Ratford Burt Hays

Characters experiences

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes is a posthumous child, after graduating from Harvard University, began career as a lawyer. During the Civil War, due to war service repeatedly promoted, until volunteers Major General. After the war began political career. Twice elected to Congress, three times as governor of Ohio, in order to "honest and efficient work," said. 1876 ​​general election, once the largest in US history because of the votes of the dispute, two days before the inauguration of President Hayes was not declared until the legitimate president. Either in the efforts to improve the domestic situation after the Civil War, made some achievements. He was the first resident envoys met Chinese president. Father Lasefude Hayes is a small shopkeeper. Mother Sophia Bo Chad Hayes. Hayes graduated from Kai Nisi College and Harvard University. First as a lawyer, to participate in the federal army in the Civil War. 1865, elected to Congress. 1868 was elected governor of Ohio. 1876 ​​Republican presidential nomination. In a fierce competition between voters and candidates, and finally, a special committee comprising members of the National Assembly and the highest judges ruled that Hayes wins.

But the Republican Party should be a prerequisite for the Democratic Party. Hayes became president mediocre performance, just to break the "spoils", the implementation of the civil service system has done some useful work, opened the public civil service examination, merit precedent. Within Hays term, the United States has been the rapid development of science and technology, Bell invented the telegraph in 1877, 1878 Edison invented the phonograph, invented the electric light the following year. Hayes some achievements on the diplomatic front, it is worth mentioning that he took toward China-friendly policies.

1852 years Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb married, had seven sons and a daughter. In 1881, Hayes returned to Ohio. Died in 1893. Hayes retired after a certain contribution to the black education, prison reform and so on.

Houhai Si war began political career. 1865, elected to Congress. 1868 was elected governor of Ohio. To "honest and efficient work," said. 1876 ​​Republican presidential nomination. Election, carried out between voters and candidates in a fierce competition, because once the largest in US history occurred in the calculation of votes dispute, finally, a special committee comprising members of the National Assembly and the highest judges ruled that Hayes wins. Until two days before the inauguration of President Hayes was not declared as a legitimate president. But Republicans agreed prerequisite Democratic Party. Hayes thus became famous in American history, "President of the dark horse."

President Hayes in any of four years, reformers look to a competent impartial but the emergence of erosion make every effort to defend the president's authority is not partisan interests, to practice their own during the campaign and then under the promise of a political deal that promised to restore the image of the politicians themselves into the innocence Dana White House during the exchange ratio remediation of contaminated too. President Hayes is the only example, do not vigorously prevailing in the spoils system, the selection of a lot of talented people into the cabinet in the name of any cabinet. He advocated the reform of the civil service system. And in 1879, eliminating the Republican hardliners leaders Chester A. Arthur (USA Twenty next president) of New York official tax official duties. Civil service reform as an important measure. Arthur use this position for eight years, take advantage of this position he built a political forces loyal to the Republican hard-liners. But President Hayes reforms as radical Republicans adamantly opposed, but with little success.

President Hayes needed to provide improved engineering of domestic federal grant to the southern states, helped to build a south railway to the Pacific. Congress has also courted by the Whig Party background to the south. These measures to ease tensions between the North and South, as well as three visits to the South of President Hayes all received a warm welcome.

within Hays term, the United States has been the rapid development of science and technology, Bell invented the telegraph in 1877, 1878 Edison invented the phonograph, invented the electric light the following year. On foreign policy, the president of the United States has always insisted Hayes relax the policy of isolationism, began to expand overseas. In 1879, the United States and France Panama Canal crisis at this time, President Hayes submit a special advisory Congress to declare the strongest terms, the United States determined to put this strategically important canal under its control.

Later, because the French company responsible for the bankruptcy of canals, leading to quell the incident. Hayes was still in power during the adoption of a treaty, seized Palipali Harbor Samoa in the South Pacific as a US Navy supply station. Thus creating the conditions for the United States into the Pacific Ocean. President Hayes on October 4, 1878, met with the United States for China's first minister, this is the first US president met with China's envoy.

within any measures

reform of internal affairs

After Hayes government in power, for the restoration of destroyed American Civil War on American Zibenzhuyi economy and restore people's Lianbangzhengfu trust, so Hayes government to implement the following measures:

1, the end of the southern military control. In 1877, US President Hayes commands US forces withdraw from southern Louisiana, ending Lianbangzhengfu military control of the South.

2, the implementation of coin currency. In 1879, the government began the implementation of Grant Hayes government "to restore the coins to pay the bill," the implementation of the coins in circulation, allowing all green back banknotes cash at par value.

3, the reform of the civil service system. In 1877, Hayes government issued a decree prohibiting government officials to engage in political activities, and asked the US Congress to establish a civilian official committee, but Congress did not approve the establishment of this institution.

Hayes government policies to promote the US Zibenzhuyi economic development, but also to restore the people's trust for Lianbangzhengfu to some extent, while the second technological revolution, the United States is also in full swing, this period, the United States, the rapid development of science and technology, and the White House telephone and electric light equipment are installed during this period.

rejection laborers

As early as the mid-19th century, with the development of gold mining in California and the western United States, the United States needs a large number of cheap labor, so some American businessmen in China by comprador and traffickers Chinese laborers to trafficking along the coastal areas of the United States.

into the 1870s, Chinese workers engaged in the construction of railways in the California area of ​​work, the United States is a Pacific railroad laborers paved, 1880, Chinese workers accounted for 9% of the US total population of California . However, since the completion of the railway, the United States occurred in anti-Chinese movement, there were many beatings, verbal abuse laborers events, and laborers reported to the local courts, often losing. Chinese workers are also often put to death, in 1872, Los Angeles had 15 laborers were killed mob.

