Introduction
linear - functional organizational structure is called "U-type organization" or "simple structure" or "single function type Structural "Unit Structure" (Unity Structure). This organizational structure is very effective with respect to the product of the product, the sales volume, and the small decision-making information are very effective.
In the early 20th century (and before this), the main feature of economic growth is the labor division, which inspires the production of functional structures. American Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. has become the first $ 1 billion in 1901 in this way. US Standard Oil Company is also a pioneer with a straight-line-functional structure. This organizational structure is also applied in the Ford era, which makes Ford to develop flow-up operations, so that the automotive industry is scale and drives economic success.
Main features
In this structure, in addition to the straight line staff, it is also necessary to provide services for staff - they work with the straight line staff. The straight-line staff directly participated in the implementation of the organizational goals; and the functional staff is indirectly involved, and they provide services to the organization's goals. For productive companies, there are two main objectives: production and sales. As a direct participant of organizational goals, production and market staff constitute a straight line personnel. One way to distinguish between the organization is a way to work in line staff and functional staff is based on the organization's goals, and they will contribute to them. In an organization, personnel, engineering, research and development, regulations, finance and public relations departments are often considered a functional staff. Although these sectors across the organization are functional departments. The plan, program, and related instructions developed by the functional staff departments, from the direct line supervisor approval; the functional department staff only starts the business guidance and does not have the right to order the command. Therefore, the service of staff staff is inherently suggested, and they cannot exercise their powers against line staff. For example, the personnel managers can only recommend new employees to the production sector, and he has no power to force the production manager to accept his suggestions. At the highest level of organizational, functional staff participated in decision-making. In addition to these special function staff, there are also service staff in tissues, including office staff, quick-name, maintenance personnel, and other similar people.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
It is fast, flexible, and maintains low cost and clear responsibility. Straight-functional organizational structure has superiority than linear organizational structures. It maintains both the advantages of unified command of the linear structure, and absorbed the fineness of the functional structure, focusing on the strengths of professional management, helping to improve the efficiency of management work.
Disadvantages
Linear - The inherent defects of functional organizational structure are as follows: (1) A typical "setright" structure, power is concentrated in the highest management, the lower level lacks necessary Self-sovereign;
(2) The horizontal links between the functional departments are poor, and it is easy to generate out of stamping and contradictions;
(3) straight line - functional organizational structure is established in height Based on "Split Split", it is easy to have contradictions between all functional departments and linear departments. Especially for matters that require multi-sectoral cooperation, it is often difficult to determine the property of responsibility;
(4) The information transfer route is long, the feedback is slow, and it is difficult to adapt to the environment.
Linear - Functional Organizational Structure The problems exist are often disputes in power, leading to the friction of line staff and function staff. In order to avoid the friction of these two types of people, management should clarify their respective roles, encourage linear personnel to reasonably use the services provided by functional staff.
Application
In the newspaper of the straight-line functional organization structure, its management has a strong color, all decisions are appointed by the highest decision maker, the secretary office. The editorial department is the work of each editorial department and the administrative department; and the various functional departments correspond to the propaganda needs of the party and the government, such as the main editorial room, the Ministry of Art, the Department, the Advertising Department, etc., usually also set up The Secretariat coordinates the relationship between the department. History Master Fremont? E. Castecity believes that "the environment is relatively stable; the target is clear and lasting; the technology is relatively unified; the decision can be programmed." Taking the tissue structure using linear functions. This theory can be very good to confirm the choice of organizational structure of my country's media industry. At this stage, the media is a single media pattern, the self-operation of the media, the self-restraint system is not established, the media cost is mainly relying on the government financial allocation at all levels. The system has determined that the media industry exists as the party and the government's "mouthpiece". There is basically no competitive crisis. The media market enters the barrier. It is very clear, and the organizational goals are also very clear and single, mainly based on social efficiency, do the party. Promotion work.
With the in-depth of reform and market economy, the internal and external environments of the media industry have undergone fundamental changes, and the media will begin to conduct multi-operative operations. So single, the organizational structure of the concentration hinders the media industry. Development, so some media seek change and select the organization structure of the career system. The career system is increasingly increasingly complicated in accordance with the expansion of the scale of the enterprise. The organization structure of the career system is a tissue structure characterized by the entreprection between enterprise headquarters and middle managers. The key to implementing this structure is to divide the company into a number of relatively independent divisions, making it an independent accounting center. Headquarters performs strategic decision-making and the business unit for operational decisions. In 1996, the Harbin Daily Newspaper established a group, governing the five newspapers, and actively carried out a diversified operation, nearly 20 enterprises, involving electricity measuring tables, hoping, taxi, computer, computer plane design, import and export Such a variety of fields. Each division must be able to move, flexibly, the development of the market environment is suitable for the development of such newspaper groups.
Related Differences
Regional Structure (Figure) provides more control over functional structures because many regional hierarchies have been performed by a single set of hierarchy. work. Large trafficking organizations, such as Neinanmarcus, DillardDepartmentStores and Walmart, and quickly transform into geographic structures after they start building a national store, because such structures are handled under different areas (such as wearing coats in southwest) Different needs. At the same time, because of the function of procurement, the central organization can be purchased for all regions. Such a company can reach the scale economy on the procurement and distribution, and reduce the problem of coordination and communication. The advantages of this structure are strong flexibility and can adapt to competition in various regions, thereby enabling various profit centers to develop effective coordination in marketing, financial and production activities in various regions. The disadvantage of this structure is reflected in the difficulties in maintaining the consistency of the entire enterprise, requires more cost consumption caused by the management, and the repetitive settings of certain functions, resulting in huge waste of expenses.
Mechanical organization is the product of traditional design principles, which has strict structural hierarchical and fixed responsibilities, emphasizing the high degree of normalization, formal communication channels, decision-making forms. It is divided by different design principles, and the other is organic organization. Mechanical organization is a stable, stiff structure form, and the main goal of pursuing is to stabilize efficiency. Mechanical organization pays attention to the high degree of labor division and function division of tasks, and selects the qualified personnel who meet the requirements of the position of the position of the position of the job in accordance with the objective affected personnel, and the professionalization work after division of labor is strictly controlled. There are also many programs, rules, and standards. Personality differences and human judgments are reduced to minimal, advocating stability and predictability, rules, and organizational structural characteristics of tissue structures, tissue structure characteristics.