Basicknowledge
Modelpowersupplymode
TherearetwopowersupplymethodsfortheHOscaletrainmodel,ACandDC,whichareincompatiblewitheachother.OnlytheGermanbrandMaerklin(Maerklin)usesACpowersupplymode;therearesmallpowersupplycontactsonthetrack,andthemodeltrainusestheconductivematerialunderthecarplatformtocontactthecontactpointsonthetracktogetelectricity.DCpowersupplymode;thetrackisenergizedbythepowersource,andthecarusestheconductivesheetonthewheeltogetelectricity.Someelectriclocomotivescanuseapantographtogetelectricity,andthetransferswitchisonthecarbodycircuitboard.
Mostoftheproductsofcompaniesintheworlduseelectricpowertodrive,whichisthewaytoenergizethetrack,andafewproductscanalsousethepantographtoenergize.Itiscommononthemarkettousethepowersupplyathometopluginthepluganditisconvenienttouse.Itisgenerallycommontodrivethroughthetrackbyenergizing,themainperipheryisequippedwithacontroller(withvariablevoltage),wiresconnectingthetrack,andthetrack.Thetrainmodelgenerallyusesthecurrenttoenergizethetrack,whichcanbedividedintotwotypes:DCcurrent,two-trackandACcurrent,three-track.
DCcurrenttwo-track
Nowadays,mosttrainmodelsonthemarketusuallyuseDCcurrentonthesecond-track.Generally,smalltrainmodelsaremostlyusedataround12volts.OnlysomelargertrainmodelssuchasGandOwillusearound18volts.Thecompanyadoptsthismethod.
Advantages:
A.Itistheauthenticityofthesecondtrack.
B.isacommonstandard,mostbrandsproducethissystem,withhighinteroperability.
ACcurrentthree-track
Thisisusedbyafewbrands.OneofthelargerbrandsisMaerklin,whichisusedonthethree-track.AmericanbrandssuchasLionel,MTH,Atlas,whichproduceO-typethree-railsalsouseACcurrent.SomeEuropeanO-typetrainsaremainlyDCcurrentproducedbyLenz.
Advantages:
A.Thewireconfigurationissimpler,andtheproblemofdisconnectionislesslikelytooccur.
B.Becausetherearethreetracks,theconductivityisbetter.
Disadvantages:
A.Veryuntrue.
B.Itisnotauniversalstandard,andtheinteroperabilityisnotgood.Forexample,ifyoubuyMaerklinHOtype,youcannotbuyotherbrandstomatchit.AlthoughsomebrandssuchasLiliput,HAGhaveproducedsomeACcurrentthree-trackproductsinordertomatchMaerklin.Butthoseareveryrare
UseSteamForpowerdriving
EnglishItiscalledLiveSteam,whichusessteamtodrivethemodeltraintotravellikearealtrain,andisgenerallyusedinlarger-sizemodeltrains.Mainlyusegasoralcoholtoignitetheboilerwater,andsomeuserealcoalbutthecoalmustbecrushedinadvance,whichismoretroublesomebutmoreauthentic.Andthistypeoftrainmodelisquiteauthenticandinteresting,butmostofthistypeoftrainmodelisnotcheapintermsofunitprice,becausethistypeofmodelisquiteaccurateinmanufacturing,especiallytheboilerandcylinderparts,andTheuseandmaintenancearealsoquitecomplicatedandtechnical.
Modelbrand
ThedomesticbrandismainlyBACHMANN.Thequalityandfunctionareworthyofrecognitionasawhole.
