Explanation
Remotesensing,literally,canbesimplyunderstoodasremotesensing,whichgenerallyreferstoallnon-contactlong-distancedetection;fromtheperspectiveofmoderntechnology,"remotesensing"Itisanapplicationdetectioninstrument.Usespacevehiclesandmodernelectronicandopticalinstrumentstodetectandidentifylong-distanceresearchobjects.
RemotesensingmonitorstheEarth’ssurfacebysensing,telemetryandresourcemanagement(suchastrees,grassland,soil,water,minerals,farmcrops,fishandTheresourcemanagementofwildanimals,etc.)isanewtechnologycombined.
Remotesensingreferstoallnon-contactlong-distancedetectiontechnology.Usemodernvehiclesandsensorstoobtaintheelectromagneticwavecharacteristicsofthetargetobjectfromalongdistance,andfinallyrealizeitsfunctions(timing,positioning,qualitative,quantitative)throughthetransmission,storage,satellite,correction,andidentificationofthetargetobject.
Broaddefinition:remoteperception,generallyreferstoallnon-contactlong-distancedetection,includingthedetectionofelectromagneticfields,forcefields,mechanicalwaves(soundwaves,seismicwaves),etc.Remotesensinginnaturalphenomena:bats,rattlesnakes,humaneyesandhumanears...
Narrowdefinition:itistheapplicationofdetectioninstruments,whichdoesnottouchthedetectiontarget,andrecordstheelectromagneticwavecharacteristicsofthetargetfromadistance.Throughanalysis,Acomprehensivedetectiontechnologythatrevealsthecharacteristicsofobjectsandtheirchanges.
Theearliestuseoftheterm"remotesensing"wasEvelyn.L.Pruitt(1960)oftheBureauofResearchoftheUSNavalAdministration.
DevelopmentHistory
Remotesensingisanemergingtechnologybasedonaerialphotographytechnologyanddevelopedintheearly1960s.Itstartedasaeronauticalremotesensing.SincetheUnitedStateslauncheditsfirstlandsatellitein1972,thismarkedthebeginningoftheeraofaerospaceremotesensing.Afterdecadesofrapiddevelopment,ithasbecomeapracticalandadvancedspaceexplorationtechnology.
Thebuddingperiod
Thestageofunrecordedgroundremotesensing(1608-1838):
In1608,HansLibertybuilttheworld’sfirsttelescope
In1609Galileomadeathree-foldmagnificationscientifictelescopeandobservedthemoonforthefirsttime
In1794,theballoontookoffforthefirsttimeforreconnaissance
First,butthetelescopeobservationcannotrecordtheobservedthingsintheformofimages.
Thereisarecordofthegroundremotesensingstage(1839-1857):
In1839,Daguarre(Daguarre)publishedhisandNipps(Niepce),itwasthefirsttimetosuccessfullyrecordthingsonfilm
In1849,FrenchmanAimeLaussedat(AimeLaussedat)Aphotogrammetryplanwasdeveloped,whichbecameamarkofthedevelopmentstageofpurposefulandrecordedgroundremotesensing.
Initialdevelopment
Aerialphotographyandremotesensingstage(1858-1956)
In1858,abird’seyeviewofParis,Francewastakenwithatetheredballoon
Theinventionoftheairplanein1903
Thefirstaerialphotoin1909
DuringtheFirstWorldWar(1914-1918):anindependentdisciplinarysystemofaerialphotogrammetrywasformed
DuringWorldWarII(1931-1945):colorphotography,infraredphotography,radartechnology,multispectralphotography,scanningtechnology,vehiclesandimageinterpretationequipment.
Modernremotesensing
1957:TheformerSovietUnionlaunchedthefirstman-madeearthsatellite
Inthe1960s:theUnitedStateslaunchedTIROS,ATS,ESSAOthermeteorologicalsatellitesandmannedspacecraft
1972:LaunchedtheEarthResourcesTechnologySatelliteERTS-1(laterrenamedLandsatLandsat-1),equippedwithMSSsensors,witharesolutionof79meters
Landsat-4waslaunchedin1982,equippedwithaTMsensor,andtheresolutionwasincreasedto30meters
In1986,FrancelaunchedSPOT-1,equippedwithPANandXSremotesensors,witharesolutionof10meters.
TheUnitedStateslaunchedIKNOSin1999,andthespatialresolutionincreasedto1meter.
