Introduction
This book systematically describes the basic theories and technical development of broadband communication, including wide area network, local area network, asynchronous transmission mode, synchronous optical fiber network, virtual private network, switching Multi-megabit data services, etc. This book also introduces the development direction of some of the latest broadband communication technologies.
The book is clearly organized and widely used, covering various new technologies and new theories in the field of broadband communications. And give practical engineering and exercises in each part. This book can be used as a textbook for undergraduates and postgraduates majoring in information engineering and communications in universities and colleges, and it can also be used as a reference for researchers engaged in research in this field.
Contents
Part 1 Chapter 1 Enterprise Network Fundamentals 3 Introduction 31.1 Industry 41.2 Telephone Network Structure 51.3 Telecommunication Network Functions 71.4 Telecommunication Network Components 71.5 Data Communication System Components 91.6 Local Area Network, City Area Network and Wide Area Network 101.7 Internet Network 141.8 Basic Data Communication Structure 151.9 Standard 171.10 Knowledge of Data Communication Technology 18 Summary 39 Review Questions 40 Extracurricular Activities 41
Chapter 2 Wide Area Network Infrastructure 43 Introduction 432.1 Migration to Broadband System 442.2 Network structure and design 452.3 Access circuit types 452.4 Circuit switching 472.5 Packet switching 492.6 Comparison of analog and digital overview 532.7 Interface 562.8 Multiplexing 582.9 Transmission method 612.10 Communication entity 622.11 Broadband access application 692.12 Standard 702.13 Discussion and thinking 70 Summary 71 Review questions 72 Extracurricular Activities 73 Case Analysis/Project 73 Part 2 Chapter 3 Frame Relay/X.2579 Introduction 793.1 Frame Relay Technology 803.2 Comparison of Frame Relay and X.25 813.3 Frame Relay Protocol Architecture 833.4 Frame Relay Network 843.5 Frame relay's frame 853.6 throughput and capacity 863.7 frame relay composition 883.8 addressing 893.9 network interface 923.10 frame relay standard 933.11 frame relay advantages and disadvantages 953.12 frame relay application 963.13 other alternative technologies 973.14 discussion and thinking 98 Summary 99 Review Questions 100 Extracurricular Activities 101 Case Analysis/Project 102
Chapter 4 Asynchronous Transmission Mode 104 Introduction 1044.1 What is ATM1054.2 ATM Features 1064.3 ATM Cell Function 1084.4NNI, UNI, PNNI1104.5 In Hardware The exchange 1114.6 access connection 1114.7 ATM component 1124.8 ATM logical connection 1154.9 AAL service 1164.10 ATM service classification 1174.11 capacity and throughput 1204.12 ATM backbone network 1214.13 ATM equipment 1224.14 ATM standard 1234.15 ATM network management 1244.16 ATM application 1254.17 advantages and disadvantages 1274.18 ATM technology alternatives 1274.19 ATM Product and Service Providers 1284.20 Questions and Thoughts 128 Summary 129 Review Questions 130 Extracurricular Activities 131 Case Analysis/Project 132
Chapter 5 Synchronous Optical Network 134 Introduction 1345.1 SONET Infrastructure 1355.2 SONET Frame Structure 1375.3 SONET Multiplexing 1385.4 SONET component 1395.5 Synchronous payload packet 1425.6 SONET indicator 1435.7 SONET/SDH end user topology 1455.8SO NET equipment 1465.9 SONET standard 1525.10 Quality of service 1535.11 Advantages and disadvantages of SONET 1545.12 SONET applications 1545.13 SONET issues and considerations 1555.14 SONET technology selection 155 Summary 156 Review questions 156 Extracurricular activities 158 Case studies/projects 158
