Scripting language

Overview

Definition

Scriptlanguages,scriptingprogramminglanguages,scriptinglanguages​​areusedtoshortenthetraditionalwriting-compiling-link-run(edit-compile-link-run)processtocreateacomputerprogramminglanguage.Althoughmanyscriptinglanguages​​havesurpassedthefieldofsimplecomputertaskautomationandarematureenoughtowritesophisticatedprograms,theyarestillcalledscripts.Almostallcomputersystemshaveascriptinglanguageatalllevels.Includingtheoperatingsystemlayer,suchascomputergames,networkapplications,wordprocessingdocuments,networksoftware,etc.Inmanyways,high-levelprogramminglanguages​​andscriptinglanguages​​crosseachother,andthereisnoclearboundarybetweenthetwo.Ascriptcanautomateinteractiveoperationsthatwouldotherwisebeperformedwiththekeyboard.AShellscriptismainlycomposedofcommandsthatoriginallyneedtobeenteredonthecommandline,orinatexteditor,userscanusescriptstocombinesomecommonlyusedoperationsintoasetofsequences.Thelanguagemainlyusedtowritesuchscriptsiscalledscriptinglanguage.Manyscriptinglanguages​​actuallyexceedthesimpleusercommandsequenceinstructions,andcanalsowritemorecomplexprograms.

Introduction

Thescriptlanguageisacomputerprogramminglanguagecreatedtoshortenthetraditionaledit-compile-link-runprocess.Itsnamingoriginatedfromascript"screenplay",whichwillrepeatthedialogboxverbatimeverytimeitisrun.Earlyscriptinglanguages​​areoftenreferredtoasbatchprocessinglanguages​​orjobcontrollanguages.

Ascriptisusuallyinterpretedandexecutedratherthancompiled.Scriptinglanguages​​usuallyhavesimple,easy-to-learn,andeasy-to-usefeatures.Thepurposeistoallowprogrammerstoquicklycompleteprogramwriting.Themacrolanguagecanberegardedasabranchofthescriptinglanguage,andthetwoalsohavesubstantialsimilarities.

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Features

1.Scriptinglanguage(JavaScript,VBscript,etc.)isbetweenHTMLandC,C++,Java,C#,etc.Betweenprogramminglanguages.HTMLisusuallyusedforformattingandlinkingtext.Theprogramminglanguageisusuallyusedtoissueaseriesofcomplexinstructionstothemachine.

2.Therearemanysimilaritiesbetweenscriptinglanguages​​andprogramminglanguages.Itsfunctionsaremoresimilartoprogramminglanguages,andvariablesarealsoinvolved.Thebiggestdifferencewithprogramminglanguages​​isthatthegrammarandrulesofprogramminglanguages​​aremorestrictandcomplicated.

3.Relationshipwithprogramcode:Scriptisalsoalanguage,whichisalsocomposedofprogramcode.

4.Scriptinglanguageisaninterpretivelanguage,suchasPython,vbscript,javascript,installshieldscript,ActionScript,etc.,unlikec\c++,etc.,itcanbecompiledintobinarycodeandexecutablefileThescriptlanguagedoesnotneedtobecompiledandcanbeuseddirectly,andtheinterpreterisresponsiblefortheinterpretation.

5.Scriptinglanguages​​generallyexistintheformoftext,similartoacommand.

Forexample,ifyoucreateaprogramcalledaaa.exe,youcanopenafilewith.aaastheextension,andspecifyasetofrules(grammar)forthewritingof.aafiles.Afterwritingthe.aafile,yourprogramusesthiskindofrulestounderstandthewriter'sintentionandrespond,thenthissetofrulesisascriptinglanguage.