ForeignEuropeanseriesincludeROCO,PIKO,TRIX,Maerklin,FLEISCHMANN.OthersincludeATLAS,KATO,etc.TRIX'scarsareallmetalcars,withaveragedetails,butstronginplayabilityandresistance,andtheoverallpriceisaround900yuan.PIKO'sHOBBYseriesissuitablefornovicesandplayerswhocan'taffordtooexpensiveEuropeancars,andthepriceisaround600-700.ThedetailsofROCOareverygood,suitableforashesplayers,butthepriceisexpensive,morethan1,000yuan,Marklinadvisesnovicesnottoconsiderit,becauseitisACpowersupply,theequipmentrequiredismoreexpensiveandtroublesome,whatisACpowersupplywillbediscussedlater.TheAmericancarsfromATLASaregreat,youcanconsiderthem,andKATOcanalsoconsiderthem.FELSCHMANN'sICEisdoingwell,butthepriceisalsohigh.
Modelspecifications
Internationally,trainmodelsaredividedintodifferentlevels(CLASSES),whichcanalsobecalleddifferentspecifications(GAUGES).Eachlevelhasitsownratioregulation,butitisnotrequiredtobe100%accurate,andtherecanbealittleerrorbetweentheupperandlowerlevels.Trainmodelsusuallyhavesixlevels:G,O,S,HO,N,Z,etc.Specializedmerchantsalsoproduceproductsaccordingtotheselevels,sowhenyougotothestoretobuymodeltrains,youcanpreemptivelychoosethemaccordingtothelevel.Youcan'ttakeitwrong.
●LevelG:Itisthelargesttypeoftrainmodel,andtheratiobetweenthemandtheprototypevehicleisusually1:20.Sinceenthusiastsliketochoosethisleveloftrainmodeltomakeoutdoorsandtables,thiskindofgameplayiscollectivelyreferredtoas"GARDENRAILROAD"intheworld,andthislevelalsousesthefirstletteroftheEnglish"courtyard".G"toname.Representativemanufacturer:LGB
●LevelTT:1:120Representativemanufacturer:TlligTTbahn
●LevelO:Thesecondlargesttrainmodel,theratioisgenerallyabout1:48.Americanexpressvehiclemodelsusethisratiomore.Representativemanufacturer:BACHMANN(MillionsCity)
●LevelS:Theratioofmodeltoprototypeisgenerally1:64.Fanswhopursueprecisionproductionusethislevelmore.
●LevelHO:isthemostcommonlyusedmodellevel,witharatioofabout1:87.Therearemanycommoditymodelsofthisscale.Sinceitsratioishalfofthe"Olevel"(EnglishHALF),itwasnamed"HO".Representativemanufacturers:RunEast,FLEISCHMANN,ROCO,BRAWA.ATLAS.
●LevelN:Theratioisabouthalfofthe"HOlevel",around1:160.Thislevelhasbeenpopularsincethe1970sand1980s.QuitealotoffansliketomakeNlevelrailwaysandtablebecauseittakesuprelativelysmallspace.Representativemanufacturer:KATO.TOMIX.TRIX.BRAWA.BACHMANN(MillionCity)
●LevelZ:Itisthesmallesttrainmodellevel,andtheratioisgenerally1:220.Becauseitistoosmalltoseethedetailsclearly,manyenthusiastscannotusethislevel.Therearealsosomemodelsoflocaltrains:ON30-scaleAmericannarrow-gaugetrains;HOeEuropeannarrow-gaugetrains,etc.Therearemanytrainmodelmanufacturersintheworld,amongwhichthemorefamousonesare:ROCO,TRIX,MARKLIN,FLEISCHMANN,BRAWA,PIKO,BACHMANN.Representativemanufacturers:MARKLINOfcourse,therearemanymorepartialratios,suchasON30ratio(Americannarrowgaugeseries)).
ThetrainmodelofHOscaleisabout20-30CMinlength,andthegaugeis16.5MM.
G-typetrainmodelsaregenerally40-60CMlong,withatrackgaugeof45MM.It'sbesttohaveagardenathometohavefun.
Incontrast,thefollowingN-typeismuchsmaller.Thisisa2-6-0Americansteamlocomotivemodel,whichisabout12cminthepalmofyourhand.So,TheJapaneseplaymore.Thegaugeis9MM.
Ztype,thisMARKLINtrolleycanevenbedrivenbysolarenergy.Itisreallycute~theratiois1:220.
