Introduction
The International Military Tribunal refers to an international judiciary specializing in combating and punishing war criminal acts. The International Military Tribunal of the International Society has been established, and the International Military Tribunal of the Trial War Crime has been mainly:
The European International Military Tribunal is also known as the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, which is a special trial of German war criminals established after World War II. court. The court consists of judges of British, US, Su, and French.
The Far East International Military Tribunal is established after the end of the Second World War, is a judge who specializes in punishing Japanese War criminals, which consists of the judges of China, the United States, Britain, Law, and Su.
Former Yugoslavia International Criminal Court.
The International Criminal Court of Rwanda.
International Criminal Court.
Introduction
Nuremberg
Nuremberg International Military Tribunal also known as the European International Military Tribunal. On August 8, 1945, Su, Mei, Britain, signed the "Agreement on complaints and punish the European axis of Europe" and its attachment "European International Military Tribunal Chart" (after another 19 of Greece) The country joined), according to the International Military Tribunal, on October 18, the To, in Berlin, in Berlin on H. Golin, R. 24 defendants such as Hess, and on November 20th, the next year, these German main warfareters were tried in Nuremberg (see war crime, Nuremberg trial).
Military Tribunal (7)
According to Charter, the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal has the right to trial and punish all crimes in violation of peace crimes, war crimes and violation of humanity German main war criminals and criminal organizations (Article 6). The court shall consist of four judges and assignment of one assistant, 4 signatory countries should appoint one judge and 1 assistant (Article 2). The judges and their assistants in the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal are: Jazz, Lawrence, the British, N. Burkit Judge, Mr. HD Vvabur, Mr. R. Mr. F. F. Badel, USA JJ Parker Judge, the Soviet IT Nikino General and AF Walchkov, the president is Lawrence Sir. For courts, judges, assistants, prosecutors, defendants or their defenders must not apply for evading. "Each signature country has replaced its reason or other legitimate reason or other legitimate reasons, but in the case of an interrogatory case, in addition to the assistant delivery, there must be replacement" ( 3). When trial, "must have all the four trials of the Tribunal to attend, or when any one is absent, the assistant is attended, and the statutory number will be constituted." The president is elected by the judge (unless the trial of the three-person vote is proposed), it is in principle. "But when the court held a court in the territory of the four signed countries, the trial of the Tribunal should serve as a president. "In addition to the above circumstances, the Tribunal should be decided by the vote of over half; if both parties have to vote, the vote of the president has decisive effect; but whenever, the decision of the conviction and the proposal must have at least this court trial official Three people vortex "(Article 4).About the organization of investigations and sued committees, Article 14 of the Charter: "Every signatory country is the crime of investigating the main war criminals, and each assignment of prosecutor is one person, and constitutes an investigation and sued committee. The Chief Prosecutor in the Nuremberg trial is: R. H. Jackson judges in the United States, the British H. Sir, France's F. Duntang East and the Soviet R.A. Ludenco. The Investigation and Prosecution Committee, "For all matters, you should decide on the voting of over half, and to facilitate the convenience, you will designate one person as Chairman in accordance with the principle of turns;" but if the defendant should be assigned by this court or the defendant When the crime of accused, when the vote of both parties, the defendant should be taken to the prosecution of the prosecutor to the prosecutor of the defendant.
The trial of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal, basically take the proceedings of the British and American legal system. Article 24 of the Charter, the trial procedure will take the following:
1. The indictment should be read in this court.
2. This court reports every defendant Willing to recognize 'guilty' or 'inno crime'.
3. The prosecutor should be stated in the initial statement.
4. This Tribunal news question the prosecutor and the defendant, The evidence can be proposed in this court, whether the evidence adopts the decision of this court.
5. The witnesses of the prosecutor should be reported first, and the cards are subject to the defendant. Since then By the license of the Tribunal, the prosecutor or the defendant has to propose the evidence or witnesses of each other.
