thenumberofhigh-techenterprisesreached17,012,andtherewere380high-techenterprisesoutofevery10,000corporatelegalpersons.Inthewholeyear,atotalof16.623billionyuanofincometaxreductionsandexemptionsforhigh-techenterpriseswereimplemented,2,918enterprisesenjoyingincometax,685millionyuanofincometaxreductionsandexemptionsfortechnologicallyadvancedenterprises,and131enterprisesenjoyingincometax.Atotalof845high-techachievementtransformationprojectswererecognizedthroughouttheyear,anincreaseof2.8%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,projectsinkeyfieldssuchaselectronicinformation,biomedicine,newmaterials,advancedmanufacturingandautomationaccountedfor83.6%.Bytheendoftheyear,atotalof13,785high-techachievementtransformationprojectshadbeenidentified.AnumberofmajornationalscientificandtechnologicalinfrastructuressuchassoftX-rays,super-strongandultra-shortlasers,and15functionalplatformsforR&Dandtransformationhavebeenbuilt.
In2020,thenumberofpatentapplicationsforthewholeyearwas214,600,anincreaseof23.6%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,therewere82,800inventionpatents,anincreaseof16.0%;107,000utilitymodelpatents,anincreaseof32.8%;and24,700designpatents,anincreaseof14.6%.Thenumberofpatentsgrantedthroughouttheyearwas139,800,anincreaseof39.0%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,therewere24,200inventionpatents,anincreaseof6.5%;92,200utilitymodelpatents,anincreaseof49.7%;and23,300designpatents,anincreaseof43.9%.ThenumberofPCTinternationalpatentapplicationsinthewholeyearwas3558,anincreaseof29.9%overthepreviousyear.Bytheendoftheyear,thecity'svalidpatentsreached542,500,anincreaseof22.3%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,therewere145,600inventionpatents,anincreaseof12.2%;320,300utilitymodelpatents,anincreaseof26.9%;and76,700designpatents,anincreaseof24.8%.Thenumberofinventionpatentsper10,000peoplereached60.2,anincreaseof12.5%.
In2020,thenumberoftrademarkapplicationsforthewholeyearwas505,300,anincreaseof15.1%overthepreviousyear;thenumberoftrademarkregistrationswas307,400,adecreaseof14.9%,rankingseventhinthecountry.Bytheendof2020,thenumberofvalidtrademarkregistrationsreached1,737,400,anincreaseof18.0%overtheendofthepreviousyear,rankingfifthinthecountry;theactivityoftrademarks(newlyaddedregisteredtrademarksforeverynewmarketentity)reached0.64,adecreaseof23.8%,Anaverageof1.55newmarketentitieswilladd1newregisteredtrademark;trademarkconcentration(averageeffectiveregisteredtrademarkownershipper10,000marketentities)is5,931,anincreaseof8.8%,andanaverageof1.69marketentitiesowns1registeredtrademark.Inthewholeyear,therewere26,811confirmedandregisteredtechnologytransactioncontracts,adecreaseof26.2%overthepreviousyear;thecontractvaluewasRMB1,81.527billion,anincreaseof19.3%.
In2020,wewillfurtherpromotethepilotregistrationsystemfortheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoard.Bytheendoftheyear,therewereatotalof215listedcompaniesandatotalof306.162billionyuanwasraised.Thereare37companieslistedontheScienceandTechnologyInnovationBoardinShanghai,rankingsecondinthecountry;thefinancingamountis109.966billionyuanandthetotalmarketvalueis875.694billionyuan,bothrankingfirstinthecountry.
Medicalandhealth
Bytheendof2018,therewere5,298medicalandhealthinstitutionsinthecitywith206,500healthtechnicians(seeTable18).Inthewholeyear,thecity’smedicalinstitutionscompletedatotalof276millionvisits;theinfantmortalityrateinShanghaiwas3.52‰;thematernalmortalityratewas1.15per100,000,ofwhichthematernalmortalityrateoftheregisteredpopulationwas1.10per100,000;thecity’spermanentpopulation’ssexratioatbirthwas107.
AsofJanuary29,2020,ShanghaihassimultaneouslyappliedChinesemedicineto41confirmedcasesofpneumoniapatientswithnovelcoronavirusinfection,ofwhich14havetakenChinesemedicinedecoctionpiecesand27havetakenChinesepatentmedicine.Theprogramisaimedatthemedicalobservationperiod,clinicaltreatmentperiodandrecoveryperiod,andrecommendsmedicationandprescriptionsbyperiodandclinicalmanifestation.
InNovember2020,itwasselectedintotheNationalMedicalSecurityAdministration’sregionalpoint-basedtotalbudgetandthelistofpilotcitiesforpaymentbydiseasepoints.
Bytheendof2020,thecityhas5,905medicalandhealthinstitutionswith226,400healthtechnicians(seeTable18).Inthewholeyear,thecity'smedicalinstitutionscompletedatotalof241millionvisits;theinfantmortalityrateinShanghaiwas2.66‰;thematernalmortalityrateinShanghaiwas3.66per100,000,ofwhichthematernalmortalityrateoftheregisteredpopulationwas5.62per100,000.