Modeltrack
Modeltrackfoundation
Tracklayingisanimportantpartofthesuccessfuloperationoftherailwaysandtable.Thisisatruth!ThetrainmodelismainlyintheHOratio,andthearticlemainlyfocusesontheproductrangeofthisratio,butitisalsoapplicabletothesandtableoftheNratioandotherspecifications.
Railsaregenerallymadeofoneofthefollowingfourmaterials:brass(brass),zinc-coatedsteel(zinc-coatedsteel),steel(steel)andnickelsilver(nickelsilver).Thefirsttwomaterialshavebeencommonlyused,butRundongengineersrecommendednickelbrass.Brasshasgoodelectricalconductivity,butcomparedwithothermaterials,itrequiresmoremaintenanceandcleaning.Theoxideformedonitssurfaceisnoteasytoconductelectricity,whichmeansfrequentuseoftrackcleaningtoolsorcleaningThecarcomestohandlethetrack.Afterthezinconthesurfaceofgalvanizedsteeliswornout,thesteelinsidewillbeexposedtotheair,andwillalsooxidizeandrust.Althoughnickelbrassisnotaverygoodconductor,itsoxidefilmhasthesamegoodconductivityasnickelbrassintheoriginalstate,whichprovidesreliabilityfortheoperationofthetrainmodel.
Combinedtrack
Notonlyarethematerialsusedtomakemodeltraintracksaredifferent,butthetracksalsohavedifferentlengthsandshapes.Beginnersgenerallyusethe9-foot(228.6mm)combinabletrackinthesuit.ThemanufacturerAtlascallsthistypeoftrack"quicktrack",andothermanufacturershavesimilarproducts.Somemodeltracksalsocontainplasticroadbeds,whichcanbemadestraightandcurvedwithradiiof15”(381mm),18”(457.2mm)and22”(558.8mm).Inaddition,the"quicktrack"mayhaveThelengthis1/3(8.5mm),1/2(12.7mm)and2/3(16.9mm)specifications,andtherearesmallerstraightrailsandcurvedrailstoadapttoit.
Whenstartingtolaymodeltraintracks,therearesomesimplebutveryimportantrules:thesmallerthecurve,theshorterthetrainbodythatcanrun.The15”(381mm)railistheminimumtoensurethatthemodeltraindoesnotderail.,Somelocomotivesandvehiclescantravelonsuchasmallcurveverysmoothly,butothertrainswillderail.Atthistime,itisnecessarytolayacirculartrackwitharadiusof18”(457.2mm)or22”(558.8mm).
Combinedrailsareconnectedtoeachotherbysmallclipswithgaps,usuallycalledconnectingpieces.Theconnectingpiecesplaytheroleofconductingandconnectingthetracks.Theoperationofthemodeltrainwillcausetheconnectionpiecetoloosen,causingthetraintoderailorthecircuittobreak.
Theconnectionoftheconnectingpieceshouldbeverycarefultoavoidbumps,whichcancausethetraintoderail.Whenconnectingthetrack,theremustbenolargegaps,otherwisethewheelswillsometimesbetrappedandderailmentmayalsobecaused.
Ifyouarenotgoingtobelimitedtosimpleellipticaltracks,butplantousecombinedtrackstolaymorecomplexlines,youwillfindthatyouneedsomeshortertrackstocooperate.Whenaddingsidelinesorcrossinglinestoanellipticaltrack,itwillcreateagapof1”(25.4mm)orlargerintheoriginallyconnectedtrack.Atthistime,donotforcethetrackstobeconnectedtogether,otherwisethetrackwillnotbesmooth.Buttjoint.Atthistime,itisnecessarytouseashortertracktosupplement,sothattheentiretrackcanbeconnectedneatlyandsmoothly.
