Background
Until 1933, the German Communist Party (KPD) was considered to be the most successful Communist Party in German elections and parliamentary elections; therefore, the Communist International expecting the national communist Party to politically Build part in Germany. This approach is called anti-class politics or extreme "third period", which is expected to promote the victory of German communist campaigns in the economic crisis and war trauma. The German Communist Party therefore focuses on politically opposing German Social Democrats.
The German public opinion has become radical between 1926 and 1931, Germany's public opinion becomes radical, but is used by the Nazi Party and other German fascism groups. To fight against the influence of the German Communist Party, for the fear of the final victory of communism, President Xingdenburg decided to cross the President Presidential power to appoint Hitler as the German government prime minister.
In February 1933, Hitler took office after Hitler, the German Communist Party and Communist International insisted that the victory of Nazi will be short-lived, and Hitler will have more advantages to communism. Condition. However, as the Nazi government has become more and more exposed, and there is no signs of collapse, the German Communists began to realize that they have fundamentally change their position - especially when Hitler expresses that he believes that the Soviet Union is an enemy.
Before the 1930s, the mainstream view of the Communist Party of China is that Germany's class struggle model is not the most appropriate way of success in its national political environment, so it is necessary to use some and other The Left-wing party is combined to prevent a bigger threat to the authoritarian nationalist government. However, Babe and Seno, or Spain of Barbelo, or Spain advocated greater flexibility, comprehensively cooperating with the Social Democratic Party and even left-wing capitalist party, but these people were not the Communist Party at the time. The main leaders. The people have some predecessors, such as the World Overseas Conference on Imperialist War Committee.
Implementing
to 1934 Georgi Ji Mitlov, he is famous for his refuting the Congress's acknowledgment of the Congress, becomes a new General Secretary of Communist International. The official's acceptance of the new policy was first issued in the truth report in May 1934, which has been a favorable comment on the cooperation between the Communists and other left-wing political parties.
In 1935, the seventh time held, the last representative meeting (see Third International) announced a new policy, further expanding the "unified front of the Communists and the socialist", and put forward the establishment of not only including the left. Including the free distribution, gentle part of the people in the conservatives against fascism. According to this policy, the Communist Party has adopted a wide range of alliances with all anti-fascist political parties to ensure that social progress reforms have been made in China, with isolation of Sisis dictatorship. The "People's Front" motor route thus formed is proven to be successful in many countries.
China
On April 25, 1936, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was issued a Declaration of Anti-Japanese People's Anti-Japanese People's Fronts. Proposal to all parties to the country: "Create a resistance to the Japanese imperialist's long drive to resist the long drive of the Japanese imperialist, to oppose the shameless behavior of the traitors of the traitor." The following conditions are proposed as a joint action: (1) Stop all civil war Consistent against Japan. (2) The National Red Army and the National Sea, Lu, Air Force Centralized North China. (3) Call the National Anti-Japanese Salvation Congress to organize defense governments and anti-Japanese coalitions. (4) Complete freedom of speech, assembly, association, publication, belief, release all political crimes. (5) Implement diplomatic disclosure. (6) The country is waiting for my nation and the country in the world. The Declaration first included the Kuomintang within the anti-Japanese national united front, no longer taking down Chiang Kai-shek.
France
Communist Party participated in the establishment of the people in 1933. In 1936, the People's Front Government led by the Socialist Brum (Leon Blum) was selected. Although the French people's fronts prevent French social economic conditions from becoming the fertile soil in China, but they have not blocked the spread of fascism. The People's Front Government also succeeded in the Soviet Assistance Treaty on the Soviet Union of the Soviet Union.
Spain
The people's front of the Second Republic of Spain included Spanish Socialist Workers 'Party (PSOE), Spanish Communist Party (PCE), Marxist Unified Workers' Party (POUM), Republican Land ( IR), Republican Union (UR). The Spanish people also got support from Galicia (PG) and Catalan Nationalist (ERC), the Taroy Union (UGT) and anarchist (CNT) (CNT). Many unsolithists have been fighting along with the people's front in the Spanish Civil War, but they did not support in the elections, but urged to abstain.