Culturalundertakings
The35th"ShanghaiSpringInternationalMusicFestival",the20thChinaShanghaiInternationalArtsFestival,andthe3rdShanghaiIsaacsweresuccessfullyheldin2018MajorculturaleventssuchastheTernInternationalViolinCompetition,ShanghaiInternationalFilmandTelevisionFestival,andthe6thCitizenCultureFestival.32.55millionpeopleparticipatedinculturalactivitiesthroughouttheyear.Continuetoimplementanewroundof"three-yeartrainingfor10,000people"forpublicculturalpractitioners,andmorethan10,000peopleparticipatedinthetrainingduringtheyear.HistoryMuseum,ITTFMuseum,ChinaSecuritiesMuseum,GuangfulinCulturalHeritagePark,HaichangOceanPark,etc.havebeencompletedandopened.Bytheendoftheyear,thecityhad25municipalanddistrict-levelculturalcenters,massartmuseums,329artperformancegroups,23municipalanddistrict-levelpubliclibraries,49archives,and131museums.Thereare22publicradioprogramsand25publictelevisionprogramsinthecity.Bytheendoftheyear,thecityhad8.04millioncableTVusersand7.36millioncabledigitalTVusers.51TVserieswereproducedthroughouttheyear,withatotalof2190episodes;animationTVwas8388minutes.Atotalof817millionnewspapers,85millionperiodicals,and480millionbookswerepublishedthroughouttheyear;86filmswereproduced.
Successfullyholdmajorculturaleventssuchasthe23rdShanghaiInternationalFilmFestival,the26thShanghaiTVFestival,andShanghaiCitizenCultureFestivalin2020.TheShanghaiTVFestivalfirstlaunchedafull-lineinternationalfilmandtelevisioncloudmarket,andtheproportionofoverseasexhibitorsexceeded50%forthefirsttime.The"WorldofPerformingArtsOnlinePerformingArtsAlliance"wasestablishedduringtheyear,andthenumberofnewperformingartsspacesinthecityincreasedto66.The"WorldofPerformingArts"declaredmorethan13,000domesticperformances.
In2020,inthesecondShanghaiInternationalArtTradeMonth,556auctionsofculturalrelicswereapproved,withaturnoverexceeding3.2billionyuan,ayear-on-yearincreaseof23.0%.In-depthadvancementoftheworkof"buildingscanberead",openingup1,039historicalbuildingsandcompleting2,458two-dimensionalcodeinstallations.19"IntangibleCulturalHeritageintheCommunity"demonstrationprojectsand14demonstrationsiteswereselected.
In2020,morethan30,000onlinepublicculturaleventsincluding"CloudExhibition","CloudPerformance","CloudPark","CloudFestival"and"CloudLive"willbeorganized,attractingmorethan200millionpeopletoparticipate.Majorculturalandtourismfestivalsandexhibitionswillexplorenewmodels.TheLeagueofLegendsS10finalsattracted200millionpeopletowatchonline,and5,000offlineeventsattractedmorethan3millionpeopletoparticipate.
Bytheendof2020,thereare23publiclibrariesinthecity,withatotalcirculationof6.683millionpeople;149museumsonrecord,receiving9.82millionvisitors.Atotalof694millioncopiesofnewspapers,62millioncopiesofvariousperiodicals,and495millioncopiesofbookswerepublishedthroughouttheyear;80filmswereproduced.
Sportscareer
ShanghaiF1InternationalCircuit(2photos)
ShanghaiholdsF1(FormulaOneWorldChampionship)everyyear.),ATP1000TennisMasters,IAAFDiamondLeague,WorldGolfChampionship-HSBCChampionship,ShanghaiSnookerMasters,etc.ShanghaiwasthevenueofthefirstEastAsianGames.Shanghaiisoneoftheco-hostcitiesofthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.The2007Women'sWorldCupfinalsandthe2011WorldSwimmingChampionships.ThemainstadiumsinShanghaiincludeShanghaiStadium,ShanghaiStadium,HongkouFootballStadium,ShanghaiInternationalCircuit,YuanshenSportsCenter,QizhongTennisCenter,ShanghaiOrientalSportsCenter,etc.ShanghaiFootballTeamparticipatinginthetopleague:ShanghaiGreenlandShenhua,ShanghaiSIPG,ShanghaiFootballTeamparticipatinginthesecond-levelleague:ShanghaiShenxin.
In2018,175majorinternationalanddomesticeventsweresuccessfullyheld.SuccessfullyheldF1ChineseGrandPrix,ATP1000TennisMasters,GlobalEquestrianChampionship,ShanghaiInternationalMarathonandotherbrandevents.TheShanghaiCityAmateurLeagueheldatotalof6,186eventsandparticipatedinnearly2.5millionpeople.The16thShanghaiGameswassuccessfullyheld,andabout2.2millionpeopleparticipated.Atotalof76Shanghaiathleteswon19goldmedalsattheJakartaAsianGames.Duringtheyear,89citizenfitnesstrailswerebuilt,72citizencourtswerenewlybuiltorrebuilt,and342citizen'spuzzlefitnesscenterswerebuilt.