Flexibletrack
InmostmodelrailwaysThebendabletrackmayalreadybeastandardtrack.Mostmodeltrackmanufacturersproducethistypeoftrack,buttheirproductsaredifferent.Mostofthistypeoftrackisrigid,butitcanalsobebent.Youcanbendthetrackandbasicallykeepthisshape,buttherearealsosomebendabletracks,althoughtheycanbeeasilybent,butwhenreleased,itwillreturntoitsoriginalstate.
Theadvantageofthebendabletrackis:fewerconnectingpieces;itcanbebenttoformacircle.Generallyspeaking,abendabletrackcanreplacemultiplecombinedtracks,whichcanreducetheoccurrenceofsplicingerrorsandcanbebentflexiblyAsuitablecurveisformedtoadapttotheareawherethetrackislaid.However,thecombinedtrackhasonlyafixedcurvature,andmaynotadapttotheareawherethetrackislocatedafterinstallation.
Whenusingaflexibletrack,thereareseveralpracticalexperiencesandeveryoneSharing.Intheprocessoflayingthetrack,itissometimesuncertainwhetherthereservedpositionissuitablefortheminimumradiusofthetrack,soacertainlengthofbendabletrackisusedasatemporarytrack,andthentheoutlineofthetrackisdrawnalongthecircumferenceofthetrack,andthearcischangedSmooth.Pencils,thinlines,andmeasuringtapesarealsogoodtools,butitismoreaccuratetouseactualtrackstodeterminetheposition.
Justlikeusingacombinedtrack,thekeytousingaflexibletrackisalsoMakethetrackflat,withoutsharpturnsortwists,nosuddenuphillsanddownhills.Youcankeepyoureyesonthesameplaneasthetrackandlookfarawayalongthetracktoensurethatthetrackisflat.Specialattentionshouldbepaidto:Sometimesthewoodenboardusedforsandtableisnotflat.Whenyouobservethetrackwithdistortion,badconnection,bumporsinkingwithyoureyes,youshoulddealwithitimmediately.Otherwise,afterthetrainmodelderails,itwillnotonlycausedamagetothederailedscene,butalsoItmayalsocausedamagetootherparts.
Youcanusethemodeldatatosawthebendabletrack.Thereservedlengthofthetrackshouldbeslightlylongerthantheactualrequiredlength.UseafiletomakethesectionflatandmakethetrackReachtherequiredlength.
Maintenance
Maintenance
1.502glue;it'sjustacarmodelkiller,youdon’tneedtouseitasmuchaspossible,youcanuseacottonswabtodipasmallamountofglueApplytotheadhesivepart,donotdripdown,becauseitisnoteasytosolidifyafterdripping,anditwillcauseseriousconsequencesifitflowsintothecarshellandcircuitboard.502corrodesthecarshellverybadly.Notonlycanitberemoved,itwillalsoleavescars.
2.Avoiddirectsunlight;everyoneknowsthetruth,thecolorofthecarmodelfades,andthepaintwillpeeloffafteranother.
3.Usedtrack;itisrecommendedtouseitafterbuyingitbackSanditagainwithfinesandpapertoensuregoodpowersupply.Itisrecommendedthatqualifiedplayersbuytrackcleaningcartsortrackcottonwipes.
4.Sportscar;don’tstopandgohurriedly,itwillgreatlydepletethelifeofthemotor.Thetraileristoofastandtoofastwilldamagethecouplerspring.
5.Thebowofanelectriclocomotive;trynottoopenitfrequently.Frequentliftingwillcausethepantographbuckletoloosen,makingitimpossibletoholdthepantograph.
6.Trynottoexposethecarmodeltotheairforalongtime;itisbesttostoreitinapackageandsealitoutoflight,becausethefloatingdustintheairwillbeadsorbedonthecarshell,whichisdifficulttoclean.Aftercleaning,itisduetostaticelectricity.Willsuckalotagain.Long-termexposuretotheairwillalsocausethegearoiltodry,andeventhesportscarwillnotrunsmoothly.