The founding Declaration of the People's Front condemned the government adopted by the government, requiring the release of political prisoners deserted in November 1933, re-employing the suspension, dismissal due to not until the procedure or cause Transfer government employee, stop political persecution. It proposes to establish an independent judiciary that investigates and sussets the police's unreasonable violence, and the revised "Public Order Law" to protect citizens from arbitrary power.
The declaration advocates a gentle left economic policy, rejecting the concept of land nationalization, but supports the provision of national economic assistance, new progress leasing laws and promotes collective production methods to agriculture. Encourage national research to assist national industries, commit to protect small enterprises, large-scale expansion public works, and incumbent tax reform. The Declaration announced the people's front against the class-based society, and committed to recover certain economic policies from the 1931 to 1933 Spanish government, including increased the wages of farm workers. Later, the family allowance system was introduced.
In February 1936, the Spanish election selected a broad foundation of the people. After winning the election of the people, the people held a victory parade in Madrid, with more than 250,000 supporters, with thousands of social party and Communist Party members wearing uniforms as the representative identity. The people's fronts perform their commitments immediately, re-employ workers who were fired due to political reasons without the legitimate procedures, and compensate their salary loss according to personal case methods, and the salary is not less than 39 days, no more than six months.
But the next few months have taken a large-scale riots, and the Spanish long guns leading the same year in July, the Spanish Guns, who launched the overthrowing legal government, eventually leading the Spanish Civil War
The status of the Spanish Communist Party in the civil war is significantly enhanced in the people's front, which has triggered a range of conflicts within a series of people's array. Contradictions mainly produce republican and communists who adhere to the people's front government and Spain countries, and require public defeat to establish a revolutionary government to establish a revolutionary government.
In 1938, with the Spanish Communists and Republicans, the Spanish Communists and Republicans, with the Revitalizing Route, anarchist, Catalonia and Basque. Public breaks; the final two disclosed conflicts, the latter failed was banned or forced to merge, the Spanish government led by the Spanish Communist Party and Republicans continued to resist in early 1939.
But by March 1939, the Republicans of Spain believe that civil war has failed to surrender to the rebels, and the opposition of the communists who have adhered to the combat, so the all-in-one armed conflict, Spanish Communists failed And was suppressed. Spain's Republican government surrendered, Franco rebels victory.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom has also produced the People's Front Alliance against the government's appeasement policy in Nazi Germany, including the British Liberal Party, the Liberal Party, the Communist Party, and even Wenston. Churchill has also joined the appearance of the prostitute for the first conservative party, but the main reason for their failure is the opposition within the Labor Party. The British Labor Party is increasingly dissatisfied with the influence of the British Communist Party in unions in all localities. In addition, the incompatibility of liberalism and socialist methods also leads to many liberals to be enemy to this political alliance.
United States
The US Communist Party (CPUSA) has also accepted the people's front line, seeking to participate in the United States, the US Socialist Party in 1936, but the Socialist Party Reject this proposal. During this time, the US Communist Party also provided political support for the new political support of Franklin Roosevelt, such as the cooperation of union.
After World War II, after the end of the Second World War, the people's line movement benefited from the highlighted contribution of the Communist Party of the Communist Party in anti-fascist and anti-Nazi. Make the governments of the main European countries after the war have adopted a similar form of extensive political cooperation, and the local Communist Party forms a variety of forms of joint government. After the start of the Cold War, the government of the people's fronts of many countries has been retained, forming a series of people's democratic Republic (such as the Democratic Republic of Germany, the People's Republic of Poland, the People's Republic of Hungary, etc.). And continued until the end of the Cold War. Criticism
Trotsky and its supporters disclose against the people. Trotsky believes that only the united front of the revolution is finally able to win, and the people's front movement is meaningful because they include non-working class bourgeois forces, such as bourgeois liberals.
Trotsky also believes that on the people's array, the working class requirements are lowered, and the working class proposes its own ability to independently politics from other bourgeois left-wing political parties. Some fourth international left-wing political parties accepted by the people's array routes are exposed by Trotsky.
Effective Stalin also opposes the left-wing communist of Trotsky believes that the people's array line is the appeasement policy of Stalin's capitalism, and the Trotsky route is the advancing policy of capitalism. The people holding this view are like Spain Communian Arnolin Moline (Juaquin Maurin 1896-1973).