Basicinformation
[Titles]Laws
[Pinyin]guīlǜ
[Keyboard]guilv
[Zhuyin]ㄍㄨㄟㄌㄩˋ
Basicexplanation
(1)[law;regularpattern]:Theinevitable,essential,stableandrecurringrelationshipbetweenthephenomenaofnatureandsociety.
Thissentencenotonlyspeaksaruleintheclimate,butalsoaphilosophyinhumanlife.——"AutumnColorFu"
(2)[rhythmical]:rhythmic;notmessy.
Thewindblowstheleaves,makingaregularrustlingsound.
Theinherentinevitableconnectionbetweenthingsdeterminestheinevitabletrendofthedevelopmentofthings.
Citationexplanation
1.Rulesandregulations.
TaipingHeavenlyKingdomHongRengan’s"Autobiography":"Strictlyobservethelawsofheaven,anddarenotcommitanycrimes."LuXun’s"LaceLiterature·Recalling":"Themoreinferior,themorethemaster’sloveandcompassion,soIftheWestCubfights,theWestCubwillbereprimanded,andthePingRenwillbeblamed.TheConcessiondoesnotprohibitharshtreatmentoftheChinese.Itispreciselybecauseweshouldhaveourownstrength,ourownability,andthebestofchickensandducks.Thereasonisnotthesame."
2.Theinherentinevitableconnectionbetweenthingsdeterminestheinevitabletrendofthedevelopmentofthings.Lawsexistobjectivelyandarealsocalledlaws.
MaoZedong's"OntheCorrectHandlingofContradictionsamongthePeople"1:"Marxistphilosophybelievesthatthelawoftheunityofoppositesisthefundamentallawoftheuniverse."ChapterIVofthesixthbookofWeiWei's"Oriental":"ButThecontestofwarhasitsownlaws."
3.Itissaidthatthereareneatandregular.
BaJin's"Autumn"6:"Thelaughtergraduallyfades,andthereareregularpaddlesandwhisperingsoundsofwaterinhisears."ZhouErfu"DoctorBethune"1:"Thegreenspearinthehandoftheself-defenseteamlookslikearegularrowofverdantwoodsonthesideoftheavenue,standingdazzlinglyintheseverecold."
Philosophicalmeaning
Definition
Lawisalsocalledlaw.Theessentialconnectioninthedevelopmentofobjectivethingshasauniversalform.Lawandessenceareconceptsofthesamedegree.Theybothrefertotheinherentaspectsofthingsthemselves,whicharehiddenbehindthephenomenonanddetermineordominatethephenomenon.However,essencereferstotheinternalrelationsofthings,whichareconstitutedbytheinternalcontradictionsofthings,whilethelawreferstotheessentialrelationsofthesamekindofphenomenaorthestableconnectionsbetweentheessencesintermsofthedevelopmentprocessofthings.Itisaworldofever-changingphenomena.Therelativelystaticcontent.Thelawworksrepeatedly.Aslongasthenecessaryconditionsaremet,thephenomenathatconformtothelawwillinevitablyappearrepeatedly.
Thingsandphenomenaintheworldareverydifferent,andtheyallhavetheirowndifferentlaws.Thebasiccontentcanbedividedintonaturallaws,sociallawsandthinkinglaws.Naturallawsandsociallawsarethelawsoftheobjectivematerialworld,andtheirmanifestationsaredifferent:naturallawsaremanifestedintheinteractionofvariousunconsciousandblinddynamicsinnature;sociallawsmustpassthroughpeople’sConsciousactivitymanifested.Thelawofthinkingisthereflectionofhumansubjectivethinkingformtotheobjectivelawofthematerialworld.
