Peter Aguore

Character experience

Peter Aguore was born on January 30, 1949, born in Minnesota, Minnesota, Nosfield, 1974 in Baltiao, Baltienz Hopkins University Medical College Ph.D. is now a professor and a professor of biochemistry of the college. In 2004, he went to Duke University to serve as a deputy dean of medical school. He is a bonus with McKeene Sharing a total of 1,100 million US $ 1.3 million.

Sweden Royal Academy announced on October 8, 2003, 2003 Nobel Chemical Awards will be awarded American scientists Peter Aguy and Rodrick Macon, to recognize them in the cell membrane channel. The groundbreaking contribution. Nobel Chemical Award Board Chair Bent Kudota said at the press conference that Ageley Award is due to the discovery of cell membrane water channels, while McKinnon's contribution is mainly in the structure and mechanism of cell membrane ion channels. Their discovery clarifies how salt and water into the cells of the living body. For example, how to re-absorb moisture from raw urine, and how the electrical signal is generated and transmitted in cells, which is extremely important for human exploration of renal, heart, muscle and nervous system. The Nobel Science Award usually gives a large scientist, and the award-winning achievements have been tested after decades. But Agere is only 54 years old, while McKinnon is 47 years old. Their results are also relatively new: McKinnon's discovery was 5 years ago; Ageley's work was completed in 1988. Swedish media commentary that this is rare in the history of Nobel Science Award. The results of the Nobel Chemical Awards and Physiology or Medical Awards have shown the trend of contemporary science cross-domain research.

Ion channel is related to another type of cell membrane passage, nervous system and muscle, etc., which can also generate electrical signals to deliver information in the nervous system. However, since scientists have never figured out its structure, further research cannot be launched. McKinnon measured the three-dimensional structure of potassium channel in 1998, "shocked all the research groups." The selection committee said that because of his discovery, people can "see" how the ions are controlled by different cellular signals.

Get Honor

Winning situation

2003 Nobel Chemical Awards awarded American Scientists Peter Agui and Rodrick McGin, respecting them Cell membrane water channels were found, as well as pioneering contributions to ion channel structures and mechanism research.

Award: 2003 Nobel Chemical Award

Achievement: Remnors them in the cell membrane channel The pioneering contribution made by aspects

Winners

The various organisms in humans are composed of cells. The cells are like a tiny town surrounded by the city wall, and the useful substance is constantly transported, and the waste is constantly run. As early as more than 100 years ago, people guess a lot of "city gates" in the city walls of cells in the cell, they only allow specific molecules or ion access. The 2003 Nobel Chemical Awards commended the research results of these "City Gate".

The Swedish Royal Academy announced on the 8th that the 2003 Nobel Chemical Award will be awarded American scientist Peter Agui and Rodrick McKinnon, respectively, they found that the cell membrane water channel, and the ion channel structure And the pioneering contribution made by mechanism research. The cell membrane channel they studied is the "city gate" that people have guess.

The main components of the organism are aqueous solution, and the aqueous solution accounts for 70% of the weight of the body. The aqueous solution in the biological body is mainly composed of water molecules and various ions. They enter and exit in the cell membrane passage to achieve a lot of functions of cells.

In the mid-1950s, scientists found that there is only a certain passage in the cell membrane to allow water to be transported, and people are called water channels. Because water is critical to life, it can be said that water channel is the most important cell membrane channel. Although scientists have found a water channel, the water channel is, but it has always been a mystery.

In the mid-1980s, the American scientist Peter Agui studied different cell membrane proteins. After repeated studies, he found that a cell membrane protein called water channel protein is to find a long time. aisle. In order to verify its findings, Agere compared the cells containing water channel proteins and cells that remove this protein, and the former can absorb water, the latter cannot. For further verification, he also created two artificial cell membranes, a water channel protein, one of which does not contain this protein. He made these two artificial cell membranes into a foam, and then placed in water, and the first bubble was absorbed and expanded, and the second species did not change. These sufficiently explained that the water channel protein has the function of absorbing molecules, which is the water channel.

Research Process

2000, Ageley announced with other researchers together with a highly clear stereo photo of the world's first water channel protein. The photo revealed that the special structure of this protein allows only water molecules.

The discovery of water channel has opened up a new field of research. At present, scientists have found that water channel proteins are widely present in animals, plants and microorganisms, and there are many types, and there are 11 kinds in the human body. It has a very important feature, such as a key filtration in the human kidney. Usually an adult will generate 170 liter urine a day, which filters through the water channel protein in the kidney glomerulus, most of which are recycled by the human body, and only about 1 liter of urine is discharged.

As early as 1890, William Osterwald (1909 Nobel Chemical Awards) will speculate ions to pass the cells. In the 1920s, scientists confirmed some cell membrane channels for odds. In the early 1950s, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Hakxley found that ions came out from a neural cell to another neural cell to transfer information. To this end, they won the 1963 Nobel Physiology or Medical Award. However, the scientists did not know the structure and working principle of the ion channel.

In 1988, Rodrick McKinnon used X-ray crystal imaging technology to obtain a high-definition photo of the world's first ion channel, and revealed the work from the atomic level to the ion channel. principle. The ion channel on this photo is taken from the pyrochromymidosis and a protein. McKinnon's approach is revolutionary, which allows scientists to observe the state of ions before entering the ion channel, in the state, and the state after passing through the channel. Research significance for water channels and ion channels. Many diseases, such as some neurological diseases and cardiovascular diseases are caused by cell membrane channel dysfunction, and research on cell membrane channels can help scientists look for specific causes and develop corresponding drugs. In addition, the function of the cell can be adjusted by different cell membrane channels, thereby achieving the purpose of treating disease. An important function of traditional Chinese medicine is to adjust the composition of the human body fluid and the concentration of different components, which can adjust the function of the cells through different cell membrane channels. Some experts believe that research on cell membrane channels can provide an important way to reveal the scientific principles of traditional Chinese medicine.

Important Contribution

As early as 100 years ago, people guess the channels in the cells in the cells. However, until 1988, Ageley successfully separated a membrane protein, and he realized that it was the water channel of scientists. Agere was awarded the Nobel Chemistry Award in 2003. The Nobel Prize Selection Committee said that this is a major discovery that has opened the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of bacteria, plant and mammalian water channels.