Chapter 6 Virtual Private Network 160 Introduction 1606.1 VPN Environment 1626.2 Virtual Network Overview 1626.3 Types of VPN 1636.4 Virtual Network Connection 1646.5 VPN Connection and Design 1686.6 VPN Hardware and Software 1706.7 VPN Implementation 1776.8 VPN Standard 1806.9 VPN Application 1806.10 Summary and Application of VPN Considerations 1816.11 Advantages and disadvantages of VPN 1816.12 Alternative products of VPN technology 184 Summary 185 Review questions 185 Extracurricular activities 187 Research cases/projects 187
Chapter 7 Optical fiber distributed data interface 189 Introduction 1897.1 FDDI technology 1907.2 FDDI topology Structure 1917.3 FDDI physical protocol 1957.4 FDDI port type 1977.5 ring connection 1987.6 FDDI structure 2007.7 FDDI frame and token format 2057.8 FDDI standard 2067.9 Comparison of FDDI\|Ⅰ and FDDI\|Ⅱ 2067.10 FDDI application 2077.11 Advantages and disadvantages of FDDI 2087.12 FDDI technology selection 208 Summary 210 Review Questions 210 Extracurricular Activities 211 Case Studies/Projects 212 Part 3 Chapter 8 Digital Subscriber Line 215 Introduction 2158.1 Old Telephone Service and Digital Subscriber Line 2168.2 DSL Technology 2178.3 Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer and Splitter Technology 2188.4 Asymmetric digital subscriber line 2208.5 High bit rate DSL2258.6 Symmetric DSL2268.7 Ultra-high data transmission rate DSL2278.8 rate adaptive DSL2278.9 DSL service selection 2288.10 Another technology choice 2298.11 Cable modem 2308.12 Cable modem technology 2318.13 Standard 2328.14DSL problems and considerations 2338.15 cable modem problems and considerations 2348.16 other technology options 2348.17 DSL advantages and disadvantages 2368.18 DSL and cable modem applications 237 summary 238 review questions 239 extracurricular activities 240 case analysis/project 240
Chapter 9 Integrated Services Digital Network/Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network 242 Introduction 2429.1 ISDN Basics 2439.2 ISDN Architecture 2459.3 ISDN Connection 2469.4 ISDN Features 2489.5 Initial Rate and Basic Rate 2509.6 Functional Group 2559.7 Reference Point 2569.8 Wiring Structure 2579.9 ISDN Frame 2599.10 Broadband ISDN Overview 2609.11 ISDN Standard 2619.12 ISDN Advantages, Benefits and Disadvantages 2639.13 ISDN Application 2649.14 ISDN Alternative Technology 2659.15 Issues to be Considered 266 Summary 266 Review Questions 267 Extracurricular Activities 269 Case Studies/Projects 269
Chapter 10 Switched Multi-Megabit Data Services and Metropolitan Area Networks 271 Introduction 27110.1 Metropolitan Area Networks 27210.2 SMDS Overview 27310.3 Service Features 27510. Chapter 11 Wireless or Personal Communication Services 297 Introduction 29711.1 Mobile Services History 29811.2 Wireless transmission 29911.3 Wireless network configuration 30011.4 Local area network 30111.5 Extended local area network 30211.6 Wireless local area network technology 30211.7 Radio technology 30411.8 Mobile phone 30511.9 Microwave technology 30611.10 Satellite transmission 30711.11 Cellular technology 30811.12 Security and confidentiality in wireless systems 31211.13 Personal communication services 31311.14 Two-way messaging 31811.15 Wireless data technology 32011.16 Satellite service 32411.17 Wireless standard 32411.18 Wireless problems and considerations 32511.19 Advantages and disadvantages of wireless technology 32611.20 Wireless technology that replaces traditional wired technology 32811.21 Wireless applications 32911.22 Product and service providers 331 Summary 331 Review questions 332 Extracurricular activities 334 Case Study/Project 335