Atotalof40majorinternationalanddomesticeventswillbeheldin2020.Brandeventssuchasthe2020ShanghaiMarathonandtheMAGIC3ShanghaiYouthThree-on-ThreeSuperBasketballTournamentweresuccessfullyheld.Innovativelyheldthe3rdCitizens'Games,whichhostednearly6,300offlineeventsand800onlineevents,with10.93millioncitizensparticipating.Duringtheyear,Shanghaiathleteswon24goldmedals,19silvermedals,and30bronzemedalsinthehighestlevelcompetitionsinthecountry.TheShanghaiWomen'sIceHockeyTeamwontheNationalWomen'sIceHockeyChampionship;theShanghaiMen'sVolleyballTeamachievedsixconsecutivechampionshipsintheleague;theShanghaiWomen'sVolleyballTeamwontheleaguerunner-up;theShanghaiRuralCommercialBankWomen'sFootballTeamwontheleaguethirdrunner-up.Majorsportsfacilitiesprojectsareprogressingsmoothly,thefirstphaseofthecitizensportsparkisofficiallyopenedtothepublic,andthe2021WorldRowingChampionshipsrepairprojectiscompleted.Newlyrebuilt112citizenfitnesstrails,585citizen'seducationalfitnesscenters,and96citizenmulti-functionalsportsfields.Bytheendoftheyear,atotalof364socialfootballfieldshadbeenbuilt.In2020,thecity'ssportsvenueswillhaveanareaof58.5051millionsquaremeters,withapercapitaareaof2.409squaremeters.
SocialSecurity
Bytheendof2018,atotalof15,733,700people(includingretirees)inthecityparticipatedinthebasicpensioninsuranceforurbanemployees,and787,000peopleparticipatedinthebasicpensioninsuranceforurbanandruralresidents.Theminimumlivingstandardwasincreasedfrom970yuanperpersonpermonthinthepreviousyearto1,070yuan,anincreaseof10.3%.Themonthlyminimumwagewasraisedfrom2,300yuanto2,420yuan,andthehourlyminimumwagewasraisedfrom20yuanto21yuan.
Bytheendof2018,15.2482millionpeople(includingretirees)inthecityparticipatedinbasicmedicalinsuranceforemployees,and3.4276millionparticipatedinbasicmedicalinsuranceforurbanandruralresidents.
UrbanConstruction
Theassessmentresultoftheimplementationofthestrictestwaterresourcesmanagementsystemin2019wasexcellent.
InJune2020,itwasselectedbytheMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentasasamplecityforurbanphysicalexaminationin2020.
UrbanCompetitiveness