6. This court has any time, for any witness and any defendant, any interrogation.
7. The prosecutor and the defendant have to ask and counter any witnesses and any testimonials.
8. The defendant stated in the court.
9. Prosecutor To court statement.
10. Each annotated to this court final statement.
11. This court declares judgment and penalties. "At the same time, in order not to do due to the United Kingdom Fabricated evidence rules affect the rapid trial of German war criminals, Article 19 of the Charter stipulates: "The Tribunal should be unconstrained in the provision of evidence of technical aspects. This court is within the possibility of adopting and adopting simple and fast Technical procedures and adopts any evidence that they think is considered to have evidence. "After the Nuremberg trial, the trial of other warrities was carried out by countries in its respective occupation areas in their respective occupations. The United States held 12 trials for German war criminals in Nuremberg in its occupied area.
Far East International
is an international criminal special court established by the Second World War, which is composed of judges in China, the United States, Ying and 11 countries. On September 2, 1945, after Japan received the "Potsdam Announcement" unconditional surrendering, Sovome Yingshi 3rd held a Moscow meeting from 16-206, from December 16th, 19, which protocol and consent: "Establishing the Allies Regulatory Japan Committee." According to the "Potsdam Announcement", Moscow Ying, the United States, the Su Foreign Minister Meeting, January 19, 1946, the Higher command of the Allies D. MacArthur announced the Charter of the Far East International Military Tribunal (April 26, 1946).
Far East International Military Affairs accepts the prosecution of 28 defendants and other 28 defendants and other 28 defendants and other 28 defendants in the East British English, Guangtian, Hongyi, on 29 April 19, 1946. On November 12, 1948, the Japanese main warfare was tried in Tokyo.
Criminal Tribunal
is a special international trial mechanism established by the UN Security Council according to the permissions specified by the United Nations Charter. This is the first international court established in accordance with the UN Security Council resolution rather than international treaties.
Rwanda
is an international military court established under the UN Security Council resolution 955 of November 8, 1994, which is also implemented so far to implement race in non-international armed conflict in non-international armed conflict. International Tribunal for Diet. September 1996, Rwanda International Criminal Court and Rwanda domestic court have tried the government imprisonment.
Criminal Court
officially established in the Netherlands, on July 1, 2002, is the world's first permanent international criminal justice created according to the "Statute of the International Criminal Court" adopted by the United Nations Institutions, it has the right to trial of racial extinction, war crimes, anti-human crimes and aggression. The International Criminal Court is directly related to the United Nations, but it is independent of the United Nations and is not subject to the United Nations and the Council. The US government has been unfavorable to the US military, diplomats and officials in 2002, taking into account the "Regulations on the International Criminal Court", announced from the International Criminal Court to withdraw from the International Criminal Court in 2002.
China
In history, the Chinese People's Liberation Army has called the trial organ with the nature of the military court as a military court. In September 1931, the "Regulations on the Ordinance of the Revolutionary Military Tribunal", the Red Military Tribunal, or above, the local county military command and the military committee branch, set up a revolutionary military court. In January 1954, the Central Military Commission ratified the establishment of the military court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army to unify the military trial of the whole army. According to the "Constitution of the People's Republic of China" and "Organization Law of the People's Republic of China", the military court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was renamed the military court of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. Under normal circumstances, the organizational form of the military court is the military trial court, and the military trial organ is established according to law when he is aware of a criminal case. Includes an unique trial court and a collaborative trial court. Sometimes, special military courts are set up for the trial of special cases. In 1945, the Shandong Military Region issued the "Regulations on the Ordinance of Military Tribunals at all levels of Shandong Province", in order to trial war criminals and traitor cases, During military management period, the Shandong Military Region Command, Jiaodong, Bohai, Luzhong, Binhai, Luan, etc. Military Command and the Military Tribunal in the Command of Military Region. In 1956, China established the Supreme Military Court of the Supreme People's Court for the trial of Japan's warfare.