7.Trackmaintenance;itisrecommendedtouseatrackwipetowipethetrack.Ifeconomicconditionsarelimited,youcanuseasoftspongetowipeandfinesandpaper.Ipersonallydonotsupportalcohol,becausealcoholiscorrosive.Boththemodelandthetrackarenotgood,andtheotheronealsohasapeculiarsmell,althoughitcanbedisinfected,haha.Afterthetrackisusedforaperiodoftime,thedustintheairorthelubricatingoilofthetrainmodelwillseepout,resultinginalayerofdirtonthetracksurface.Generally,alcoholcanbeaddedtothelint-freeclothtowipethetracksurfaceandthetrainmodel(powered)Thewheelandtrackcontactsurface.
8.Themethodofholdingthecar(novicemustsee):Theproposalistoholdthefueltankpartinthemiddleofthebogiewithyourlefthand,andthefivefingersofyourrighthandwillnaturallyholdthemiddleofthecarshell.Ifitisanelectriclocomotive,becarefulnottotouchitwithyourhands.Intheelectrifiedareaontheroofofelectriclocomotives,becausethepartstherearerelativelyfragile,thehandrails,bogiesandotherfragileandsmallpartsshouldbeavoided.ThepackagingofMillionCity’scarisafixedframepackage.Thecarisplaceddirectlyonitandcanbelifteddirectlybyhand.Thereisalsoabuilt-inpackagemadeaccordingtotheshapeofthecarmodel,suchasTRIX’sfoampackagingandPIKO’sPlasticembeddedpackaging,thiskindofpackagingismoredifficulttotake.Youcancutasemi-circularmouthontheedgeofthepackagingthatcanjustletyourfingersgoin,sothatthesafetyandspeedofpickingandputtingthecararegreatlyimproved.Youcanalsoholditwithyourhandsandgentlybucklethecarmodelupsidedownonyourhands,butthisismoredangerousfornovices.
9.Carshellmaintenance;1.Carshellavoidcontactwithsharpobjects,whetheritischangingthecarorother,becausethesharpmetalscratchesontheengineeringplasticisaverydeepscratch,veryUgly,2.Trytoavoidrubbingthecarwithalcohol,whichisslightlycorrosivetothecarshell.
10.Payattentiontodustwhenplacingit;placethecarmodelonadeskorageneraltablewithaplexiglasscovertopreventdustfromentering.Ifyouputitinadisplaycabinetandwanttocreateabetteratmosphere,youcanputsomelightsinthedisplaycabinet.Atthattime,youmustputaglassofwaterinthedisplaycabinet,becausethehightemperatureofthelightwillcausethepaintsurfaceofthecarmodeltodryandcrack,andaglassofwatercanmaintainthehumidity.
11.Putthelightmachineoilusedforthesewingmachineontheplacewheretherearescrewsonthechassis,waitanhour,andlubricatethoroughly.Thiscanpreventthescrewsfrombeingrustedandtheshellcannotbedriven.
Maintenancearticles
1.Runthecaroccasionally;ifitisprovidedasababy,itwillaffecttheperformanceofthemotorifitisnotasportscarforalongtime,whichwillcausethesportscartobeunstable,andoccasionallytakethecarGooutandrunafewlapstokeepthemotoringoodcondition.
2.Payattentiontocleaningtheaxles;themicroairflowbroughtupinthesportscarwilldrawdustmites,doghair,hair,etc.intotheaxles,whichwillaffectthevehicle.Youcanuseabladetocutthehairontheaxlesandthencutthemoff.Clampitoutwithtweezers.Youcan'tblowitbecauseitwillblowintothecarbody.
3.Oiling;occasionallyoilingtheaxlesandgearboxeswillextendthelifeofthegears,reducewearandtear,andmakethesportscarsmoothandsmooth.Usecreamoilforgearsandlightliquidmotoroilforaxles,asmallamountYes,otherwiseitwillseepontothetrack.