"TheBlueBookofChina'sUrbanCompetitivenessin2011"rankedsecond,andthe"BlueBookofChina'sUrbanCompetitivenessin2013"rankedthird(afterHongKong,Shenzhen).Inthe2013globalcityrankings,HongKongisfifth,Beijingisfourteenth,andShanghaiistwenty-first.Shanghairankedsixthintheworld'stoptenfinancialcentersin2013.In2013,Shanghai'sGDPrankedthirdinAsia(afterTokyoandOsaka)andninthintheworld.OneofChina'stwoAlpha+citiesintheglobalcityclassification(theotherisHongKong).
Shanghaiisthesecondbatchoflow-carbonpilotcitiesinChina.ThecomprehensivescoreofShanghai'sheadquarterseconomydevelopmentcapabilityin2012was83.73points,rankingsecond.Shanghaiwonthetitleof2012CharmCitywithChineseCharacteristics.
截至2018年，上海共有78所高等学校（不含军事院校），包括64所普通高校（其中10所中央部属高校）以及14所成人高校；中国科学院上海分院系统有19家机构（含上海分院），其中法人单位16家，教育职能归口中国科学院大学。
2016年2月，上海获批建设张江综合性国家科学中心。
2017年10月13日，中国（上海）获得2021年第46届世界技能大赛举办权。
2017年12月，上海习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心（院）成立。
交通运输
综述
1874年1月，黄包车从日本输入上海。
1908年9月18日，上海的美商环球供应公司百货商场购置了五辆汽车，为顾客提供汽车出租业务。
1908年3月5日，英籍犹太地产商哈同经营的上海第一条有轨电车从南京路口至延安东路外滩的通车，之后相继发展了12条有轨电车线路，1975年12月1日，上海最后一条有轨电车线，行驶于虹口公园和江湾五角场之间的3路电车停运，当当有声的有轨电车从此退出了上海。自行车曾经是解放后上海最通用的交通工具。1980年代以后，私人逐渐开始购置私人小轿车。
上海已形成由铁路、水路、公路、航空、轨道等5种运输方式组成的，具有超大规模的综合交通运输网络。
上海港是中国最大的枢纽港之一，共有35个客运站，长途班线1611条，可抵达全国14个省市的660个地方。上海市已形成了由地面道路、高架道路、越江隧道和大桥以及地铁、高架式轨道交通组成的立体型市内交通网络。
公路
上海的公共汽车线路数量1000多条，营运车辆1.8万多辆，日均客运量约780万人次，承担着65%的市域公共客运量，是世界上线路最多的城市之一。上海有出租汽车企业270余家，从业人员近11.5万人，出租汽车近43000辆，旅游包车和租赁车等7000多辆。为更好地服务残障人士出租汽车出行需求，上海通过招投标方式推出了200辆以无障碍服务为主的多功能出租汽车，2014年10月11日首批50辆无障碍出租车正式上路运营，200辆无障碍多功能出租车选用英伦TX4车型。
2014年10月25日，虹口足球场（花园路）公交枢纽正式投入运营，成为集地铁站、轻轨站、公交车起始点站、出租车站集合成一体的大型公共交通换乘枢纽，机场四线成为第一条入驻该枢纽的公交运营线路。这个公交枢纽位于凯德龙之梦虹口购物中心商场1层，公交车乘客可通过电梯转乘轨交3号线及8号线。在虹口足球场站换乘的乘客通过商场就能实现“全室内”换乘。
铁路
上海三大火车站：上海站、上海虹桥站、上海南站。
上海虹桥火车站是上海最大、最现代化的铁路客运站。
上海虹桥综合交通枢纽全球范围首开高铁与机场融合之先河。
上海其它小型火车站：安亭北站，金山北站，金山卫站，南翔北站，上海西站，松江站，松江南站，芦潮港站，新桥站，闵行西站，叶榭火车站，亭林站，金山园区站，春申站，车墩站。
高铁：京沪高铁、沪宁城际高铁、沪杭高铁、沪昆高铁、北沿江高速铁路（规划中）
快速铁路：沪苏通铁路
普铁：京沪铁路、沪杭铁路
水运
水路交通主要的海港有外高桥、吴淞码头和洋山深水港。
截至2006年底，上海港海港港区拥有各类码头泊位1140个，其中万吨级以上生产泊位171个，码头线总长为91.6千米。按照码头使用性质分类：公用码头泊位175个，码头线长度为24.6千米，其中生产泊位121个，码头线长度为22.2千米，年货物吞吐能力17051万吨；货主专用码头泊位965个，码头线长度为67千米，其中生产泊位495个，码头线长度为38.2千米。上海港内河港区有码头泊位818个，最大靠泊能力3000吨级。集装箱吞吐量中，内支线集装箱量202.6万标准箱，国际中转箱78.5万标准箱，内贸集装箱吞吐量313.7万标准箱。截止2006年底，上海港集装箱班轮航班达到每月2106班，其中，远洋航线498班，近洋航线535班，内支线794班，内贸航线每月279班。