China’sremotesensingbusiness
Inthe1950s,aprofessionalflightteamwasformedtocarryoutaerialphotographyandapplications
April24,1970,thefirstman-madeearthsatellite
OnNovember26,1975,areturnablesatellite,satellitephotoswereobtained
80sUnprecedentedlyactive,the6thFive-YearPlanremotesensingwasincludedinthenationalkeyscientificandtechnologicalresearchproject
OnSeptember7,1988,Chinalaunchedthefirst"Fengyun1"meteorologicalsatellite
October1999Onthe14th,ChinasuccessfullylaunchedResourceSatellite1
Afterenteringaperiodofrapiddevelopment--satellites,mannedspaceflight,lunarexplorationprojects,etc...
Physicalbasis
VibrationThepropagationiscalledawave.Thepropagationofelectromagneticvibrationiselectromagneticwaves.Electromagneticwavescanbedividedintoγ-rays,X-rays,ultravioletrays,visiblelight,infraredrays,microwavesandradiowavesinorderfromshorttolongwavelengths.Theshorterthewavelengthoftheelectromagneticwave,thestrongerthepenetration.Theelectromagneticwavebandusedinremotesensingdetectionisfromultraviolet,visiblelight,infraredtomicrowave.
Thesunisasourceofelectromagneticradiation,andthelightitemitsisalsoanelectromagneticwave.Sunlightmustpassthroughtheearth'satmospheretoreachthesurfaceoftheearthfromspace.Whensunlightpassesthroughtheatmosphere,itwillbeaffectedbytheabsorptionandscatteringofsunlightbytheatmosphere,thusattenuatingtheenergyofsunlightthatpassesthroughtheatmosphere.However,theinfluenceoftheatmosphereontheabsorptionandscatteringofsunlightvarieswiththewavelengthofsunlight.Objectsonthegroundwillreflectandabsorbelectromagneticwavesformedbysunlight.Becauseeachobjecthasdifferentphysicalandchemicalpropertiesandthewavelengthofincidentlight,theirreflectivitytoincidentlightisalsodifferent.Thelawofreflectionofvariousobjectsonincidentlightiscalledthereflectionspectrumoftheobject,andcertaincharacteristicsoftheobjectcanbeknownbymeasuringthereflectionspectrum.
Systemcomposition
Remotesensingisacomprehensiveearthobservationtechnology.Itsrealizationrequiresnotonlyacompletesetoftechnicalequipment,butalsotheparticipationandcooperationofmultipledisciplines.Therefore,implementationRemotesensingisacomplexsystemengineering.Accordingtothedefinitionofremotesensing,theremotesensingsystemismainlycomposedofthefollowingfourparts:
1.InformationsourceTheinformationsourceisthetargetthatneedstobedetectedbyremotesensing.Anytargethasthecharacteristicsofreflecting,absorbing,transmittingandradiatingelectromagneticwaves.Whenthetargetinteractswiththeelectromagneticwave,itwillformthetarget'selectromagneticwavecharacteristics,whichprovidesabasisforobtaininginformationforremotesensingdetection.
2.InformationacquisitionInformationacquisitionreferstothedetectionprocessofusingremotesensingtechnologyandequipmenttoreceiveandrecordtheelectromagneticwavecharacteristicsofthetarget.Theremotesensingtechnologyandequipmentusedforinformationacquisitionmainlyincluderemotesensingplatformsandsensors.Amongthem,theremotesensingplatformisavehicleusedtocarrysensors,commonlyusedareballoons,airplanesandartificialsatellites,etc.;sensorsareinstrumentsandequipmentusedtodetecttheelectromagneticwavecharacteristicsoftargets,andcommonlyusedcameras,scannersandimagingradars.
3.InformationprocessingInformationprocessingreferstothetechnicalprocessofusingopticalinstrumentsandcomputerequipmenttocorrect,analyzeandinterprettheacquiredremotesensinginformation.Thefunctionofinformationprocessingistomasterorcleartheerroroftheoriginalremotesensinginformationbycorrecting,analyzingandinterpretingtheremotesensinginformation,combingandsummarizingtheimagecharacteristicsofthedetectedtarget,andthenidentifyingandextractingalltheinformationfromtheremotesensinginformationbasedonthecharacteristics.Usefulinformationneeded.