4.Wipethecar;useasoftglassesclothmoistenedwithLCDscreencaresolutiontogentlywipethesurfaceofthecarshell,avoidingmetalpartsandsmallparts,becauseitwillcauserustandaccidentalfalloftheparts.Afterwiping,wipeofftheremnantsofthecaresolutionwithadampclothslightlymoistenedwithwater,thenwipedrywithasoftdrycloth,waitfor10minutesforthemoisturetoevaporate,andstoreitinthepackage.
5.Keepitdry;thebaggedlimepowderinthepackageisgreatwhenyoueatseaweed.Putitintheboxorcabinetofthecarmodeltoachieveadryingeffect,especiallyinthesouth.Butitalsoneedstobemoisturized.Theratioofdrytowetisabout8:2
6.Donotholdthecardirectlywithyourhands;therearemorebacteriaandmicroorganismsonyourhands,andsweatonyourhandswillalsocausedamagetothepaint.Itisrecommendedtousesoftwhiteconciergeglovestotakeit.Afterall,leavinglargehandprintsisnotgood-looking.
Noviceplayersmustknow
1.Ifyoubuyacarforthefirsttime;don’topenthepackagehurriedlyaftertakingithome.Accordingtomyexperience,Iboughtacarforthefirsttime.IwassoexcitedthatIdidn'tholditproperly,touchedthetable,andaccidentallydamagedthecarmodel.Iregretitsofar.
2.Don’tdrivethenewlyboughtcarathighspeedimmediately;runitataslowspeedforabout50meters.Thepurposeistobreakinthegearsandthecoordinationoftheentirecar’sparts.Ifyouholditasatreasure,IsuggestyoubuyZeyi'scar,itdoesn'tmakemuchsense.Therunningpartofthecarmodelisnotasfragileasyouthink,wejustwanttoenjoythefunofthesportscar,ratherthansufferingfrominfinitematerialdesires;contentmentisnotit!
3.Becarefulwhenputtingthesportscarbackintothepackaging;somenewcomersareoftenunfamiliarwiththeuniquepackagingofthetrainmodel,andoftenhardtoputitin,whichwillcausealotofdamagetothefragilemodel.Ifyoulookclosely,youwillfindthatifyouputitintherightplace,theentiretrainwillfitintotheplasticpackagingmold,andthat'sright.Don'tbehardtoplaywiththemodel,becausemostofthepartsonthelocomotivearebuckledonitandcanberemovedwithalittlebrainstorming.
4.Whenthetrainisrunning;don’tpinitwithyourhands,blockit,don’tputanythingonthetrack,itwillcausegreatharmtothemotor.
5.Novicestrynottoopenthecarshell;waituntilyouhaveanin-depthunderstandingofthemodelbeforeyouopenit.Youopenitanddon'tknowthestructureinside.Ifyoucan'tgoback,itwillbetroublesome.
6.Ifthetrackisnotconnected;donotmakeithard.Thereasonisthatthecardstripsofthetwotracksareoftennotalignedandstaggered.Layingthetrackisapatience,andyouneedtobecareful.Don'tforceit.
7.Itisnotrecommendedfornovicestomakesandboxes;becausetheyhavenoin-depthknowledgeofmorein-depthknowledgeandbrandcommonsenseanddailyattempts,thesandboxesmadewillbeveryunrealistic.
Developmenttrend
Thetrainmodelisverypopularabroad.IntheEuropeanmodelshop,youcanseeavarietyofmodelsoftrains,withlocomotives,internalcombustionengines,steamenginesandelectricmotors;therearecarriages,trucks,passengercars,andofficialcars;redandgreenarecolorful.Ifyouarehappy,peoplecanspendafewhundreddollarstobuyaready-madeone,hugithome,swingtherailroadtrackontheground,turnontheswitch,andthemodeltrainwillcirculateincircles,lettingyouhaveagoodtime.Butthisisarelativelylow-endgameplay.Usingamodeltrainasahobbyiscomplicated.Eachmodelmanufacturerhasuncertaintechnicalrequirementsformodelmaking,soitisnecessarytoachieveabalancebetweencostcontrolandprototypecarrequirements,whichrequiresmanufacturerstorefineandaccuratemodelmaking.