In order to completely exclude laborers, 1879, the US Congress passed a bill, states: Every ship carrying any immigrant laborers not more than 15. But US President Hayes vetoed the bill because doing so would harm US interests in China, so the government sent Secretary of State Evarts Hayes talks with China to try to modify the "Burlingame Treaty" signed in 1868 with China, through the Qing government's repeated negotiations, November 17, 1880, Hayes government and China signed a treaty, states: the United States may have the power to limit or stop the laborers to enter the United States.

expansionism

In Hayes government was in power, the United States began to expand into the South Pacific. As early as 1839, the United States expedition had reached the South Pacific Samoa. With the growth of US sea power, sea coaling station for US increasing need and want occupied Samoa. In 1875, Hayes government and Samoa signed a commercial treaty, the United States won the privilege of using Samoa Pago Pago Harbor as a US maritime coaling station and the maritime supply station. Hayes government's policy for the future the United States will break into its sphere of influence to create the conditions Samoa.

personal influence

President Hayes shortcomings during his tenure, is that the above reconstruction of the South, President Hayes withdrew the last of the last two states in the South (Luyisian that and South Carolina) army, ending the North to the South military control. So that Southern whites regained control of southern rights, so that the power of southern blacks can not be guaranteed. (But there is no way to withdraw from the south, is one of the terms of any political deal Hayes president's) have been implemented in the South Hayes is policy of appeasement, hopes will be built on the south to a white industrialist and conservatives can unite in the new Republican Party around it. But the result was disappointing, many conservative Southern Democrats, though expressed clear support for Republican economic policies in favor of President Hayes conservative financial policies, but they are well aware that if they want to participate in rebuilding the party, it will in election been devastating, so even though Hayes has made unremitting efforts, but still failed to win a long-term conservative southern Democrats.

Instead, he appointed appease Southern Democrats into the Lianbangzhengfu policy and the south, by the power to send people to resist the party, so that the motion put forward their own presidential Duohai Si very difficult to pass in Congress.

1881 Nian 3 5 March, Hayes handed over his presidential powers to his successor, Republican President Jiafeierde, Hayes on the second day with his wife back to Fremont, Ohio own home, in the next 12 years in retirement, he will own most of the time for charity above, quietly done a lot of work.

He was helped to improve black education in the southern Black Sitelaimo Foundation's chairman, committed to improving the educational status of black people, he is the director of many universities, participate in school affairs, he advocates of vocational education, he also served as president of the National prison Association, active in prison reform, due to the poor so that they lead to crime. In addition, Hayes also established the Peter Blanchard Library, founded Fulimengte Chamber of Commerce, funding to build the church, and so on.

family members

Wife: Lucy Ware Webb Hayes.

1. Sadi Si Austin Hayes

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb first child

born: November 4, 1853 Place of birth: Cincinnati, Ohio

died: January 24, 1926

Cause of death: unknown

Occupation: lawyer spouse: Mary Nancy Sherman

number of children: 5

2. James Webb Hayes

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb second child, second son

born: March 20, 1856

Hometown: Cincinnati, Ohio

died: July 26, 1934

death : unknown

Education: Cornell University

Occupation: Secretary to the President, merchants, soldiers

3 Lasefude Platt Hayes

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb's third child, third son

born: June 1858 24

Hometown: Cincinnati, Ohio

died: July 31, 1931

Cause of death: a long illness

Education: University of Michigan, Cornell University, Boston College technology

Occupation: businessman, librarians

spouse: Lucy Hayes Platt number of children: 3

4. Joseph Thompson Hayes

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb's fourth child, first four sons

born: December 21, 1861

Hometown: Cincinnati, Ohio

died: June 21, 1863

death Age: 1 year and 6 months

cause of death: dysentery

5 George Crook Hayes

Rather Fode Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb's fifth child, fifth son was born: September 29, 1864

Hometown: Chillicothe, Ohio Cote

died: May 4, 1866

death Age: 1 year and 8 months

Cause of death: scarlet fever

6. Frances Hayes Smith

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb's sixth child, only child

born: September 2, 1867 Place of birth: Cincinnati, Ohio

died: March 18, 1950 age at death: 82 years and 6 months

death : unknown Education: tutor, finishing school

Occupation: housewife, mother, spouse: Harry Eaton Smith

the number of children: 1 person

7 Scott Russell Hayes

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb's seventh child, the sixth son

born: February 8, 1871 birthplace: Columbus, Ohio

Death in: May 6, 1923 age at death: 52 years and 3 months

Cause of death: cancer Education: unknown

Occupation: merchant spouse: Maud Anderson

number of children: unknown

8 Manning Fox Hayes

Lasefude · Bo Chad Hayes and Lucy Ware Webb the eighth child, seventh son

born: August 1, 1873 Place of birth: Ohio Fremont

died: death August 28, 1874 Age: 1 year old

Cause of death: early childhood diseases