4.InformationapplicationInformationapplicationreferstotheprocessofapplyingremotesensinginformationtovariousbusinessfieldsbyprofessionalsaccordingtodifferentpurposes.Thebasicmethodofinformationapplicationistouseremotesensinginformationasthedatasourceofthegeographicinformationsystemforpeopletoquery,countandanalyzeit.Theapplicationfieldofremotesensingisverywide,themainapplicationsare:military,geologicalandmineralexploration,naturalresourcesurvey,mapsurveyingandmapping,environmentalmonitoring,urbanconstructionandmanagement,etc.
Technicalfeatures
Remotesensingisacomprehensivescienceofearthobservation.Itsappearanceanddevelopmentarenotonlyanobjectiveneedforpeopletounderstandandexplorethenaturalworld,butalsoothertechnicalmeansthatcannotbecomparedwithit.Comparativecharacteristics.
Large-areasimultaneousobservation(widerange)
Remotesensingdetectioncanconductgroundobservationsonalargeareafromtheairandeventhespaceinashortperiodoftime,andobtaininformationfromit.Thevalueofremotesensingdata.Thesedataexpandpeople'svisualspace.Forexample,alandsatelliteimagecancoveranareaofmorethan30,000squarekilometers.Thiskindofimageshowingthemacroscopicsceneisextremelyimportantfortheanalysisoftheearth'sresourcesandtheenvironment.
Timelinessandperiodicity
Thespeedofobtaininginformationisfastandthecycleisshort.Assatellitesrevolvearoundtheearth,theycanobtainthelatestinformationofvariousnaturalphenomenaintheareatheypassthroughinordertoupdatetheoriginaldataorperformdynamicmonitoringbasedonthechangesofthenewandolddata.Thisisincomparablebetweenmanualfieldmeasurementandaerialphotogrammetry.Forexample,landsatellites4and5cancovertheearthonceevery16days,andNOAAweathersatellitescanreceiveimagestwiceaday.Meteosatobtainsimagesofthesameareaevery30minutes.
Datacomprehensiveness,comparability,andbinding
Itcandynamicallyreflectthechangesofthingsontheground.Remotesensingdetectioncanperiodicallyandrepeatedlyobservethesameareaontheground,whichhelpsThroughtheremotesensingdataobtained,peoplediscoveranddynamicallytrackthechangesofmanythingsontheearth.Atthesametime,studythechanginglawsofnature.Especiallyinmonitoringweatherconditions,naturaldisasters,environmentalpollutionandevenmilitarytargets,theuseofremotesensingisextremelyimportant.
Theacquireddatahascomprehensiveremotesensingdetection.Theacquiredremotesensingdatacoversalargeareaatthesametimeperiod.Thesedatacomprehensivelyshowmanynaturalandhumanphenomenaontheearth,andreflectthemacroscopically.Theformanddistributionofvariousthingstrulyreflectthecharacteristicsofgeology,landforms,soil,vegetation,hydrology,artificialstructures,etc.,andfullyrevealtherelationshipbetweengeographicalthings.Andthesedatahavethesamecurrentstatusintime.
Therearemanywaystoobtaininformation,andtheamountofinformationislarge.Accordingtodifferenttasks,remotesensingtechnologycanchoosedifferentwavebandsandremotesensinginstrumentstoobtaininformation.Forexample,visiblelightcanbeusedtodetectobjects,andultraviolet,infraredandmicrowavecanalsobeusedtodetectobjects.Usingthedifferentpenetrationofdifferentwavebandstoobjects,theinternalinformationofthegroundobjectscanalsobeobtained.Forexample,thedepthoftheground,thelowerlayerofwater,thebodyofwaterundertheicelayer,thecharacteristicsofthegroundfeaturesunderthedesert,etc.,themicrowavebandcanalsoworkall-weather.
Economicandsocialbenefits
Therearefewrestrictionsonaccesstoinformation.Therearemanyplacesontheearthwherethenaturalconditionsareextremelyharshanddifficultforhumanstoreach,suchasdeserts,swamps,andhighmountains.Usingremotesensingtechnologythatisnotrestrictedbygroundconditions,especiallyaerospaceremotesensing,caneasilyandtimelyobtainvariousvaluabledata.