主要区位因素：上海港是长江三角洲上的一个河口港，可以兼作海港，主要港区沿黄浦江分布。三角洲地势平坦开阔，为港口设备、建筑，以及上海市进行合理的平面布置提供了有利条件，长江和黄浦江一方面为港口提供淡水，另一方面保证了船舶入港的宽度和大量船舶抛锚的空间。
上海港2013年前五个月共处理了1270万个20柜，而其对手新加坡的箱量为1210万个20柜。
由于越来越多生产商在劳动力成本低廉的中国西部及内陆设厂，上海预计未来五年的吞吐量年均增速将在10%左右。陈戌源表示，西部及内陆地区制造业产量增加将惠及上海，长三角地区将会继续成为中国经济增长的火车头。
航空
虹桥国际机场(6张)
上海拥有上海虹桥国际机场和上海浦东国际机场两座国际机场。上海空港是东方航空、中国国际货运航空、中国货运航空和中国最大的两家民营航空春秋和吉祥的主要基地。浦东国际机场(3张)
上海浦东国际机场（IATA：PVG；ICAO：ZSPD）是中国（包括港、澳、台）三大国际机场之一，与北京首都国际机场、香港国际机场并称中国三大国际航空港。上海浦东国际机场位于上海浦东长江入海口南岸的滨海地带，距市中心约30千米。距上海虹桥国际机场约52千米。上海浦东国际机场的航班量占到整个上海机场的六成左右，国际旅客吞吐量位居国内机场首位，货邮吞吐量位居世界机场第三位。通航浦东机场的中外航空公司已达48家，航线覆盖90余个国际（地区）城市、62个国内城市。上海虹桥国际机场（IATA：SHA；ICAO：ZSSS）位于上海市西郊，距市中心仅13千米，多年来，虹桥机场一直是上海空港的代名词。
2016年12月12日，上海浦东国际机场与上海虹桥国际机场年旅客吞吐量突破1亿人次，上海，继伦敦、纽约、东京、亚特兰大之后，成为全球第5个航空旅客跨入亿级“俱乐部”的城市。
轨道交通
截至2021年1月，上海已拥有包括地铁、轻轨、磁悬浮等轨道交通线路共19条，运营里程共772千米（含磁浮线29千米），运营里程居全国第一位，已形成初步的网络格局。
上海地铁于20世纪90年代初正式营运，是中国大陆地区继北京、天津地铁建成通车后建造的第三个城市轨道交通系统。截至2021年1月，上海地铁共有车站459座，里程772千米。运营规模居世界第一。2017年，上海地铁日均客运量969.3万人次，总客运量达到35.38亿人次。是世界上地铁最繁忙的城市之一。地铁线路将中心城区密集覆盖，并连接了大多数区县。
上海还建有磁悬浮项目——上海浦东机场线，全场30.5千米，连接地铁龙阳路站和上海浦东国际机场，这也是世界上第一条投入商业运作的磁悬浮铁路。上海浦东机场和虹桥枢纽之间的磁悬浮专线正在逐步推进中，尚在技术方案制定的阶段。
此外，用于连接郊区金山和上海南站的市郊通勤铁路——上海金山城市市郊快速铁路已于2012年9月28日建成通车，这是中国大陆地区首条利用铁路网开行通勤列车的线路。
上海的轨道交通还有一种形式——有轨电车。上海共建有数条有轨电车线路，包括张江有轨电车、松江有轨电车。
上海地铁11号线花桥段2013年10月16日上午9:30起开站试运营，实现了上海和江苏昆山的区域一体化。
上海地铁15号线桂林路站将于2021年6月27日首班车起开通初期运营。届时，772公里的上海轨道交通运营网络中(含磁浮)，车站数将增至460座，换乘站增至65座。
历史文化
方言
上海话，是一种吴语方言，属于吴语太湖片苏沪嘉小片。
上海话一般是指上海市区话，也就是被广泛使用和认同的上海主流通用方言。松江本地话是上海话的基础。上海话是上海开埠以后吴语区各地移民口音在松江话基础上自然融合而成的新型城市吴语，成为吴语区的代表和共通语言。语音受移民中占优势的宁波和苏州两地影响巨大。吴语上海话是上海文化及气质的载体，是海派文化的重要根基。上海话也和老洋房、弄堂、石库门、旗袍等一样，成为了上海风情的代表性符号。
广义的上海话还包括上海郊区各大方言，上海郊区各乡镇属于典型的江南文化。上海旧属松江府，上海本地话包括松江话、嘉定话、浦东话、崇明话、金山话、青浦话、奉贤话等各区县方言。上海话是在上海悠久历史中形成的方言，有深厚文化积淀，语音、词语和语法现象反映江东文化信息。
上海话融合了北部吴语的主流特征，是吴语太湖片的强势方言，上海话曾经在80年代前成为吴越地区通用语。新世纪以来，由于普通话的推广，上海话在吴语区的影响力有所降低。上海少年一代对于上海话的掌握能力开始下降，社会上也出现了一些保护上海话的行动。上海话的使用和发展一直是上海社会讨论的话题。
饮食
上海特色小吃(10张)
上海人称的本帮菜指的是上海本地风味的菜肴，特色可有用浓油赤酱（油多味浓、糖重、色艳）概括。常用的烹调方法以红烧、煨、糖为主，品味咸中带甜，油而不腻。本帮炒菜中，荤菜中特色菜有响油鳝糊、油爆河虾、油酱毛蟹、锅烧河鳗、红烧圈子、佛手肚膛、红烧回鱼、黄焖栗子鸡等，真正体现本帮菜浓油赤酱的特点。上海蔬菜按季节不同有各种时令菜。马兰头、荠菜、鸡毛菜、上海小油菜等都非常清爽。市民早点——四大金刚：大饼、油条、粢饭、豆腐浆。
宗教
和中国内地其他地方一样，上海有5种宗教是得到中国政府承认的合法宗教：佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主教和新教。有宗教信仰群众88.76万人，已登记开放的宗教活动场所有394个，有宗教团体85个、在沪宗教院校4所、宗教出版机构2个。宗教界全年捐赠慈善公益事业共3825万元。历史上上海还曾经存在过许多其他宗教，例如犹太教、东正教、锡克教等。