6.Relativetocompiledcomputerprogramminglanguages:Whenaprogramdevelopedinascriptlanguageisexecuted,itisinterpretedandexecutedbyitscorrespondinginterpreter(orvirtualmachine).Thesystemprogramminglanguageispre-compiledintomachinelanguageandexecuted.Themainfeatureofthescriptlanguageis:theprogramcodeisthescriptprogram,andalsothefinalexecutablefile.Scriptinglanguages​​canbedividedintostand-aloneandembeddedtypes.Thestand-alonescriptinglanguagecompletelyreliesontheinterpreterwhenitisexecuted,whiletheembeddedscriptinglanguageisusuallyembeddedandusedinprogramminglanguages​​(suchasC,C++,VB,Java,etc.).

7.Comparedwiththesystemprogramminglanguage:thedifferenceisthatthescriptinglanguageisinterpretedwhilethesystemprogramminglanguageiscompiled.Theinterpretedlanguageprovidesfastconversionbecausethereisnocompiletime,byallowinguserstowriteapplicationsatruntimewithouttheneedforatime-consumingcompilation/packagingprocess.Theinterpretermakestheapplicationmoreflexible,andthecodeofthescriptinglanguagecanbegeneratedandexecutedinrealtime.Scriptinglanguages​​usuallyhavesimple,easy-to-learn,andeasy-to-usefeatures.Thepurposeistoallowprogrammerstoquicklycompleteprogramwriting.

Features

Advantages

Rapiddevelopment:Thescriptinglanguagegreatlysimplifiesthecycleprocessof"development,deployment,testing,anddebugging".

Easytodeploy:Mostscriptinglanguages​​canbedeployedatanytimewithoutthetime-consumingcompilation/packagingprocess.

Integrationwithexistingtechnology:ThescriptinglanguageissurroundedbycomponenttechnologiessuchasJavaorCOM,sothecodecanbeeffectivelyused.

Easytolearnanduse:Thetechnicalrequirementsofmanyscriptinglanguages​​areusuallylower,soitiseasiertofindalargenumberofsuitabletechnicalpersonnel.

Dynamiccode:Thecodeofscriptinglanguagecanbegeneratedandexecutedinrealtime.Thisisanadvancedfeature,whichisveryusefulandnecessaryinsomeapplications(suchasdynamictypesinJavaScript).

Disadvantages

Thescriptinglanguageisnotcomprehensiveenough:theywillrequiretheexistenceofa"real"programminglanguage,andadatabasedrivermustbefoundtobebuiltintothescriptinglanguage.

Scriptinglanguages​​arenotthebestchoiceforsoftwareengineeringandbuildingcodestructures,suchasobject-orientedandcomponent-baseddevelopment.

Scriptinglanguages​​areusuallynot"universal"languages,butcanbeadjustedaccordingtospecificapplications,suchasPHP.

Applicationanddevelopment

Application

1. Asabatchprocessinglanguageorworkcontrollanguage.Manyscriptinglanguages​​areusedtoperformone-timetasks,especiallysystemmanagement.DOS,WindowsbatchfilesandUnixshellscriptsbelongtothisapplication;

2. Existasgeneralprogramminglanguages,suchasPerl,Python,Ruby,etc.Theyarestillcalledscriptinglanguages​​duetofeaturessuchas"interpretationexecution,memorymanagement,anddynamics".Buttheyhavebeenusedinapplicationprogramming,andusersdonotregardthemasscriptinglanguages;

3. Manylarge-scaleapplicationsincludecustomaryscriptinglanguages​​customizedaccordingtouserneeds.Similarly,manycomputergamesystemsuseacustomscriptinglanguagetorepresentthepre-programmedactionsofNPC(Non-PlayerCharacter,Non-PlayableCharacter,Non-PlayerClass)andthegameenvironment.Suchlanguages​​areusuallydesignedforasingleapplication.Althoughtheylooklikesomecommonlanguages​​(suchasQuakeC,ModeledAfterC),theyhavecustomfunctions;

4. Embeddedscriptinglanguageinwebpages.Thewell-knownHTML(HyperTextMark-upLanguage)isHyperTextMark-upLanguage,whichisascriptinglanguage,anditsinterpreterisabrowser.JavaScriptisstillthemainprogramminglanguageinwebbrowsersuntilnow,anditsECMAScriptstandardizationensuresthatithasbecomeapopulargeneral-purposeembeddedscriptinglanguage.Inaddition,withthedevelopmentofdynamicwebtechnology,scriptinglanguages​​embeddedinwebpagessuchasASP,JSP,PHP,etc.arebeingwidelyused,butthesescriptsneedtobeinterpretedbytheWebServer,andHtmlisexecutedbythebrowser;

