Development
The average household ownership of micro-special motors in developed countries is 80-130 units, while the average household ownership in my country’s big cities is only between 20-40 units. If the average annual usage of each family increases by 1 unit, the annual demand for micro-motors in my country will increase by 300-400 million units, and its market development potential can be seen in general.
In recent years, driven by the demand of downstream application industries, my country's micro motor manufacturing industry has developed rapidly. Data shows that during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, the total sales of the micro and special motor manufacturing industry above designated size exceeded 300 billion yuan. As of the end of 2011, there were 791 enterprises above designated size (annual sales scale of more than 20 million yuan) in China's micro and special motor manufacturing industry, with sales revenue exceeding 110 billion yuan, a year-on-year growth rate of 22.04%. China's micro motor manufacturing industry has made considerable progress, especially in the three major regions of the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Bohai Bay Rim. It has formed an important production base and export base for China's micro motor. Micro and special motors, which account for about 60% of the world's total output, are produced in China. China has become the world's largest producer of micro and special motors, but the product grade and technical level are not high. Many new micro and special motors are blank, and China is not yet a technological power.
Types
There are many types of micro motors, which can be roughly divided into DC motors, AC motors, auto-angle motors, stepping motors, resolvers, shaft angle encoders, AC and DC There are 13 categories of dual-purpose motors, tachogenerators, induction synchronizers, linear motors, piezoelectric motors, motor units, and other special motors.
Introduction
Micro motor is an indispensable basic product in various fields such as industrial automation, agricultural modernization, weapon equipment modernization, office automation, home modernization, and so on. With the degree of economic development and technological progress, it will further expand. The average household ownership of micro-motors in developed countries is 80-130 units, while the average household ownership in large cities in China is about 20-40 units, which is far lower than that in western developed countries. If the average annual use of each family increases by 1 unit, China's annual demand for micro and special motors will increase by 300 to 400 million units, and the domestic micro and special motors market has great potential for development.
Structure
Electromagnetic type
The structure of micro motors can be roughly divided into three categories: the basic composition is similar to ordinary motors, including stator, rotor, electric Pivot windings, brushes and other components, but the structure is extremely compact.
Combined
There are two common ones: the combination of the above-mentioned various micromotors; the combination of the micromotors and electronic circuits. For example, a combination of a DC motor and a sensor, a combination of X-direction and Y-direction linear motors, etc.
Non-electromagnetic type
The external structure is the same as the electromagnetic type. For example, rotating products are made into a cylindrical shape, and linear products are made into a square, but the internal structure is very different due to different working principles. .
Parameter performance
The performance of various types of micro motors is very different, and its performance parameters are difficult to clarify uniformly. Generally speaking, the driving machinery focuses on the energy index during operation and starting; the output power, waveform and stability should be considered for the power supply; the control micromotor focuses on the static and dynamic characteristic parameters.
The characteristic parameters of the first two types of motors are similar to those of ordinary motors.
Characteristic parameters
Working characteristics
The micro motor for control has its own unique characteristic parameters. It is usually expressed by the relationship between output and input, or one output and another output. In terms of control requirements, the static characteristic curve should be continuous, smooth, and without sudden changes; the dynamic characteristic is usually represented by a frequency curve or a response curve. The frequency curve should be stable and there should be no sudden oscillation points; the response curve should converge quickly.
Sensitivity
Corresponds to the size of the output per unit input signal. Generally, specific torque, specific electromotive force, amplification factor, etc. are commonly used.
Accuracy
Under certain input conditions, the difference between the actual value of the output signal and the theoretical value represents the accuracy of the micromotor, and is often expressed by the size of the error.
Impedance or resistance
In the system, the input and output impedance of the micromotor should be matched with the corresponding circuit respectively to ensure the operating performance and accuracy of the system. ⑤ Reliability. It is not only the special requirement of the control micromotor, but also the driving micromotor and power supply micromotor. Commonly used parameters such as service life, failure rate, reliability and mean time between failures characterize the operating reliability of micromotors.
Scope of application
Motion machinery
Drive occasions without special control requirements are used as the power source of the motion machinery load;
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For example, in a video cassette recorder, the micro motor is not only a key component of the drum assembly, but also an important component of its capstan drive, automatic loading of tapes and cassettes, and tape tension control.
Automation equipment
Office automation equipment, computer peripheral equipment and industrial automation equipment. Such as disk drives, photocopiers, CNC machine tools, robots, etc., all use micro-motors.
Industry characteristics
Overview
my country has joined the WTO, and the Chinese economy has truly entered the international market. For the micro and special motor industry, while satisfying the domestic market, it should further expand the share of the international market and make my country's micro and special motor industry one of the international powers.