Limitations
Theelectromagneticwavesusedbyremotesensingtechnologyarestillverylimited,onlyinafewbands.Intheelectromagneticspectrum,therearestillmanyspectrumresourcestobefurtherdeveloped.Inaddition,theelectromagneticspectrumthathasbeenusedcannotaccuratelyreflectcertainfeaturesofmanygroundobjects.Itisnecessarytodevelophighspectralresolutionremotesensingandothermeansbesidesremotesensingtocooperate,especiallygroundsurveyandverificationarestillindispensable.
Type
Simpleclassification
Thetypesofremotesensingtechnologyareoftendividedintothefollowingaspects:
Differentiatedaccordingtotheworkingplatformlevel:Groundremotesensing,aerialremotesensing(balloons,airplanes),aerospaceremotesensing(artificialsatellites,spacecraft,spacestations,rockets);
Dividedaccordingtotherecordingmethodlevel:imagingremotesensing,non-imagingremotesensing;
Accordingtotheapplicationfield:environmentalremotesensing,atmosphericremotesensing,resourceremotesensing,oceanremotesensing,geologicalremotesensing,agriculturalremotesensing,forestryremotesensing,etc.;
Accordingtothedetectionrangeofthesensor,itisdividedinto:ultravioletremotesensing(detectionbandIn0.05~0.38microns),visiblelightremotesensing(detectionbandis0.38~0.76microns),infraredremotesensing(0.76~1000microns),microwaveremotesensing(1mm~1m),multi-bandremotesensing;
PressWorkingmethodsaredividedinto:activeremotesensingandpassiveremotesensing.
Workingplatformlevel
Groundremotesensing,thatis,placingsensorsonthegroundplatform,suchasvehicle-mounted,ship-borne,portable,fixedormovableelevatedplatform,etc.;
Aerospaceremotesensing,thatis,thesensorisinstalledontheaircraft,suchasballoons,airplanes,airplanesandotheraircraftandremotesensingplatforms;
Aerospaceremotesensing,thatis,thesensorsareinstalledonthespacecraft,suchasartificialsatellites,aerospaceAircraft,spacecraft,spacelaboratories,etc.
Detectionmethod
Activeremotesensing,thatis,thesensoractivelyemitselectromagneticwavesofacertainwavelengthtothedetectedtarget,andthenreceivesandrecordstheelectromagneticwavesreflectedfromthetarget;
Passiveremotesensing,thatis,thesensordoesnotemitelectromagneticwavestothedetectedtarget,butdirectlyreceivesandrecordsthesolarradiationreflectedbythetargetortheelectromagneticwaveemittedbythetargetitself.
Classificationofremotesensingbands
Ultravioletremotesensing,thedetectionbandisbetween0.3～0.38um;
Multi-bandremotesensing,referstothedetectionbandinthevisiblelightbandandinfraredWithinthebandrange,itisdividedintoseveralnarrowbandstodetecttargets.
Widespreadapplication
Currently,remotesensinghasformedamulti-levelglobaldetectionandmonitoringfromgroundtoair,andevenspace,frominformationdatacollectionandprocessingtointerpretationanalysisandapplication.,Multi-perspective,multi-domainobservationsystemhasbecomeanimportantmeansofobtainingearthresourcesandenvironmentalinformation.
Inordertoincreasetheprocessingspeedofsuchhugedata,remotesensingdigitalimagetechnologyhasbeendevelopedrapidly.
Remotesensingtechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinagriculture,forestry,geology,ocean,meteorology,hydrology,military,environmentalprotectionandotherfields.Inthenexttenyears,itisexpectedthatremotesensingtechnologywillenteranewstagethatcanquicklyandtimelyprovideavarietyofearthobservationdata.Thespatialresolution,spectralresolutionandtimeresolutionofremotesensingimageswillbegreatlyimproved.Withthedevelopmentofspacetechnology,especiallythedevelopmentandmutualpenetrationofgeographicinformationsystemandglobalpositioningsystemtechnology,itsapplicationfieldswillbecomemoreandmoreextensive.
Theapplicationofremotesensingingeographyhasfurtherpromotedandpromotedtheresearchanddevelopmentofgeographyandbroughtgeographyintoanewstageofdevelopment.
Theapplicationofremotesensinginformationistheultimategoalofremotesensing.Forremotesensingapplications,appropriateremotesensinginformationandworkingmethodsshouldbeselectedaccordingtotheneedsofprofessionalgoalsinordertoachievebettersocialandeconomicbenefits.