Chapter 12 Fibre Channel 336 Introduction 33612.1 Fibre Channel Overview 33712.2 Fibre Channel Technology 33812.3 Fibre Channel Physical Medium 33912.4 Fibre Channel Characteristics 34012.5 Fibre Channel Port 34212.6 FABRICS34312.7 Fibre Channel Topology 34312.8 Fibre Channel Protocol 34612.9 Fibre Channel Service Types 34712.10 Frames, Sequences and Switching 34812.11 Fibre Channel System 34912.12 High Availability Architecture 34912.13 Fibre Channel Components 35112.14 Fibre Channel Management System 35412.15 Fibre Channel Standard 35612.16 Fibre Channel Applications 35712.17 Technical Comparison 35912.18 Advantages of Fibre Channel 35912.19 Product and Service Providers 361 Summary 361 Review Questions 362 Extracurricular Activities 363 Case Studies/Projects 364
Chapter 13 Internet/Intranet/Extranet 365 Introduction 36513.1 The History of the Internet 36613.2 Using the World Wide Web 36713.3 Internet Search tool 36813.4 Internet component 37113.5 Access and transmission 37213.6 Internet Standard 37513.7IP addressing 37613.8 Internet applications 37713.9 World Wide Web 37913.10 Enterprise Intranet Overview 38113.11 Enterprise Intranet Technology 38113.12 Firewall 38113.13 Enterprise Intranet Software 38113.14 Enterprise Extranet Environment 38213.15 Enterprise Extranet Technology 38213.16 Virtual Private Network 38313.17 Enterprise Intranet and Extranet Applications Software 38413.18 Questions to consider 38713.19 Technology choices and competition 387 Summary 388 Review questions 389 Extracurricular activities 390 Case studies/Project 391 Part 4 Chapter 14 Network management 395 Introduction 39514.1 Network management 39614.2 Network management system 39614.3 Network management activities 39714.4 Network management structure 39814.5 Public Management Information Protocol 39914.6 Simple Network Management Protocol 40114.7 Trap Protocol Data Unit 40914.8 Network Management Standard 41114.9 Network Management Support System 41214.10 Network Management Products and Services 41414.11 Remote Monitoring 414 Summary 416 Review Questions 417 Extracurricular Activities 418 Case Analysis/Project 418 p>
Chapter 15: Problem Solving and Troubleshooting 44015.8 asynchronous transmission mode 44115.9 digital subscriber line 44315.10 optical fiber distributed data interface 44615.11 optical fiber channel 44715.12 frame relay 44715.13 Internet, enterprise intranet and enterprise extranet 45015.14 integrated service digital network 45115.15 dedicated line, POTS45315.16 synchronous optical fiber network 45615.17 switched multi-megabit Bit Data Services 45615.18 Virtual Private Network 45715.19 Wireless and Personal Communication Services 457 Summary 460 Review Questions 460 Extracurricular Activities 462 Case Studies/Projects 462 Appendix AOSI Model 465 Appendix B Voice over Internet Protocol 470 Appendix C Standards and Basis 475 Appendix D Digital System 481 Appendix E Broadband Case Analysis and Planning 485 Appendix F Abbreviation 490 References and Other Resources 503 Translator Preface Ⅲ
Foreword Ⅴ
Chapter 1 Introduction to Measurement Systems Using Sensors 11.1 General Concepts And terminology 11.1.1 Measuring system 11.1.2 Transducers, sensors and actuators 21.1.3 Signal conditioning and display 31.1.4 Interface, data domain and transformation 41.2 Classification of sensors 51.3 Universal input and output configuration 91.3.1 Interference input and Adjust input 91.3.2 Compensation technology 101.4 Static characteristics of the measurement system 111.4.1 Precision, precision and sensitivity 111.4.2 Other characteristics: linearity and resolution 141.4.3. System error 151.4.4 Random error 161.5 Dynamic characteristics 181.5.1 Zero-order measurement system 191.5.2. Measurement system 191.5.3. Second-order measurement system 221.6 Other characteristics of the sensor 261.6.1 Input characteristics: Impedance 271.6.2 Reliability 281.7 Primary sensor 301.7.1 Temperature sensor: Bimetal sensor 311.7.2. Pressure sensor 321.7. 