- Specialtopic
InterpretationoftheRegulationsontheRegistrationofMarketEntities2021-08-2516:35
July27,2021,theStateCouncilPremierLiKeqiangsignedanorderoftheStateCounciltopromulgatethe"RegulationsontheRegistrationandAdministrationofMarketEntitiesofthePeople'sRepublicofChina",whichwillcomeintoforceonMarch1,2022.The"Regulations"has6chaptersand55articles.Themaincontentsinclude:First,clarifytheregistrationauthorityandworkrequirements.ThemarketsupervisionandmanagementdepartmentoftheStateCouncilisinchargeoftheregistrationandmanagementofmarketentitiesnationwide....Details
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Marketentitiesareprofitable,Thisisitsmostessentialandimportantfeature.Marketentitiesalsohaveindependence,whichismainlymanifestedintheindependenceofpropertyrightsandtheindependenceofmanagementrights.Flexibility.Marketentitiesadjusttheirbusinessstrategiesandtacticsinaccordancewithmarketlaws,whicharetheirbasicfunctionsinthemarket.Inaddition,marketentitiesalsohavethecharacteristicsofmutualrelevance,equality,andlegitimacy.
Investor
Investorsrefertogeneralprofitableinvestments.Theinvestor’squalificationsmustmeetthefollowingrequirements:
1)Thedirectionorfieldofinvestment.Insomeareas,non-statecapitalcannotenter,soinvestorsarenotestablishedhere.Insomefields,nationallegislationrestrictstheentryofstate-ownedcapitalinordertoencouragethedevelopmentofrelatedfields.
2)Theamountoramountofinvestment.Forexample:Article81ofthe"CompanyLaw":"Ifacompanylimitedbysharesisestablishedbymeansofsponsorship,theregisteredcapitalshallbethetotalamountofsharecapitalsubscribedbyallthepromotersregisteredwiththecompanyregistrationauthority.Theinitialcapitalcontributionofallthepromotersofthecompanyshallnotbelow20%oftheregisteredcapital,theremainingpartshallbepaidinfullbythepromoterswithintwoyearsfromthedateofestablishmentofthecompany;amongthem,theinvestmentcompanycanpayinfullwithinfiveyears.Beforethefullpayment,sharescannotberaisedfromothers.LimitedsharesWhereacompanyisestablishedbywayoffundraising,theregisteredcapitalshallbethetotalamountofpaid-insharecapitalregisteredwiththecompanyregistrationauthority.TheminimumregisteredcapitalofacompanylimitedbysharesisRMB5million.Theminimumlimitoftheregisteredcapitalofacompanylimitedbylawissetbylawsandadministrativeregulations.Forhigherregulations,followtheirregulations."
3)Theformofcapitalcontribution.Forexample:Article27ofthe"CompanyLaw":"Shareholderscanmakecapitalcontributionsincurrency,orusenon-monetarypropertiessuchasphysicalobjects,intellectualpropertyrights,landuserights,etc.thatcanbevaluedincurrencyandcanbetransferredinaccordancewiththelaw;however,thelaw,Theadministrativeregulationsstipulatethatthepropertycannotbeusedascapitalcontribution."
Inaddition,therearealsoinvestmentmethodsandotherregulations.
Operators
Operatorsrefertolegalpersons,otherorganizationsandindividualsengagedintheproductionandmanagementofcommoditiesortheprovisionofpaidservices.
Thequalificationsofanoperatorgenerallyhavethefollowingaspects:First,theabilityofwill.Second,thescopeofbusiness.Third,propertycapacity.Fourth,technicalcapabilities.Inaddition,thisarticlebelievesthatoperatorsshouldalsohavecredibility,thatis,theycanprovidethequalificationstoparticipateinmarketactivities.
Workers
Workersrefertocitizenswhoarecapableofworkingwithinthelegalworkingagerange.
Consumers
Consumersrefertopeoplewhopurchasegoodsorreceiveservicesfornon-profitpurposes.
Consumersarepeoplewhobuygoodsorreceiveservices.Thatistosay,consumersmaybeindividualswhopurchasegoodsinperson,orpeoplewhouseandconsumegoodspurchasedbyothers;theymayalsobethosewhoreceiveservicesinrelevantservicecontracts(suchashotels,transportation,hotels,food,labor,etc.).Apartytothisservice)mayalsobeanon-contractualpartyreceivingtheservice.Butitmustbepointedoutthatconsumersarenotcompletelyequivalenttobuyers.
Whenconsumersbuygoodsorreceiveservices,theyarenotforprofit.Consumersbuyinggoodsorreceivingservicesarenotforthepurposeoftransferringthesegoodstoothersforprofit.Consumersbuyingandusinggoodsorreceivingservicesaremainlyusedforpersonalandfamilyconsumption.
Enterprises
Enterprisesarethemostimportantmarketentities
Beneficiaries
Thebeneficiariesarethroughinvestment,management,labor,consumption,Andcorporatedividendstogetdueremuneration.
Position
Themarketeconomyisamainstayeconomy,butthemainbodyhereincludesboththegovernmentandtheenterprise(becausetheindividualisembracedbyandembodiedbytheenterprise,theenterpriseisthedifferenceSincethegovernmentisthemostimportantmarketentity,individualsarealsoenterpriseshere).Therefore,thereisanimportantquestionhere,thatis,amongmarketentities,whethertheeconomicmanagemententityisbasedonthemarketentity.