5. Thescriptlanguageisembeddedandusedinthesystemapplicationasaninterfacebetweentheuserandthesystem.Inthefieldofindustrialcontrol,PLCprogrammingandthescriptlanguageofconfigurationsoftwareareimportantmeanstoexpandthefunctionsoftheconfigurationsystem;inthefieldofcommunicationplatforms,IVR(automaticvoiceresponse)processprogramming;Officeofficesoftware,providedmacrosandVBA;otherapplicationsoftwareForexample,BasicMacroEditorprovidedbyERStudio,userscanwriteSaxBasicscriptstomanipulateERdiagrams,generateAccesslibraries,exportWorddocumentsandotherextendedfunctions.

Developmentstatus

Scriptingtechnologyhasbenefitedfromtheaccelerateddevelopmentofcomputerhardware.Insomecases,eventhesystemprogramminglanguageisnoteffectiveenough,sotheapplicationprogramhastobewritteninassembly.Today'smachinesare100to500timesfasterthanin1980,andarestillgrowingatarateofdoublingevery18months.Therapidimprovementofcomputerperformancehasmadecomputerprogramsmoreandmorecomplex.Therefore,developmenttimeisfarmorepressingthanrunningtime.Atthistime,thescriptlanguage,asasupplementtothesystemprogramminglanguage,begantobeprovidedbythemaincomputerplatformsatthesametime.Programminglanguages​​havechangedfromacontradictionbetweenlow-performancehardwareandexecutionefficiencytoacontradictionbetweenrapidlychangingmarketneedsandinefficientdevelopmenttools.Therefore,thedevelopmentofscriptinglanguages​​hasaninevitabletrendinsoftwaredevelopment.

Scriptlanguageclassification

WorkcontrollanguageandShell

Shellscript

Suchscriptsareusedtoautomateworkcontrol,namelystartandControlthebehaviorofsystemprograms.Mostscriptinglanguageinterpretersarealsocommand-lineinterfaces,suchasUnixshellandMS-DOScommand.Others,suchasAppleScript,canaddascriptingenvironmenttothesystem,butthereisnocommandlineinterface.

Specificcategoriesare:

1.4NT

2.AppleScript

3.ARexx(AmigaRexx)

4.bash

5.csh

6.DCL

7.JCL

8.ksh

9.Cmd.exebatch(Windows,OS/2)

10.commandbatch(DOS)

11.REXX

12.tcsh

13.sh

14.Winbatch

15.WindowsPowerShell

16.WindowsScriptHost

17.zsh

GUIscript

TheappearanceofGUIbringsaprofessionalscriptinglanguageforcomputercontrol.Itinteractsbetweentheuserandthegraphicalinterface,menus,buttons,etc.Itisoftenusedtoautomaterepetitiveactionsortosetastandardstate.Intheory,itcanbeusedtocontrolallapplicationsrunningonaGUI-basedcomputer,butinfact,whethertheselanguages​​aresupporteddependsontheapplicationandtheoperatingsystemitself.Wheninteractingthroughthekeyboard,theselanguages​​arealsocalledmacrolanguages.

Thespecificcategoriesare:

1.AutoHotkey

2.AutoIt

3.Expect

ApplicationCustomizedscriptinglanguage

Manylarge-scaleapplicationsincludecustomscriptinglanguages​​thatarecustomizedaccordingtouserneeds.Similarly,manycomputergamesystemsuseacustomscriptinglanguagetorepresentthepre-programmedactionsofNPC(non-playercharacter,non-playablecharacter,non-playerclass)andthegameenvironment.

Suchlanguages​​areusuallydesignedforasingleapplication.Althoughtheylooklikesomecommonlanguages​​(suchasQuakeC,modeledafterC),theyhavecustomfunctions.