341.7.4 Liquid level sensor 411.7.5 Force and torque sensor 421.7.6 Acceleration and tilt sensor 431.7.7 Speed sensor 441.8 Material used in sensor 451.8.1 Conductor, semiconductor and dielectric 471.8.2 Magnetic material 501.9 Micro sensor process 521.9. 1 Thick film process 521.9.2. Thin film process 531.9.3. Micromachining process 54 Exercise 57 References 59 Chapter 2 Resistive sensor 612.1 Potentiometer 612.2 Strain gauge 672.2.1 Basic principles: Piezoresistive effect 672.2.2. Types and applications 712.3 Resistance temperature detector 742.4 Thermistor 792.4.1 Model 792.4.2 Type and application of the thermistor 862.4.3 Linearization 902.5 Magnetoresistor 922.6 Photoresistor (LDR) 962.7 Resistance hygrometer 1012.8 Resistance gas sensor 1032.9 Liquid Conductivity Sensor 107 Exercises 109 References 111
Chapter 3 Signal Conditioning of Resistive Sensors 1133.1 Resistance Measurement 1133.2 Voltage Divider 1183.2.1 Potentiometer 1203.2.2 Used for Thermistor 1233.2.3 Dynamic Amplifier used for measuring 1253.2.4 voltage divider 1263.3 Wheatstone bridge: balance measurement 1283.4 Wheatstone bridge: deflection measurement 1303.4.1 sensitivity and linearity 1303.4.2 analog linearization of resistance sensor bridge 1333.4.3 sensor voltage Bridge calibration and balance 1343.4.4 Difference measurement, average measurement and compensation 1353.4.5 Wheatstone bridge power supply 1393.4.6 Wheatstone bridge detection method 1423.5 Differential amplifier and instrumentation amplifier 1433.5.1 Differential Amplifier 1433.5.2 Instrumentation amplifier with two operational amplifiers 1483.5.3 Instrumentation amplifier with three operational amplifiers 1503.6 Interference 1553.6.1 Types of interference and suppression 1553.6.2 Signal circuit grounding 1583.6.3 Shielding grounding 1593.6.4 Isolation amplifier 163 Exercises 165 References 173
Chapter 4 Variable reactance sensor and magnetoelectric sensor 1744.1 Capacitive sensor 1744.1.1 Variable capacitor 1744.1.2 Differential Container 1814.2 Inductive sensor 1844.2.1 Variable reluctance sensor 1844.2.2 Eddy current sensor 1894.2.3 Linear adjustable differential transformer (LVDT) 1924.2.4 Adjustable transformer: automatic synchronizer, resolver and inductive synchronizer February 1994. 5 Magnetoelastic sensors and magnetostrictive sensors 2104.2.6 Wiegand sensors and pulsed alloy wire sensors 2134.2.7 Saturated magnetic core (flux gate) sensors 2154.2.8 Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) 2164.3 Magnetoelectric Type sensor 2184.3.1 Sensor based on Faraday's law 2184.3.2 Hall type sensor 223 Exercises 227 References 229
Chapter 5 Signal conditioning of variable reactance sensors 2325.1 Problems and solutions 2325.2 AC bridge 2365.2. 1 Sensitivity and linearity 2365.2.2 Analog linearization of capacitive bridges 2395.2.3 AC amplifier and power supply decoupling 2405.2.4 Electrostatic shielding and active shielding 2455.2.5 AC/DC signal converter 2475.3 Carrier amplifier and coherent detection 2515.3.1 The working principle and structure of the carrier amplifier 2515.3.2 Phase sensitive detector 2575.3.3 Application in linear adjustable differential transformer 2615.4 Special signal conditioner for capacitive sensors 2635.5 Resolver, digital converter and digital resolver Converter 2665.5.1 Automatic synchronizer? Resolver converter 2665.5.2 Digital? Resolver converter 2695.5.3 Resolver? Digital converter 270 Exercises 271 References 275
