Polymethrutical arrow production skills

historical origin

Ju Yuan No. bows originated in the Qing Dynasty, when the number of Ju Yuan Dong Si bow shop is located in the southwest corner of the intersection of the original bow and arrow courtyard. Compound bows of this period belong to the Royal ad hoc arsenal (Real workshop), where the bow shop belong to proprietary Royal, practitioners mostly royalty and Manchu based, the products are turned over to the Ministry of War, the Ministry of Rites , the Ministry, shall not take away. At that time, Ju Yuan numbers do bow primarily for the use of the palace, and the compound bow and arrow on a regular basis according to the number of land tax paid by the palace.

In time, bow courtyard, only "poly-meta", "Tianyuan" and 7. Out of the traditional bow and arrow skills of love and cultural heritage conscious, Yang Fuxi inherited the full range of skills workshops Royal Ju Yuan No. bows of the Qing Dynasty.

process features

specification-grade

Ju Yuan No. sophisticated production techniques bow and arrow, the material, the better. Ju Yuan old number is a well-known Beijing palace bow and arrow workshop, making bows and arrows also strictly comply with the feudal hierarchy. Imperial used a special bow to bow, bow nine together, just surrounded by a circle, in order to reflect the "hemispherical dome" with Kyushu meaning. Uncooperative bow, the seven surrounded by a circle, bow doctor, surrounded by round five. Ju Yuan can create a number of different specifications in accordance with feudal bow grade level. Folk bow workshops do not know the rules, there is no specification made so much of a bow.

mass

Element No. polyethylene production techniques bow (5)

Archer polyethylene membered better reflect the number of evil, the town was auspicious. Ju Yuan No. bows on the excellence of raw materials, production process is very particular about, from the quality said that although there is not much difference with the ordinary folk bow and arrow, but as a Court Square bow and arrow designed for the royal service, Ju Yuan No. decorative bow is full of people the pursuit of peace and prosperity for spiritual sustenance, but also reflects the culmination of the Chinese royal. To the royal family made bows and arrows, mostly hanging on the wall when the interior of the host family, naturally you want to contain in the decoration painted on the bow of the town was moral evil. Even if you really want to archery royal family, also is the purpose of exercise, self-cultivation. Really want to go out hunting, archery bow royal family are mostly like to be a real hunting is one of many followers of the task. Therefore, the number of bows and arrows Ju Yuan in quality assurance at the same time, pay more attention to decorative bows and arrows. Ju Yuan painter than the number required for civil workshop is much higher. This is the number of Ju Yuan masters mean when they say "easy to get craftsman, painter hard to find."

Utility Specification

Poly bow element number in the application have different specifications. Ju Yuan No. guanjia as bows and arrows Square, both beautifully made bows and arrows for the royalty the country, but also the production of high-quality practical bow to the Ministry of War. In particular, the number to be produced Ju Yuan Guards or bows and arrows to defend into force. Ministry of War to the practicality of making bows and arrows must be the first, but the choice of materials and manufacturing processes and production are still very different folk bow and arrow. Practical bows Ju Yuan numbers have significantly refined, expensive, atmospheric characteristics.

Process

Ju Yuan No. bow and arrow making skills inherited the Chinese hyperbolic recurved composite bow of national traditions. Bamboo use a conventional tire, putting the side facing the shooter tendon, the outer side is affixed horns, hunched winding when not, be curved arcuate valgus, therefore called inflection composite bow. Manufacturing process is roughly divided into a functional bow "vernacular" and decorative "Videos live" bowstring and the production of three major stages. In general, the main material bowstring from leather and cotton are two, and the number of Ju Yuan today used mostly cotton.

1, "vernacular" process

Element No. conventional polyethylene made with a bow Bow tire, looking down the Le horn, SHOP tendon, climbing bench five steps, there are 200 channel segments. The tools used have board Requested Procedure, saws, rasps, tendons combs, pillows, and a dozen bow, making, there are many specialized tools such as adzes (making a bow), press horse (special console), car line (line with), the sub-move bow (bow shape only), shaft side, bow elimination stencil dozen special tools and the like. According to legend Yang Fuxi division among the elderly left behind some of the practices and tools are very good indeed, their own can not find a more appropriate way to change. After all, Ju Yuan No. make bows and arrows have been 300 years of history, a dozen artisans, continuous development of this craft has been perfected and mature, during which many of the details are not hands-on, is certainly unrealistic expectations, not to see the look.

(1) Production bow tires, usually selected Jiangxi Gannan bamboo, bamboo requires massive and hard, after at least a year to become dry dried bamboo, cut off both ends to retain relatively flat middle section, cut good bamboo charcoal tire with baking, so as to forcibly bent in an arc shape, after which it is supported between the door and the floor, forming a fixed 24 hours.

to look at (2), the material produced mostly looking elm, rectangular sawn, its role is embedded in the middle of the inside of the tire bamboo to facilitate grasp. Cut of about four centimeters with a homemade bamboo adze the inner surface of the tire back to look for embedding groove, the depth to accurately control the positive half of the thickness of the bamboo tires, and then rasps frustration level. The brewed good pig bladder advance is heated and softened, respectively at the groove and cut bamboo tire made to look good pigskin gelatin evenly on its getters to be slightly stuck together. The adhesive used is gelatin, is also a natural material, previously a post-swim bladder isinglass glue pigs, originally a dedicated division to do pass glue in the compound bow, now only own all of gelatin. For sticky solid, the use of pressure to the horse, and other special tools wrong, the hope to stick together and pressed bamboo tire on immediately, its rope drive with the wrong truss, left ten hours.