Theremotesensingtechnologysystemisacompleteunity.Itisbuiltonthebasisofmodernscienceandtechnologysuchasspacetechnology,electronictechnology,computertechnology,biologyandgeology,andisapowerfultechnicalguaranteeforthecompletionoftheremotesensingprocess.
Geographicaldataacquisition
Remotesensingimagesare"photographs"oftheearth'ssurface,whichtrulyshowtheshape,size,andcolorofobjectsontheearth'ssurface.Thisiseasiertobeacceptedbythepublicthantraditionalmaps,andimagemapshavebecomeoneoftheimportanttypesofmaps.
Obtainingresourceinformation
Remotesensingimageshaveawealthofinformation,andthespectralresolutionofmultispectraldataisgettinghigherandhigher,andredandyellowbandscanbeobtained.Hyperspectralsensorsarealsodevelopingrapidly,andmycountry'senvironmentalsmallsatellitesarealsoequippedwithhyperspectralsensors.Thisinformationonearthresourcescanplayanimportantroleinthefieldsofagriculture,forestry,waterconservancy,oceans,andecologicalenvironment.
Emergencydisasterdata
Remotesensingtechnologyhastheabilitytoobtaininformationwithouttouchingthetarget.Intheeventofadisaster,remotesensingimagesaregeographicinformationthatwecaneasilyobtainimmediately.Inareaswheremapsarelacking,remotesensingimagesareeventheonlyinformationwecanobtain.Inthe5.12Wenchuanearthquake,remotesensingimagesplayedanimportantroleintheacquisitionofdisasterinformation,disasterreliefdecision-makinganddisasterreconstruction.AfterthestrongearthquakeinHaiti,morethan20satellitesofmanyspaceagencieshaveparticipatedintherescuework.
Remotesensingofnaturaldisasters
mycountryhasestablishedaremotesensingmonitoringandevaluationoperationsystemformajornaturaldisasters,whichcanbeappliedtothemonitoringcapabilitiesoftyphoons,rainstorms,floods,droughts,forestfires,etc.Theestablishmentofarapidimageprocessingandevaluationsystemhastheabilitytorespondquicklytosuddendisasters,enablingthesystemtoobtaindisasterdatawithinafewhours,makearapidassessmentofthedisasterwithinaday,andcompleteadetailedassessmentwithinaweek.
Forexample,onatyphoonday,thetyphoon-affectedareacanbeaccuratelyclassifiedthroughdisasterremotesensing,andeffectiveinformationcanbeissuedthroughweatherwarning,sothatpeoplecantakeprotectivemeasuresforagriculturalproductsandreducelosses.
Agriculturalremotesensingmonitoring
Inagriculture,remotesensingtechnologyisusedtomonitorcropplantingareaandcropconditioninformation,quicklymonitorandevaluateagriculturaldroughtandpestsandotherdisasterinformation,andestimateglobalandnationalAndregionalcropyields,providinginformationfortheanalysisandforecastingandearlywarningoffoodsupplyquantity.
Remotesensingsatellitescanquicklyandaccuratelyobtaingroundinformation,combinedwithothermodernhigh-techsuchasgeographicinformationsystem(GIS)andglobalpositioningsystem(GPS),canrealizethetiming,quantitative,Positioning,strongobjectivity,freefromhumaninterference,convenientforagriculturaldecision-making,andmakingitpossibletodevelopprecisionagriculture.Remotesensingimagescanbedownloadedororderedthroughtheremotesensingmarketcloudserviceplatformforfree.Onitsplatform,domestichigh-resolutionremotesensingimagessuchasGaofenNo.1,GaofenNo.2andZiyuanNo.3canbequeried.
Thebasicprincipleofagriculturalremotesensing:thereflectivityandcombinationoftheredbandandnear-infraredbandoftheremotesensingimageacquisitionhaveagoodcorrelationwiththeleafareaindexofthecrop,thesolarphotosyntheticactiveradiation,andthebiomass.sex.Throughtheearth'ssurfaceinformationrecordedbysatellitesensors,itcanidentifycroptypes,establishyieldforecastmodelsunderdifferentconditions,integrateagriculturalknowledgeandremotesensingobservationdata,andrealizeremotesensingmonitoringandforecastingofcropyields.Atthesametime,itavoidsthetime-consuming,laboriousanddestructivedefectsofmanualdatacollection.