电影
电影传入中国从上海开始。从1896年到1898年，一个美国商人先后在上海福建北路唐家弄的徐园、泥城桥下的奇园，以及天花茶园等处，短期放映美、法等国的短片，如《俄国皇帝游历法京巴里府》等，并在当时《申报》上刊登电影广告，引起轰动。1931年华光片上有声电影公司在日本完成中国第一部片上发音影片《雨过天晴》。1949年前，中国的电影业基本集中于上海，而在上海有过制片活动的电影企业，总数约200家。
上海电影集团有限公司是中国利润最高的电影公司之一，2008年利润（2.16亿）相当于中国电影集团公司（0.15亿）的近20倍。2001年，中国首座IMAX电影院落户上海，IMAX的亚太区总部位于上海。
电视
2001年，上海电视台、上海东方电视台和上海有线电视台合并组建为上海东方传媒集团有限公司（SMG）。广播事业也从原来一个单一的上海人民广播电台，演变成很多调频，调幅各种不同内容的电台。
上海东方传媒集团有限公司（SMG）中也包括上海人民广播电台和上海东方广播电台。另外还有上海教育电视台和辐射全国乃至世界的卫星频道东方卫视。
戏曲
上海地标集(6张)
海派特色的滑稽戏产生于抗日战争中期，由上海的曲艺“独脚戏”接受了中外喜剧、闹剧和江南各地方戏曲的影响而逐步形成的新兴戏曲剧种。因为方言隔阂，只流行于上海、苏南、浙江等吴语地区。一人演出的滑稽曲艺称作“独脚戏”。沪剧（旧时也称申曲）是用上海话演唱的上海本地戏曲。上海说唱、浦东说书等也是上海特色曲艺。
苏州评弹、越剧等江苏南部、浙江北部的曲艺，因其与上海语言文化相近，在沪上拥有许多观众。
报刊
申报(3张)
《申报》创刊于1872年4月，至1949年5月上海解放时停刊，是近代中国出版最早、历史最悠久的报纸。《新民晚报》创办于1929年，也是一份发行全国的有影响力的报纸。《解放日报》、《文汇报》是上海的政府性报纸。新闻时政类的报纸还有：《新闻晨报》、《青年报》、《东方早报》。生活服务类的报纸有《上海壹周》、《申江服务导报》、《上海星期三》、《外滩画报》等。另外知名的报纸还有：《东方体育日报》、《上海证券报》、《第一财经日报》。英语报纸有《ShanghaiDaily》、《ShanghaiStar》等。音乐
上海是中国近代流行乐的发源地之一，上海音乐学院是亚洲顶尖的音乐学府，上海的流行乐曾一度风靡东南亚，部分歌曲被美国歌手英文翻唱后曾一度创下连续数月雄踞美国流行歌曲排行榜冠军的传奇。大量歌曲脍炙人口如夜上海、夜来香、何日君再来、天涯歌女、上海滩等都已成不朽经典。
会展
上海举办的会展数量居全国前列，会展年总收入占全国近50%。上海国际车展是亚洲展出规模最大的车展之一，跨国公司全球首发车数量位居全国前列。上海的ChinaJoy则是全球三大互动娱乐展之一。
节庆
上海的文化节日有上海国际电视节、上海国际电影节、上海国际艺术节、上海国际旅游节、上海之春国际音乐节等。上海电视节是中国创办最早的国际电视节，1986年创立。上海国际电影节创办于1993年，是国际九大A类电影节之一，最高奖项为“金爵奖”。
城市象征
上海市市花1986年经上海市人大常委会审议通过。在上海的气候条件下，白玉兰开花特别早。清明节前，它就会繁花盛开。白玉兰洁白如玉，晶莹皎洁，开放时朵朵向上，溢满清香。
上海市市标1990年经上海市人大常委会审议通过。上海市市标是以市花白玉兰、沙船和螺旋桨三者组成的三角形图案，图案似轮船的螺旋桨，象征着上海是一座不断前进的城市；图案中心扬帆出海的沙船，是上海最古老的船舶，象征着上海是一座历史悠久的港口城市；沙船的背景是迎着早春盛开的白玉兰，展示了城市的勃勃生机。
风景名胜
自然风景
佘山国家森林公园、东滩湿地公园、淀山湖、奉贤碧海金沙、上海野生动物园、上海植物园、上海世纪公园、滴水湖、陆家嘴中心绿地。
人文古迹
枫泾古镇 | 朱家角镇 | 老城隍庙 | 玉佛寺 | 大观园 |
七宝古镇 | 上海文庙 | 上海老街 | 静安寺 | 下海庙 |
鲁迅故居 | 蔡元培故居 | 方塔园 | 古城公园 | 宋庆龄故居 |
玉佛禅寺 | 韬奋纪念馆 | 大韩民国临时政府旧址 | 刘海粟美术馆 | |
中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址纪念馆 | 长宁区革命文物陈列馆 | |||
中华人民共和国名誉主席宋庆龄陵园 | 宋教仁墓 | 德艺陶瓷陈列馆 | 鲁迅墓 | |
陶行知纪念馆 | 宝山烈士陵园 | 黄炎培故居 | 周恩来故居 | 张闻天故居 |
叶家花园 | 土山湾博物馆 | 徐光启纪念馆 | 黄道婆纪念馆 | 复旦大学博物馆 |
董浩云航运博物馆（上海交通大学内） | 陈云故居 | 徐汇中学 | ||
长宁区革命文物陈列馆 | 刘海粟美术馆 | 徐悲鸿故居 | 沐恩堂 | |
国际饭店 | 龙华塔 | 醉白池 | 松江方塔 | 豫园 |
青龙塔 | 松江唐经幢 | 龙华烈士陵园 | 普陀区真如古镇 | 松江西林禅寺 |