Chapter 6 Active sensors 2776.1 Thermoelectric sensor: Thermocouple 2776.1.1 Reversible thermoelectric effect 2776.1.2 Commonly used thermocouple 2816.1.3 Practical thermocouple law 2846.1.4 Cold junction compensation in thermocouple circuit 2876.2 Piezoelectric sensor 2906.2.1 Piezoelectric Effect 2906.2.2 Piezoelectric material 2936.2.3 Application 2946.3 Pyroelectric sensor 3006.3.1 Thermoelectric effect 3006.3.2 Thermoelectric material 3026.3.3 Radiation law: Planck's law, Wien's law and Stefan Boltzmann's law 3026. .4 Application 3046.4 Photoelectric sensor 3066.4.1 Photoelectric effect 3066.4.2 Materials and applications 3076.5 Electrochemical sensor 308 Exercises 311 References 314
Chapter 7 Signal conditioning of active sensors 3167.1 Chopper amplifier and low Drift amplifier 3167.1.1 Offset and drift in operational amplifier 3167.1.2 Chopper amplifier 3227.1.3 Auto-zero amplifier 3237.1.4 Combination amplifier 3257.1.5 Offset and drift of instrumentation amplifier 3267.2 Electrometer amplifier and transimpedance amplifier 3277.2. 1 Transimpedance amplifier 3287.2.2 Current measurement by integration 3317.2.3 Precautions when designing electrometer circuits 3327.3 Charge amplifier 3337.4 Amplifier noise 3387.4.1 Basic knowledge of noise 3397.4.2 Operational amplifier noise 34274.3 Transimpedance amplifier The noise 3497.4.4 The noise of the charge amplifier 3507.4.5 The noise of the instrumentation amplifier 3527.5 The noise and drift of the resistor 3547.5.1 The drift of the fixed resistor 3547.5.2 The drift of the adjustable resistor (potentiometer) 3567.5.3 of the resistor Noise 357 Exercises 358 References 363
Chapter 8 Digital Sensors and Smart Sensors 3658.1 Position Encoder 3658.1.1 Incremental Position Encoder 3658.1.2 Absolute Position Encoder 3728.2 Resonant Sensor 3768.2.1 Based on Quartz resonator sensor 3778.2.2 Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor 3828.2.3 Vibrating wire strain gauge 3838.2.4 Vibrating cylinder sensor 3848.2.5 Digital flow meter 3858.3 Variable oscillator 3878.3.1 Sinusoidal oscillator 3888.3.2 Relaxation Oscillator 3898.3.3 Variable CMOS Oscillator 3918.3.4 Linearity of Variable Oscillator 3938.4 Transform into Frequency, Period or Duration 3958.4.1 Voltage, Frequency Transformation 3958.4.2 Detection Quantity, Frequency Direct Transformation 3978.4.3 Detection Quantity The duration is directly converted to the 4008.5 sensor. The microcontroller is directly connected to 4028.5.1 Frequency measurement 4028.5.2 Period and time interval measurement 4048.5.3 Calculation and compensation 4078.5.4 Speed measurement-Digital tachometer 4088.6 sensor communication system 4098.6. 1 Current telemetry: 4mA~20mA current loop 4118.6.2 Simultaneous analog and digital communication 4128.6.3 Sensor bus: Fieldbus 4138.7 Smart sensor 415 Exercises 417 References 420
Chapter 9 Other detection methods 4229.1 Sensors based on semiconductor junctions 4229.1.1 Thermometers based on semiconductor junctions 4229.1.2 Magneto-sensitive diodes and magneto-sensitive transistors 4289.1.3 Photodiodes 4289.1.4 Position sensitive detectors (PSD) 4369.1.5 Phototransistors 4379.1.6 Semiconductor nodule radiation Detector 4389.2 MOSFET-based sensor 4409.3 Charge-coupled sensor and CMOS image sensor 4429.3.1 Working principle 4429.3.2 Types and applications of CCD and CMOS image sensors 4469.4 Optical fiber sensor 4499.4.1 Basic knowledge of optical fiber 4499.4.2 Optical fiber sensor technology and application 4509.5 Ultrasonic Sensor 4549.5.1 Ultrasonic Sensor Base Basic knowledge 4549.5.2 Ultrasonic-based detection methods and applications 4569.6 Biosensors 458 Exercises 460 References 463
Exercises answers 465