Themaincontentofagriculturalremotesensingfinemonitoringincludes:
(1)Accurateestimationproductofmulti-scalecropplantingareafromremotesensing;
(2)Multi-scalecropYieldremotesensingestimationproduct;
(3)Cultivatedlandqualityremotesensingevaluationandgrainyieldincreasingpotentialanalysisproduct;
(4)Agriculturaldroughtremotesensingmonitoringandevaluationproduct;
(5)Foodproductionriskassessmentproducts;
(6)Vegetationstandardproductcollection;
Waterqualitymonitoring
WaterqualitymonitoringandevaluationremotesensingtechnologyisbasedonwaterbodiesandItisresearchedonthespectralcharacteristicsofitspollutants.Manyscholarsathomeandabroaduseremotesensingmethodstoestimatewaterpollutionparameterstomonitorwaterqualitychanges.Themethodistoarrangesomewaterqualitysensorsinthemeasurementarea,andusewirelesssensornetworktechnologytocontinuouslymeasurevariousparametersofwaterqualityfor24hourstoimprovetheaccuracyofwaterqualityremotesensinginversionandmakeitclosetoormeettherequirementsofrelatedindustries.Thiskindofremotesensingtechnologyinformationisfast,time-savingandlabor-saving,canbetterreflectthespatialdistributioncharacteristicsoftheresearchwaterquality,andismoreconducivetotherapidmonitoringoflargeareasofwater.Remotesensingtechnologyhasundoubtedlybroughtgoodnewstothestudyoflakeenvironmentalchanges.
Developmenttrend
Thespectraldomainisexpanding
Withthermalinfraredimaging,airbornemulti-polarizationsyntheticapertureradarandhigh-resolutionsurfacepenetrationradarandWiththeincreasingmaturityofspacebornesyntheticapertureradartechnology,theremotesensingspectraldomainhasdevelopedfromtheearliestvisiblelighttonearinfrared,short-waveinfrared,thermalinfrared,andmicrowave.Theexpansionofthespectraldomainwillfurtheradapttothecharacteristicpeakwavelengthsofthereflectionandradiationspectrumofvarioussubstances.Wideareadistribution.
Improvedtimeresolution
Large,medium,andsmallsatellitescooperatewitheachother,andthehigh,medium,andloworbitsarecombined,andthetimeresolutionrangesfromafewhoursto18days.Formacomplementaryseriesofdifferenttimeresolutions.
Spatialresolution
Withtheapplicationofnewsensorswithhighspatialresolution,thespatialresolutionofremotesensingimageshasevolvedfrom1km,500m,250m,80m,30m,20m,10m,and5m.Upto1m,militaryreconnaissancesatellitesensorscanreacharesolutionof15cmorhigher.Theimprovementofspatialresolutionisconducivetotheimprovementofclassificationaccuracy,butitalsoincreasesthedifficultyofcomputerclassification.
Spectralresolution
Thedevelopmentofhyperspectralremotesensinghasmadetheremotesensingbandwidthfrom0.4μm(blackandwhitephotography),0.1μm(multispectralscanning)to5nm(imagingspectrometer)intheearlydays.,Theremotesensorhasawideband,andtheremotesensorhasanarrowerbandwidthandismoretargeted.Itcanhighlighttheslightdifferenceinthereflectionpeakwavelengthofaspecificobject.Atthesametime,theapplicationofimagingspectrometersimprovesthespectralresolutionoftheobject,whichisbeneficialtodistinguisheachobject.Spectralresponsecharacteristicsofsimilarsubstancesindifferentwavelengthbands.
2Dto3Dmeasurement
Thedevelopmentandapplicationofairbornethree-dimensionalimagersandinterferometricsyntheticapertureradarshavedevelopedgroundtargetsfromtwo-dimensionalmeasurementtothree-dimensionalmeasurement.
Imageprocessingtechnology
Variousnewandefficientremotesensingimageprocessingmethodsandalgorithmswillbeusedtosolvemassiveremotesensingdataprocessing,correction,fusionandremotesensinginformationvisualization.
Developmentofremotesensinganalysis
Remotesensinganalysistechnologyhaschangedfrom"qualitative"to"quantitative",andquantitativeremotesensinghasbecomeahotspotinthedevelopmentofremotesensingapplications.
Remotesensingextractiontechnology
Establishanexpertsystemsuitableforautomaticinterpretationofremotesensingimages,andgraduallyrealizetheautomaticextractionofthematicinformationfromremotesensingimages.