Domestic review of the industry
China's micro and special motor industry was founded in the late 1950s. Starting from meeting the needs of national defense weapons and equipment, it has gone through the stages of imitation, self-design and research and development. With a development history of more than 40 years, it has formed a complete industrial system for product development, large-scale production, and key components, key materials, special manufacturing equipment, and testing instruments. According to statistics, there are more than 1,000 manufacturers of micro and special motors in China, with more than 100,000 employees, and a total industrial output value of more than 10 billion yuan. The micro motor industry has become an indispensable basic product industry in the modernization of the national economy and national defense.
Industry characteristics
Micro motors refer to motors with a diameter less than 160mm or rated power less than 750W, or with special performance and special purpose. Micro-special motors integrate multiple disciplines such as motors, microelectronics, power electronics, computers, automatic control, precision machinery, new materials, and other high-tech industries. In particular, the application of electronic technology and new material technologies has promoted the technological progress of micro-special motors.
There are many types of micro motors (more than 5000 kinds), complex specifications, and a wide range of market applications. They involve various aspects of the national economy, national defense equipment, and human life. You can see them wherever electric drives are needed. To the micro motor.
There are many manufacturing processes for micromotors, involving precision machinery, fine chemicals, microfabrication, magnetic material processing, winding manufacturing, insulation processing and other process technologies. The number of process equipment required is large and the accuracy is high. In order to ensure the product The quality of this product also requires a series of sophisticated testing instruments, which is an industry with strong investment.
In short, the micro motor industry is a labor-intensive and technology-intensive high-tech industry.
Domestic production status
Since the 1980s, the domestic demand for micro motors has been increasing. Our country has introduced more than 50 production lines to realize the large-scale and large-scale production of micro-motors in 25 categories, 60 series, 400 varieties, and 2000 specifications. The main products are brushed permanent magnet DC motors, low-power AC motors, AC and DC series motors, shaded pole motors, stepping motors, vibration motors (for mobile phones), etc.
In 1999, the output of my country's micro and special motors was about 3 billion units, of which the output of private and state-owned enterprises was about 250 million, the output of sole proprietorship was about 1.2 billion, and the output of Hong Kong was about 1.4 billion. The output is about 180 million units. The production volume in 2000 was about 3.9 billion units, accounting for 60% of the world's total production.
High-tech micro-motors, such as precision brushless motors, high-speed synchronous motors, high-precision stepping motors, chip winding brushless motors, high-performance servo motors, and new principles and new structures ultrasonic motors in China Commercialization or mass production capacity has not yet been formed. Therefore, China still relies on imports for high-precision micro-motors. According to customs statistics, the average annual foreign exchange use increased by 26.9% from 1995 to 2000. Although it increased by 4.81% in 2001, it still reached 1.197 billion U.S. dollars. Analysis of the International Market of Micro and Special Motors
The world economy is constantly developing and people’s living standards are constantly improving. As an indispensable basic electromechanical product, micro and special motors have both low and mid-range products. , Low-investment labor-intensive products, and high-investment technology-intensive products that combine advanced manufacturing technology, emerging electronic technology and new material technology applications, and have been integrated into the globalization of production and sales.
In 2000, the global micro-special motor market exceeded 6.5 billion units, mainly distributed in the fields of audio-visual, office automation, electric vehicles (including automobiles), home appliances and air-conditioning. Table 1 lists the world's micro and special motor market distribution in 2000 and Japan's share (it should be noted here that a considerable portion of the medium and low-end micro and special motors with a market share in Japan have been transferred to the mainland for production). With the improvement of people's living standards, the micro motor market is developing rapidly. Generally, the number of micro-motors in each family can be used to measure the degree of modernization of a country. From Table 2, we can know the historical situation and future growth trends of the number of micro-motors in each family in developed countries in Japan, and the development of market demand. Rapidly, there is a huge market.
Japan has made a lot of efforts in light, thin, small home appliances for AV and OA micro motors, high efficiency and quietness of micro motors for air conditioners, and high performance of micro motors for industrial servos. The research and development work is in a leading position in the world, and its products have a large technical content, occupying most of the world's high-end micro motor market.
China is a big exporter of micro and special motors
From 1995 to 2000, China's exports of micro and special motors increased by 18.6% annually. In 2001, it was 6.02% less than in 2000. Affected by the "9.11" incident in the United States, the economies of the United States and Japan suffered serious setbacks. The global economic downturn was the main factor in the decline in exports in 2001. Table 3 lists the export of micro and special motors from 1995 to 2001 according to customs statistics. In 2000, the world micro-motor market was about 6.5 billion units, and my country exported 2.726 billion units, accounting for about 42% of the international market. Among them, toy motors were 321.511 million units, and <37.5W micro-motors were 23.392 million units and> 37.5W. There are 19.706 million AC and DC motors and 2.377 million DC motors and generators of <750W. According to statistics, 80% of the micro-special motors produced and exported by investment companies in the mainland of Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan.
After joining WTO, China's micro motor industry has entered into a global economic environment where opportunities and challenges coexist. Only by striving hard and fierce competition can we gain a greater share of the international market.