Specificclassification:

1.ActionCodeScript

2.ActionScript

3.AutoLISP

4.BlobbieScript

5.EmacsLisp

6.GameMakerLanguage

7.HyperTalk

8.IPTSCRAE

9.IRCscript

10.Lingo

11.MatlabEmbeddedLanguage

12.MayaEmbeddedLanguage

13.mIRCscript

14.NWscript

15.QuakeC

16.UnrealScript

17.VisualBasicforApplications

18.VBScript

19.ZZT-oop

WEBprogrammingscript

Thereisanimportantcategoryinthescriptinglanguageofapplicationcustomization,whichisusedtoprovideWEBThecustomfunctionofthepage.IthandlesInternetcommunicationsprofessionallyandusesawebbrowserastheuserinterface.Ofcourse,mostmodernWEBprogramminglanguages​​aremorepowerfulandcandosomegeneralprogramming.

Specificclassification:

1.ColdFusion(ApplicationServer)

2.Lasso

3.Miva

4.SMX

5.IPTSCRAE-Toolsusedbysomewebdevelopmentteamstocreateforums

textprocessinglanguage

processingText-basedrecordingisoneoftheearliestusesofscriptinglanguages.Forexample,Unix'sawkwasoriginallydesignedtohelpsystemadministratorsdealwithinvokingUNIXtext-basedconfigurationandLOGfiles.Perlwasfirstusedtogeneratereports,andnowithasbecomeafullymaturelanguage.

Specificclassification:

1.Awk

2.Perl

3.sed

4.XSLT

GeneralDynamicLanguage

Somelanguages,suchasPerl,haveevolvedfromascriptinglanguagetoamoregeneralprogramminglanguage.Theyarestillcalledscriptinglanguages​​duetothe"interpretedexecution,memorymanagement,dynamic"andothercharacteristics.Buttheyhavebeenusedinapplicationprogramming,andusersdonotregardthemasscriptinglanguages.

1.APL

2.Dao

3.Dylan

4.Groovy

5.Lua

6.MUMPS(M)

7.newLISP

8.Nuva

9.Perl

10.PHP

11.Python

12.Ruby

13.Scheme

14.Smalltalk

15.SuperCard

16.Tcl(Toolcommandlanguage)

Extension/EmbedableLanguage

Afewlanguages​​aredesignedtoreplaceapplicationsbyembeddingapplicationsCustomscriptinglanguage.Developers(suchasusingothersystemlanguages​​suchasC)includehooksthatenablethescriptinglanguagetocontroltheapplication.Theselanguages​​havethesamepurposeasthescriptinglanguagecustomizedbytheapplication,buttheadvantageisthattheycantransfersomeskillsbetweenapplications.

Specificclassification:

1.Ch(C/C++interpreter)

2.Dao

3.ECMAScriptisalsoknownasDMDScript,JavaScript,JScript

4.GameMonkeyScript

5.Guile

6.ICI

7.Lua

8.RBScript(REALbasicScript)

9.Squirrel

10.Tcl

11.Z-Script

JavaScriptisstillItisthemainprogramminglanguageinwebbrowsers,anditsECMAScriptstandardizationensuresthatitbecomesapopularuniversalembeddedlanguage.

Tclwascreatedasanextensiblelanguage,butitismoreusedasageneral-purposelanguage,justlikePython,Perl,Ruby.

Others

1.BeanShell(scriptingforJava)

2.CobolScript

3.Escapade(serversidescripting)

4.Euphoria

5.F-Script

6.Ferite

7.Groovy

8.Gui4Cli

9.Io

10.KiXtart

11.Mondrian

12.ObjectREXX

13.Pike

14.Pliant

15.REBOL

16.ScriptBasic

17.ShorthandLanguage

18.Simkin

19.Sleep

20.StepTalk

21.VisualDialogScript

CommonscriptsLanguage

• CShell

• JavaScript

• Nuva

• Perl

• PHP

• Python

• Ruby

• Tcl

• VBScript

• CSS