国泰电影院 | 花园饭店 | 大世界 | 马勒别墅 | - |
截至2020年底，上海共有A级景区（点）99家，其中5A级景区（点）3家，4A级景区（点）68家。
历史建筑
中共一大会址 | 中共二大会址 | 和平饭店 | 汇中饭店 |
百乐门 | 上海美术馆 | 国际饭店 | 大光明电影院 |
大世界 | 国泰大戏院 | 武康大楼 | 徐家汇天主堂 |
沙逊大厦 | 枕流公寓 | 美琪大戏院 | 兰心大戏院 |
百老汇大厦 | 黑石公寓 | 马勒别墅 | 沙逊别墅 |
上海音乐厅 | 花园饭店 | 浦江饭店 | 仙乐斯广场 |
沐恩堂圣母院 | 上海自然博物馆 | 小红楼 | 西郊宾馆 |
1933老场坊 | 永安百货 | 爱丁堡公寓 | 基督青年会 |
上海工艺美术博物馆 | 大可堂普洱会 | 孙中山故居 | 宋庆龄故居 |
鲁迅纪念馆 | 金门大酒店 | 衡山路 | 静安区石库门建筑区 |
大上海计划核心区（原市政府大厦） | 上海图书馆 | 江湾体育场 | 雷士德工学院旧址 |
原国立音乐院（上海音乐学院） | 中华航空协会飞机楼 | 龙华寺及古塔 | 原沪江大学（上海理工大学） |
老西门 | 小南门 | 河南路桥 | 外白渡桥 |
现代建筑
东方明珠电视塔、金茂大厦、环球金融中心、上海中心大厦、中华艺术宫（原世博会中国馆）、世博会主题馆、上海国际金融中心、上海科技馆、港汇恒隆广场、正大广场、上海欢乐谷、梅赛德斯奔驰文化中心（原世博文化中心）、尚街、8号桥、M50创意园、智造局、同乐坊、上海迪士尼乐园、国家会展中心
餐饮购物
新外滩景色(3张)
上海拥有世界各国的饮食文化、经典时尚的购物和浓郁商业气息。西餐汇聚世界各地30多个国家的风味。中餐汇聚中国几乎所有地方风味，著名的有老城隍庙、云南路、黄河路、仙霞路等饮食文化区。中华商业第一街南京路、时尚高雅的淮海路是闻名全国的商业大街，正大广场、徐家汇的港汇恒隆广场，南京西路的恒隆广场、中信泰富广场等。
著名人物
政治人物 | 顾正红、顾维钧、厉声教、刘华、汪寿华、侯绍裘、李启汉、杨培生、赵世炎、王荷波、李汉俊、王一飞、罗亦农、向警予、郑覆他、苏兆征、李一谔、彭湃、杨殷、林育南、厉尔康、何孟雄、李求实、柔石、胡也频、殷夫、冯铿、恽代英、龙大道、向忠发、蔡和森、杨贤江、蒋光慈、李硕勋、应修人、黄励、罗登贤、邓中夏、沈泽民、顾作霖、顾顺章、钱亦石、俞秀松、黄文杰、茅丽瑛、徐阿梅、项英、朱镜我、张浩、杨洁篪、杨晓渡、陆昊、李鹏（四川成都人，1928年10月20日生于上海）、王文涛（江苏南通人，1964年5月出生于上海）、唐登杰（1964年6月生，江苏建湖人，上海出生）、章建华 |
工商人物 | 严信厚、徐润、陈润夫、周金箴、毛祖模、朱葆三、曾铸、邵琴涛、李云书、孙多森、王一亭、虞洽卿、沈联芳、贝润生、严子均、宋汉章、傅筱庵、林康侯、穆藕初、秦润卿、袁履登、聂云台、赵晋卿、冯少山、徐寄庼、盛丕华、蒉延芳、方椒伯、王晓籁、俞佐廷、杜月笙、刘鸿生、吴蕴初、胡厥文、席文光、郭琳爽、魏如、唐君远、朱鸿仪、刘靖基、郭棣活、王性尧、胡子婴、刘念义、吴志超、胡世俊、叶仲若 |
文化人物 | 科技界：朱克柔、许克昌、朱清、黄道婆、任仁发、曹知白、陈椿、杨维祯、陆咏、徐复、夏原吉、倪思宽、徐枢、李至刚、徐彪、杨青、夏寅、何全、徐贯、徐光启、盛国芳、孙元化、施沛、张涟、郁士魁、李中梓、蒋平阶、顾大申、李延罡、何炫、周南、朱鸿宝、沈璠、雷大升、唐千顷、何世仁、顾锡、徐朝俊、丁佩、褚华、顾观光、张福僖、张文虎、李善兰、徐寿、何长治 |
教育界：黄炎培、厉麟似、杨贤江、陈鹤琴、马相伯、胡敦复、张寿镛、孟宪承、朱经农、平海澜、潘序伦、刘湛恩、俞庆棠、沈体兰、薛正 | |
文艺界：张爱玲、阮玲玉、黄协埙、蔡尔康、韩邦庆、唐丽玲、李佳白、汪康年、陈范、高太痴、孙玉声、吴沃尧、罗振玉、席子佩、福开森、李宝嘉、金世如、孟森、张继斋、杨笃生、张蕴和、狄楚青、徐念慈、汪汉溪、林白水、杨度、包天笑、邓实、高天梅、陈冷、裘毓芳、陈其美、高吹万 | |
体育界：吴殳、褚士宝、薛丙、王一亭、吴鉴泉、陈铁笙、蒋维乔、陈子正、佟忠义、吴祥麐、王季鲁、徐一冰、王子平、陈微明、马约翰、卢炜昌、吴志青、谢侠逊、向恺然、蒋湘青、陈英梅、陈公哲、陆品琳、凌希陶、庞醒跃、陈汉强、姜容樵、梁扶初、胡荣华、邵汝干、吴蕴瑞、王子晏、王怀琪、顾水如、张澹如、余衡之、郭希汾、陈梦渔、沈嗣良、吴澂、刘棣怀、唐豪、沈体兰、金兆钧、袁宗泽、吴邦伟、周德裕、沈昆男、丁景清、邱飞海 | |
卫生界：何侃、何天祥、徐枢、何全、金学曙、李中梓、李延昰、王宏翰、李用粹、何炫、何世仁、何书田、何鸿舫、周雪樵、蔡小香、蔡香荪、陈莲舫、张骧云、丁甘仁、丁仲英、丁济万、朱南山、朱小南、朱鹤皋、包识生、恽铁樵、夏应堂、夏理彬、曹颖甫、陈筱宝、陈盘根、余伯陶、朱子云、朱仲云、谢观、夏墨农、祝味菊、丁福保、陆渊雷、徐小圃、徐仲才、章次公、刘民权、余无言、石筱山、石幼山、唐亮臣、顾渭川、顾筱岩、顾伯华、夏仲方、严苍山、陆瘦燕、秦伯未、姚和清、章巨膺、程门雪、王子平、陈道隆、吴涵秋、杨永璇、黄文东、金寿山 | |
注：部分名录 |
城市荣誉
2015年，当选为“2015中国十大智慧城市”。
2015年，荣获“2015中国最具幸福感城市”称号。