Features
1.Inevitability
Inthedevelopmentprocessofthings,someconnectionsarecertainconnectionsthatmustoccurinevitably.Someconnectionsareconnectionsthatmayormaynotappear,andaccidentalanduncertainconnectionsthatmayormaynotappear.Thelawistheinevitableconnectionofthings,nottheaccidentalconnection.Onlytheunalterableandinevitableconnectioninthechangeanddevelopmentofthingscanbecomealaw.Thelawistheessentialconnection,notthephenomenonconnection.Thelawanditsphenomenonarecloselyrelated.Thelawisthestableandprofoundthinginthephenomenon,whichisdeeplyhiddenintheinsideofthings;thephenomenonistheexternalmanifestationofthelaw,andthelawmustbeexpressedthroughthephenomenon,andthephenomenonandthelawareunifiedinAmongsimilarthings.Phenomenonistheguideforpeopletounderstandthelaw,andonlywhenpeopleunderstandthephenomenon,cantheyrevealthelawwiththehelpofabstractthinking.Onereferstotheinevitabilityoftheexistence,actionandconsequencesofthelaw.Forexample,onceanysuspendedobjectlosesitssupportingpower,itmustmovetothegroundwiththesameacceleration(9.8m/s2)Fallingisdeterminedbythenatureofgravitybetweenmassobjects.Therepeatedappearanceofthetwo-fingerlaw,thatis,nomatterwhenandwhere,aslongastheobjectiveconditionsforthelawtotakeeffectdonotchange,aslongastheessentialreasonthatdeterminesthelawdoesnotdisappear,thelawwillinevitablyreappearandtakeeffect.Forexample,theproductionrelationshipmustadapt.Thedevelopmentofproductivity.Thethirdreferstotheinevitableverticalandhorizontalconnectionbetweenthings,suchasthedevelopmentandchangeofonethingwillinevitablycausethechangeofthecorrespondingthing.
2.Universal
Nature,humansocietyandhumanthinkingfollowtheirinherentlawsintheprocessoftheirmovement,changeanddevelopment.Thereisnomattermovementwithoutlaw,andtheworldwithoutlawisincredible.Leninsaidinthe"PhilosophicalNotes"that"lawsarethesamethinginthephenomenon."Ithasauniversaldominanceonthingsandphenomenaofthesamenature,suchasmetabolismandthechangeofthefourseasons.Itappliestoallstages,societies,fields,andlevels.Wait.
3.Objectivity
Lawsareobjectiveandcanneitherbecreatednordestroyed;nomatterwhetherpeopleadmititornot,lawsarealwaysbasedontheirironTheinevitabilityplaysarole.Idealismeitherdeniestheexistenceoflaws,ordescribeslawsastheproductofconsciousnessphenomenasuchas"absolutespirit"andindividualsubjectivewillinonewayoranother,andevenbelievesthatlawsareimposedonnaturebyman.Denyingthatthedevelopmentofhumansocietyhasobjectivelawsisoneofthefundamentalcharacteristicsoftheidealisticviewofhistory,anditisalsoafundamentalflawsharedbyallideologicalsystemsbeforetheemergenceofMarxism.MarxandEngelscreatedthehistoricalmaterialismanddiscoveredthegenerallawofthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Itisonlyforthefirsttimethatpeopletrulyrealizethathumansociety,likethenaturalworld,movesanddevelopsinaccordancewithitsowninherentobjectivelaws.Thelawsofnaturalscienceandsocialscienceareboththereflectionoftheobjectivelawsofthedevelopmentprocessofobjectivethings.Oneisthattheexistenceoflawsisnotshiftedbyhumansubjectivewill.Nomatterwhetherpeoplerecognizeitorlikeit,itexistsobjectively.Thesecondreferstowhetherthelawworks,anditisnotsubjecttopeople'ssubjectivewill.Thekeytowhetherthelawworksornotiswhethertheconditionsforthelawtoworkexist.Whentheconditionsforthelawtowork,thelawmustwork.Whentheconditionsforthelawtoworkdonotexist,thelawdoesnotwork.
Leninsaid:"Thelawisthelastingthinginthephenomenon."Boththenaturalworldandthehumansocietynotonlymoveforwardaccordingtotheirowninherentlaws,butalsothelawsrunthroughthedevelopmentprocessofthings.Thisisthecaseatthebeginning,theprocessisso,anditwillbesointhefuture.
Accordingtothegeneralprinciplesofthelawsexpoundedbythematerialistphilosophy,wecanhaveaclearerunderstandingofthelawsofeducation.
4.Eternity
Accordingtothelawisthesamethinginthephenomenon,thentheeducationlawisthesamethinginthemanykindsofeducationalphenomena.Therearethousandsofeducationalphenomena,andthetypesandformsofeducationarediverse.Butwhetherit’selementaryeducation,middleschooleducation,universityeducation,familyeducation,schooleducation,socialeducation,orin-classeducation,extra-curriculareducation,teameducation,etc.,althoughthespecificformsaredifferent,theycontainthesameanduniversalthings.Thereisonlyone,thatis,itisatooltopromoteindividualphysicalandmentaldevelopment.Thissamethingistheregularthingineducation.