(3) Le horns, making a bow requires a pair of buffalo, mostly produced in selected areas Hubei, preferably a length of 60 centimeters or more. Buffalo along an arc of the outer side surface of the saw, with the bow buffalo tires only two thin couple. Sawn two horns then adhered to rely on hand-polished bow tires, horns ground to about 3 mm, slightly roasted on the fire, until horn gradually softened, and then the weight will flatten. After machining flat surfaces on the large horn bench, so that the inner surface of the horn up, and then draw a stripes on top, so that horns of the pig bladder coated with a more solid adhesive.

(4) laid tendon, tendon selected buffalo back muscle, after air drying, wetting, and then a hard hand, and little torn filaments become. Wire tendons tear out baled, are soaked in water during use, the temperature of the external environment directly affects the soaking time, the longer the soak time, the better the effect of laying up the bow. The length of the tendon of the muscle is determined to be a few shop, from the middle, and then extend to the end, to be dried laid after one to two days time, and then began to lay the other end. After paved, pay attention to check the entire bow there is no distortion. Shop ribs layers directly affects the size of the skill. General bow to shop three, 50-pound bow, for example, five layers to shop, shop 6 to 60 pounds layer.

(5) climbing bench, we must first take bow Bow Shanghao promoter on a large bench, and with a rope the bow to the plate Requested Procedure tied. Then two pillows in the bow below the bow, bow greater that the inflection deformed. Then take the child off his bow, this time between the two arc bow arm strength is not the same, so the first file with the board a little setback smaller arc horns surface, but also to feel the power of both sides with both hands whether or not quite.

2, "live Videos" process

After bow shaped, is "living painting" step, the bow of finishing, grinding and polishing paste moisture of birch bark, bows fear damp, waterproof birch bark quite good. Wang wrap wrapped around the cork, a shark skin or bag wrapped around snake elimination work, the bow auspicious paste pattern is finished after the painting.

3, manufactured by arrows process

is the main part made of arrows step five steps, including adjusting lever, fight skin, rod-mounting arrows and tail. Ju Yuan No. bows for material requirements are very strict, with the shaft is selected from the mountains Mentougou District of Beijing Xishan "Abelia." Purchase back Abelia many are not straight, have a camber of wood in order to use the need straightening. The key step is made arrows screed bar. Use a different sub-shaft side of the side sub-out period, required slightly thicker middle, a little thin at both ends, close to the nock at slightly rough.

heritage protection

heritage value

Ju Yuan No. bow and arrow making skills intact the traditional bow and arrow making complex production process, delicate and exquisite process technology, concentrated Chinese traditional bows and arrows cultural development track. These skills difficult to replace modern technology, is an outstanding representative of Chinese traditional manual process, it is a valuable historical and cultural heritage.

Ju Yuan No. bow and arrow is a microcosm of Chinese traditional bows and related cultural development track, it made bows and arrows as weapons and in addition to entertainment, collectibles, but also with any modern technology imitation crossbow or other similar tool irreplaceable special role for the study of Chinese social development, etiquette and entertainment, craft weapons, ethnic customs, and arts and crafts production and living, sports and other undoubtedly has a very high awareness of the value and academic value.

Status heritage

Ju Yuan No. bow and arrow making skills are now faced with great difficulties, Yang Fuxi life distress heritage, environment and working conditions are poor, and there is no apprentice to inherit his craft. If you do not take protective measures, skill lost problem just a matter of time.

Heritage People

Yang Fuxi, male, Han nationality, born in 1958, Beijing. In June 2007, Yang Fuxi was selected as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage inheritors representative, Chaoyang District, Beijing declaration.

protective measures

In 2000, published abroad Director of Intellectual Property Stephen Selby, Hong Kong's "shoot fourteen volumes book," a book, this book is the first comprehensive discussion since the Ming Dynasty Chinese archery bows book on the history of book shop Ju yuan No. introduced.

In January 2008, the Xinhua Publishing House "Ju Yuan No. bows and arrows," a book. The book chronicles the history of the development of a comprehensive bow shop Ju Yuan numbers oath by scholars as the first universal reader of contemporary Chinese bows and arrows.

2019 In November 2009, "national intangible cultural heritage protection unit list of representative projects" announced Chaoyang District, Beijing Cultural Center to get "Ju Yuan No. bow and arrow making skills" project protection unit qualification.

social impact

international influence

1951, the British businessmen signed a long pass Import and Export Corporation and Beijing Ju Yuan No. contract, monthly imports of polyethylene from 30 yuan bow number.

important exhibition

2007 October 6 - 7 days, the Beijing Folk Museum (Dongyue) organized the "Peking Man festival" Folklore garden activities, the number of Ju yuan bow and arrow making skills to appear.

June 6, 2008, in Daxing theater's "old stuff Beijing" Beijing intangible cultural heritage exhibitions and activities, the number of Ju Yuan bow and arrow making skills to appear.

cultural anecdotes

lunar calendar every year on April 21, the day of worship is the bow and arrow industry, consists of the bow and arrow bow and arrow paved courtyard paries contractors. On this day, all artisans shop out of business bows, compound bows to the temple to attend the celebration, I wish to burn incense offering, hosted a singing, wipe Buddha, and is the founder leaves do like to wear clothes, put on gowns. Women and children at home eat boiled pork, croaker, burned incense and bowed. Expenses shared equally by the worship activities spread all compound bow and arrow bow and arrow. This activity continued until 1952.