2016年和2017年，中国百强城市排行榜，上海排名第二。
2016年和2017年中国城市分级榜单第二位。
2017年12月，获首批“国家公交都市建设示范城市”称号。
2017年12月24日，获评2017中国特色魅力城市200强。
2017年12月26日，入选“2017年度中国最具投资潜力城市50强”。
2017年12月29日，入选“2017世界特色魅力城市200强”。
2018年3月，2017中国城市综合发展指标第二位。
2018年4月，入选“2018畅游中国100城”。
2018年10月，全球城市竞争力排行榜，上海排名第14。
2018年10月，中国城市综合实力排行榜，上海排名第2。
2018年11月，《2018自然指数－科研城市》全球第7位、中国第2位。“国家中心城市指数”报告，上海排名第二，为国家重要中心。中国法治政府评估排名第六。2018中国城市营商环境质量指数排名第3。2018年城市产业竞争力指数排名第2。GaWC发布2018年世界级城市名册，上海位居世界一线城市。
2018年度《中国国家旅游》最佳优质旅游城市。英国皇家学会《2018-亚洲50强城市综合排名》第4位。2018中国大陆最佳商业城市排名第2。2018中国城市科技创新发展指数排名第3。创新力最强的30个城市第4名。2018年中国城市创新竞争力排名第2，2018年中国城市营商环境综合排名第2。2018年“中国外贸百强城市”排名第2。
2019年7月11日，2019新华-波罗的海国际航运中心发展指数发布，上海位列全球第4位。
2019年8月9日，“中国人工智能产业发展潜力城市20强榜单”发布，上海进入前20名。
2019年9月3日，公布了2019世界旅游城市发展排行榜综合排行，上海排行第九。
2019年9月19日，由英国智库Z/Yen集团与中国（深圳）综合开发研究院共同编制的第26期全球金融中心指数报告（GFCI26）在伦敦和深圳同时发布。上海排名第五。
2019年9月23日，“2019年中国百强城市排行榜”发布，上海排名第二。
2019年11月3日，“中国城市绿色竞争力排名TOP100”发布，上海排名第10。
2019年11月12日，“2019年全球城市经济竞争力榜单”发布，上海位列第10位；“2019年全球可持续竞争力榜单”第29位。
2019年12月，上海获新时代中国繁荣城市荣誉，2019中国城市创意指数榜第二名，“2019年中国康养城市排行榜50强”第14位，中国“数字一线城市”排名第二。2019年全球城市500强榜单第12名。
2020年1月，“中国城市科技创新发展指数2019”发布，上海排名第三。入选“综合型信息消费示范城市”。
2020年3月，成为综合运输服务示范城市。
2020年6月18日，《2019中国城市营商环境报告》发布，上海综合排名第二。
2020年7月6日，中央广播电视总台《中国经济生活大调查》重磅发布2019-2020年度“中国十大美好生活城市”榜单，上海上榜。
2020年8月，入选“2019年中国外贸百强城市”名单。
2020年10月，上榜“2020中国旅游城市排行榜”排名第3名。
2020年11月28日，被评为2020中国宜居宜业城市。
2020年12月25日，被国家卫生健康委等授予“无偿献血先进省(市)奖”。
2021年4月16日，入选2020年十佳数字阅读城市。
2021年5月6日，住建部官网公布智慧城市基础设施与智能网联汽车（“双智”）协同发展首批示范城市，上海等6市入选。
2021年5月，智联招聘和泽平宏观联合发布的《中国城市人才吸引力排名报告》显示，上海位居“2020年最具人才吸引力城市100强”第三名。
2021年7月12日，入选商务部等8单位公布的第一批全国供应链创新与应用示范城市名单。
2021年7月26日，在全国开放数林标杆城市中排名第一。
2021年7月，入选国际消费中心城市培育建设。
2021年9月2日，上海市长宁区、普陀区入选全国首批30个城市一刻钟便民生活圈试点地区。
2021年9月8日，入选国家首批营商环境创新试点城市。
对外交流
友好国家和地区
至1973年横滨成为第一个与上海发展友好关系的城市，随后逐渐遍布五大洲。截止2021年1月31日，上海市及相关区已与世界上59个国家的91个市（省、州、大区、道、府、县或区）建立了友好城市(区)关系或友好交流关系。在上海设立领事机构的国家已达62个。大多为总领事馆，并服务于华东地区。
上海合作组织
1996年4月26日，中国、俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦五国元首在上海举行首次会晤。自此，“上海五国”会晤机制正式建立。2001年6月14日至15日，“上海五国”元首在上海举行第六次会晤，乌兹别克斯坦以完全平等的身份加入“上海五国”。2001年6月15日，6国的元首举行首次会晤并签署《上海合作组织成立宣言》，上海合作组织正式成立。
2017年6月9日，在上海合作组织阿斯塔纳峰会上，印度和巴基斯坦正式加入上海合作组织。这是上海合作组织2001年成立以来首次扩大。
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