Accordingtothelaw,itisthethingthatisconsolidatedinthephenomenon,andthelawofeducationisalsothethingthatisconsolidatedandstableinthephenomenonofeducation.Throughouttheages,educationhasbeenconstantlychanginganddeveloping.Therearemanydifferencesineducationatvarioushistoricalstages.Thereasonwhyanysocietyneedseducationisbecauseeducationisanimportantmeansforallsocietiestoreproducesocialmaterialwealthandhumansthemselves.Thisisthesamefoundationwithcommoncharacteristicsthateducationhaspreservedinallhistoricaltimes.
Accordingtothelawistherelationship,theessentialrelationshiportherelationshipbetweentheessence,theeducationlawistheessentialconnectionorrelationshipbetweentheeducationalphenomenonandothersocialphenomena.Therearemanysuchrelationshipsineducation,suchasproductivitydevelopmentandeducationaldevelopment,socialdevelopmentneedsandeducationalstructure,andsoon.Ofcourse,notallrelationshipsarelaws,onlytheessentialrelationshipsamongvariousphenomenaarelaws.Athinghasmultipleattributes,andonlytheconnectionbetweentheessentialattributesisthelaw.
Relations
1.Lawsaretheessentialconnectionsinherentinthemovementofthings.Thecommoncharacteristicsoflaws:anylawisaninherentconnectioninthemovementprocessofthings;anylawisanessentialconnectioninthemovementofthings;anylawisaninevitableconnectioninthemovementofthings.
2.Idealistviewsonlaws:oneisthatlawsareaddedtothingsbytheobjectivespirit,andlawsareonlysynonymouswithdestinyanddivinewill;theotheristhatlawsaretheproductofhumansubjectivespirit,Humanreasonmakeslawsforthenaturalworld.
3.Thedifferenceandconnectionbetweenlawsandrules:Rulesaresystemsorregulationsstipulatedbypeopleforeveryonetoabideby.Lawsaretheinevitableconnectionoftheinherentnatureofthemovementofthings.Thetwoaredifferentinnature.Rulesareformulatedbypeopleandcanbemodified,supplementedorabolished.Theyaresubjective;lawscannotbemodified,supplementedorabolished,theyareobjective.Therefore,thetwomustnotbeconfused.Ofcourse,lawsandrulesarenotcompletelyrelated.Acorrectandreasonableruleisalwaysspecifiedinaccordancewithobjectivelawsandisareflectionofobjectivelaws.
3.Theperformanceoftheobjectivityofthelaw:thelawisobjective,whichmeansthatitsexistenceandeffectarenottransferredbyhumanwill;thelawisobjective,anditalsomeansthatthelawcannotbecreated.Norcanitbeeliminated;thelawisobjective,concentratedinitsirresistibility.Thelawsareobjective,whichdoesnotmeanthatpeoplearepowerlessinthefaceofobjectivelaws.Peoplecanunderstandthelawsandcanusethem.
4.Actingaccordingtothelawmeansseekingtruthfromfacts.ThisisthebasicviewpointofMarxistphilosophy.Seektruthfromfacts,startfromfacts,focusonwhatisright,andstrivehard.Seekingtruthfromfactsisnotonlythescientificattitude,workingmethods,andfinetraditionsofourparty,butalsothefoundation,essence,startingpoint,andfundamentalpointofMarxism,MaoZedongThought,andthetheoryofdemocracy.
5.Factsareallthingsthatexistobjectively.Theyaretheinternalrelationsofobjectivethings,thatis,regularity.Weshouldstudythem.EmancipatingthemindreferstobreakingtheshacklesofhabitualforcesandsubjectiveprejudiceundertheguidanceofMarxism,studyingnewsituations,andsolvingnewproblems.Itistheconformityofthoughtwithreality,anditistheconformityofsubjectiveandobjective.Onlybyemancipatingthemindcanweachieveseekingtruthfromfacts;onlybyseekingtruthfromfactscanwetrulyemancipatethemind.Emancipatingthemindandseekingtruthfromfactsareunified.
Actually,thelaw,toputitplainly,isaconclusionorajudgmentorapropositionthatisapplicableintwoormoreplaces.