Theeconomicmanagementsubjectstandardorthemarketsubjectstandardreflectsthedifferentguidingideologiesforthechoiceofeconomicsystem.
Themainbodyofeconomicmanagementmeans:Themainbodyofeconomicmanagementisinthedecision-makingcenterandcommandcenteroftheentiresocialeconomy.Thegovernmentisthemostimportantconfiguratorofsocialresources,andthegovernmentisthecommanderoftheenterprise.Themainbodyofthemarketisinasecondaryorevendominatedposition,withlittleornoautonomy,butafaithfulexecutorofgovernmentintentionsandastrictexecutorofgovernmentpolicies.Theeconomicsystemselectedwiththesubjectofeconomicmanagementastheguidingideologyistheeconomicsystemgovernedbythegovernment.
Inhistory,theeconomicsystemgovernedbythegovernmenthasindeedplayedahugehistoricalrole.Forexample,intheperiodofprimitiveaccumulationofcapital,ifitisnotgovernment-basedandnotgovernedbythegovernment,thenitcannotaccumulateprimitivecapitalsoquicklyandsmoothly.,Andpromotethetransformationofthefeudalmodeofproductiontothecapitalistmodeofproduction,andthetrueestablishmentofthecapitalistmodeofproduction.Ifthegovernmentdoesnotinducedevelopment,theremayneverbedevelopmentthere.
Themarketsubjectstandardmeans:Themarketsubjectisatthecenterofthesocialeconomy.Themarketsubjectisthefundamentaldrivingforceforsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Itisthemainallocatorofsocialresources.Itisnotthatthemarketsubjectissubordinatetothegovernmentbutthatthemarketsubjectisindependentofthegovernment.Itisnotthecentralizationofpowerbutthedecentralizationofthemarketsubject.Itisnotthemarketsubjectthatobeysthegovernmentbutthegovernmentservesthemarketsubject.Themostimportantandappropriatesubjectoftheeconomy.
Ofcourse,beingmarket-orientedisnotwithoutgovernment,butitrequiresgovernmentinterventiontobereducedtothemostappropriatelimit,andthemostappropriatelimitofgovernmentinterventionmustalsobecarriedoutappropriatelyinaccordancewiththelaw,justlikeacaringforplantsOfgardenerscreatethemostsuitableconditionsforplantgrowth,andcreateafavorableexternalenvironmentforthedevelopmentofmarketentities.Thegovernmentmanagesthemainbodyofthemarket,whetherthemainbodyofthemarketbecomesthemainbodyofthemarketoritsownappendageisthefundamentalandspecificcriteriontomeasurethesuccessorfailureofgovernmentmanagement.Toexcludemarketentitiesasthestandard,thegovernmentistoreplacetheblister.Theeconomicsystemselectedwiththemarketsubjectstandardastheguidingideologyisaneconomicsystemgovernedbythemarket,thatis,amarketeconomicsystem.Onlybytakingthemarketasthemainbodycanwemakethebestuseofallkindsofknowledgescatteredinthesociety,canmobilizetheinitiative,enthusiasmandcreativityofthemostpeopleinthemostextensiveway,makefulluseofthemarket,andcarryoutfreedommosteffectively.Competitionisthemosteffectivewaytorestrainillegalgovernmentintervention,andtomostfundamentallyestablishthemarketsubjectstatusofthemarketsubject.
Practicehasprovedthatonlybytakingthemarketsubjectasthebase,allforthemarketsubject,andallrelyingonthemarketsubject,canthesocialeconomydevelop.Astrongmarketsubjectisastrongeconomyandastrongcountry.ItisinthissensethatformerUSPresidentCoolidgeclearlystated:"ThebusinessoftheUnitedStatesisthesubjectofthemarket."Inthisregard,wecangoontosaythatChina'sbusinessisalsoamarket.Themainbody,oreventosay,allthedevelopmentofthesocialeconomyisamarketmainbody.
Features
One:Economical.Themainbodyofthemarketshouldbeabasicsocialeconomicunitwithacertainamountofproductionmaterialsandlabor,engagedincommoditybusinessactivities,andindependentaccounting.
Two:Independence.Marketentitiesshouldhaveindependenteconomicinterestsandparticipateinmarketeconomicactivitiesindependently.
Three:Equality.Inthemarket,anyeconomicorganizationalsoparticipatesinsocialandeconomicactivitieswithanequalstatus,andparticipatesinmarketcompetitionunderthesameconditions.Noorganizationorindividualshouldhaveanyprivilegesinengagingincommodityexchangeactivities.
RegistrationManagement
OnApril14,2021,PremierLiKeqiangpresidedovertheStateCouncilexecutivemeetingandpassedthe"RegulationsofthePeople’sRepublicofMarketplayersandthepromotionoffaircompetitionprovidelegalguarantees.(Fordetails,see:)
AnnouncementofRegulations
InAugust2021,PremierLiKeqiangsignedtheStateCouncilOrdertopromulgatethe"RegulationsontheRegistrationandManagementofMarketEntitiesofthePeople'sRepublicofChina"fromMarch2022Itwillbeimplementedonthe1st.