Historical figures
Maerqieluo · Malpighi Marcello Malpighi (1628 Nian 3 Yue 10 Ri to 1694. November 30 day) Italian physiologist, microscope found, these small arteries and veins are connected by tiny blood vessels known as capillaries now. Born in Bologna. Studied at the University of Bologna, has won the Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Medicine. 1655 any logic lecturer in the University of Bologna. 1656 Professor of Theoretical Medicine University of Pisa. 1662 was chosen as chief professor of medicine at the University of Messina. In 1666 he was appointed professor at the University of Bologna. 1669 was elected member of the Royal Society. 1684 due to the home fire, all equipment, books and manuscripts were destroyed, causing the unfinished work could not be completed.
Maerpiji of microscopic plants and animals conducted extensive research, make an important contribution to the development of embryology and anatomy. Was the first to use animal and plant scientists study the structure of the microscope. The most important test is 1660--1661 annual use of microscope observation of lung construction is completed, a detailed description of the frog lung capillaries, author of "Anatomy of the lung," a book. Found arthropod excretory organ, called a "venturi Maerpiji", referred to as "Malpighian tubules."
published works
Maerpiji of the endocrine glands, brain and spinal cord, respirators insects, moth metamorphosis described, he published his first paper on invertebrates. 1673 issued a "chicken egg formation" and "observe the hatching eggs" two papers, is important for the development of embryology. Book "plant anatomy" one book, two volumes, 1675--1679 published. The book includes many fine illustrations, is a classic plant anatomy.
individual contributions
When Galilean telescope invention, he must fully understand the lens array may also be used to amplify physical image. In a sense, is the inventor of the microscope. Kepler his friends and his young assistant Torricelli further development of the theory of optical microscopes. The mid-1600s, a time line microscope style of study, many first-rate researcher are competing to study it.
Malipiji slightly ahead one step, which is known as the father of microscopy. He is a trained doctor, after his father's death was due to dropping out of school, received his medical degree at the University of Boluoniya in 1653. Then he universities to teach in Italy, mainly in Boluoniya. In 1691 he finally reached Rome, Dr. Ren Siren pop-Yi Nuoxin XII.
Malta Picchi work in terms of microscopy, from the seventeenth century fifties study frog lungs began. In 1660 he pointed out that the blood leads to important conclusions. First, it describes the process of respiration is a key step, because it makes easy to understand: the air smoothly diffuse from the lungs to the blood vessels go, and then the blood flow of air to all parts of the body. Soon Siwang Dan * detect some elements inside the bloodstream, and later they finally found an important part of air transport, and Lou * Eritrea is one of the first to speculate on the true details of this process.
Malta Picchi observation bat wing membrane, so he found the most delicate blood vessels, capillaries and finally was named ( "hair-like"). These vessels with the naked eye, but clearly visible in the microscope. They found the smallest arteries and veins with minimal visible link up. Because of this discovery, Malta basal provides a key factor in the lack of blood circulation Harvey * theory put forward thirty years ago, Harvey died due just a few years ago that it can not witness this victory. Also about this time, Ludebeike of Xunhuanxitong also added his last bit of contribution.
He dismissed the impression: There are two yellow bile and black, which eliminates the traceability to a thousand years ago Hippocrates * false belief School.
Malta Picchi continue to study other fine aspects of life, for example, chick embryo and insects. He has a book, specializing in internal organs silkworm, this is the first discussion of a non-vertebrate monographs. He found traces of chicken embryos have gill structure, which prove that it is coming from a class of biological evolution fish, though he was of what they found did not realize that very clearly. (Malta Picchi of a contemporaries Greve * in his study, even unknowingly dating back to before the embryo things.)
Malta Picchi studied respirator insects, this is a full body and leads to many branches outside the abdomen through the pores of microtubules. In the structure of the plant stem, he was found to have a microtubule helical structure. Since these microtubules with insects like microtubules, they are mistaken for his breathing. He described the lower surface of the leaf pores (stomata), but failed to guess the function of these holes, which is the implementation of breathing. Younger than his contemporaries Turkoglu * microscope observation of plants is also interesting.
Malta Picchi research achievement is outstanding, so the Royal Society of London in 1667 suggested that he would Science News of its results sent to them.
Malta Picchi and its wholly-made microscope scientists work suggests that living tissue in a structure more complex than a single with the naked eye can see, the world is also on the micro and very like astronomy Like the great and worthy of study in the world.