Newandoldthings
Thefundamentalcriterionforthealternationofnewandoldthingsistoseewhetheritconformstoobjectivelaws,whetherithasstrongvitalityandagreatfuturefordevelopment.Newthingsarealwaysweakerwhentheyfirstappear,whileoldthingsarestronger.Temporarilyweaknewthingswillinevitablydefeattheseeminglystrongoldthings,whichisdeterminedbythedialecticalnatureofthedevelopmentofthings.
First,newthingsconformtotheinevitabletrendofthedevelopmentofthings,havestrongvitalityandbroadprospectsfordevelopment.
Second,thenewissuperiortotheold.Thenewthingsareproducedinthewomboftheoldthings.Itovercomesallthenegativeanddecadentthingsintheoldthings,absorbsallthepositiveandreasonablefactorsintheoldthings,andaddsvitalitythattheoldthingscannotcontain.Newcontent.Therefore,newthingshaveincomparableadvantagesoveroldthings.
Thirdly,inthesocialfield,newthingsconformtothefundamentalinterestsandrequirementsofthepeople,andthusgetthesupportandsupportofthebroadmassesofpeople,sotheywillinevitablydefeattheoldthings.Theprocessinwhichnewthingsconstantlyovercomeandreplaceoldthingsistheprocessofcontinuousdevelopmentandadvancementofthingsfromsimpletocomplex,fromlow-leveltohigh-level.
Practicalactivities
Peoplearenotcompletelypassiveinthefaceofobjectivelaws.Inpractice,peoplecanunderstandordiscoverobjectivelawsthroughalargenumberofexternalphenomena,andusethisunderstandingGuidingpracticeistoapplyobjectivelawstotransformnature,transformsociety,andworkforthewelfareofsociety.Peoplecanunderstandthelaws.Forexample,throughabstractthinking,peoplediscoverthatthecomplexchemicalelementsintheobjectiveworldareregular,andthusdiscovertheirchangingperiodiclaw;peoplealsouseabstractthinkingtodiscoverthelawofvaluefromthedazzlingcommodityexchange.;Marxconductedanabstractanalysisofalargenumberofcomplexsocialphenomenaandrealizedthatproductionrelationsmustadapttothedevelopmentofproductiveforcesisthefundamentallawthatpromotesthedevelopmentofhumansociety.Peopleareabletousethelaw.Therearehistoricalallusionsof"grassboatsborrowingarrows"and"paddingoxen",aswellasthepioneeringworkoftheancientsinbuildingDujiangyan,andeventhemiracleof"thespacecraftgoingtothesky"andthe"ThreeGorgesProject".Theseareallexamplesofpeopleusingthelawtobenefitmankind.People’suseofthelawisreflectedintwoaspects:①Peoplecanusetheirknowledgeofthelawtoforeseethetrendanddirectionofthedevelopmentofthings,andguidepracticalactivities,suchas"borrowinganarrowfromastrawboat","relievingthecow",predictingthereturnofcomets,Satellitesaresentintopredeterminedorbits,etc.Thesearetypicalexamplesofusingtheknowledgeofthelawtoforeseethetrendanddirectionofthedevelopmentofthings,therebyeffectivelyguidingpracticalactivitiesandachievingtheexpectedgoals.②Peoplecanusetheirknowledgeoflawstochangeorcreateconditionstolimitthescopeofdestructiveeffectsofcertainlaws,sothatpeoplewillbelessharmedorprotectedfromharm,untiltheyturnharmintoprofitandbenefitmankind,suchastheconstructionofLiBingandhisson.Dujiangyanisanoutstandingexampleofancientlaborersinourcountryusingthelawtobenefitmankind.Ifpeoplewanttoachievetheexpectedpurposeinactivities,thatis,toachievesuccess,theymustproceedfromreality,insistonseekingtruthfromfacts,recognizeandrespectobjectivelaws,andactinaccordancewithobjectivelaws,otherwisetheywillbepunishedbyobjectivelaws.Generallyspeaking,theunderstandinganduseofnaturallawsareclassless,whiletheunderstandinganduseofsociallawsaredirectlyaffectedbythefundamentalinterestsofclasses,groups,andsocialforces.Therefore,tounderstandandusesociallaws,itisoftennecessarytoovercomeresistanceandresistancefromreactionaryclasses,groups,andsocialforces,andovercomepeople'sconservativeideas.