Introductiontoknowledgestructure
Dr.LiZhengdaosaid:"Iamstudyingphysics,butIdon’treadphysicsbooksexclusively.Ialsoliketoreadallkindsofbooks.Peoplethink:whenIwasyoungReadmoremiscellaneousbooks,andyourmindwillbemoreflexible."Collegestudentsmustestablishaknowledgestructuretopreventsingleswithnarrowknowledge.Ofcourse,theestablishmentofareasonableknowledgestructureisacomplexandlong-termprocess,andthefollowingprinciplesmustbepaidattentionto:(1)Theprincipleofintegrity,thatis,expertiseandknowledge,oneexpertiseandmultiplecommunications,andawiderangeofsourcesformyuse.
(2)Theprincipleofhierarchy,thatis,theestablishmentofareasonableknowledgestructuremustbefromlowtohigh.Intheverticalconnection,thebasiclevel,themiddlelevelandthehighestlevelaredivided.Itwillbecomeacastleinthesky,withoutahighlevel,itwillnotshowthelevel.Therefore,nolevelcanbeignored.
(3)Proportionality,thatis,areasonableratiobetweenquantityandqualityofvariousknowledgewhenconsideringtheoverallsituation.Theprincipleofproportionalityshouldbesetaccordingtothetrainingobjectives,andthecompositionofknowledgestructureisdifferentfordifferentdirectionsoftalent.
(4)Theprincipleofdynamics,thatis,theknowledgestructurepursuedshouldneverbeinarigidstate,butmustbeadynamicstructurecapableofcontinuousself-regulation.Thisistomeettheneedsoffactorssuchasupdatingknowledgeoftechnologicaldevelopment,researchingandexploringnewtopicsandfields,careerandjobchanges,orfailingtokeepupwiththerapiddevelopmentofthetimes.
Structuralmodel
Thegrowthoftalentsisinseparablefromeducation.Educationisthebasisforsuccessandanimportantwaytoestablishamodernknowledgestructure.Fromtheperspectiveofthelawoftalentgrowth,highereducationishumanThebestcompletionoftheorganiccombinationoftheinnatequalitiesandacquiredtalents.Today’sacademiahasmainlyproposedthreemodelsfortheknowledgestructureoftalents:
Pagoda-typeknowledgestructure
Thiskindofknowledgestructureisshapedlikeapagoda,includingbasictheoreticalknowledge;professionalbasicknowledge;Professionalknowledge;Subjectknowledge;Thecompositionoffrontierknowledgeofsubject.Thebasictheoryandbasicknowledgeareatthebottomofthepagoda,andthefrontierknowledgeofthesubjectisatthetopofthepeaktower.Thiskindofknowledgestructureischaracterizedbyemphasizingthebasictheories,themagnanimityandsolidityofbasicknowledge,andthedepthofprofessionalknowledge.Itiseasytoconcentratetheknowledgepossessedonthemaintarget,whichisconducivetoquicklyconnectingtothefrontierofthesubject.Nowadays,Chineseschoolsmostlycultivatetalentswithsuchknowledgestructure.
Spider-web-typeknowledgestructure
Thespider-web-typeknowledgestructureiscenteredontheprofessionalknowledgelearned,andtheknowledgethatissimilartoothermajorsandhasgreaterinteractionisusedasaweb.Connected,shapedlikeaspiderweb.Thiskindofknowledgestructureisbasedonone'sownprofessionalknowledgeasa"centralpoint",andothersimilarandmoreeffectiveknowledgeareconnectedwitheachotherasthe"knot"ofthenetwork,formingamoreadaptableandcapableofconnectingwitheachother.Aknowledgenetworkgallopingleftandrightwithinthescope.Thecharacteristicofthiskindofspiderwebknowledgestructureis:theunityofknowledgebreadthanddepth,thiskindoftalentknowledgestructurepresentsacompositestate.Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocialproduction,talentswiththisknowledgestructureareverypopularwithsocialemployers,andforeign-fundedinstitutionsenteringChinapayspecialattentiontosuchtalents.Forexample,whenforeign-fundedinstitutionsintheBeijingEconomicandTechnologicalDevelopmentZonearerecruitingtalents,somehaveproposedtorequireallkindsofcompoundtalents.ThoseengagedintrademusthavebasicknowledgeofMoscow,andthosewhostudyengineeringmusthavealevelofEnglishproficiency.
Curtain-typeknowledgestructure
Thiskindofknowledgestructurereferstoaspecificsocialorganizationthathasageneralrequirementontheknowledgestructureofitsmembers,andasanindividualoftheorganizationMemberswillhavesomedifferencesintheknowledgestructureaccordingtotheirlevelintheorganization.Takinganenterpriseasanexample,theoverallknowledgestructureofitsmembersrequiresknowledgeofaccounting,security,commerce,insurance,andmanagement.Forindividualsatdifferentlevelsintheenterprise,theproportionsoftheaboveknowledgerequiredtomasterarecompletelydifferent,thusformingtheirowndifferentknowledgestructures.Thiskindofknowledgestructureemphasizestheorganiccombinationoftheindividualknowledgestructureandtheoverallknowledgestructureoftheorganization.Itsenlightenmentforjobseekersisthatintheprocessofjobhunting,notonlyshouldtheselectedoccupationtypepayattentiontotherequirementsofthejobseeker’sknowledgestructureasawholeAtthesametime,wemustalsounderstandthepositionandspecificleveloftheselectedoccupationalpositioninthesocialorganization,soastoadjustourknowledgestructureandenhancetheadaptabilityafteremployment.
Structuralcharacteristics
Everythingisdifferent,butatthesametimeitalsohascommoncharacteristics.Thereisnoabsoluteunifiedmodeofknowledgestructure,butitalsohascommoncharacteristics.
Firstofall,theknowledgestructureisintegral.Everythingisanorganicwhole,andtheknowledgestructureisanorganicwholelikeotherthings.Thepartsthatmakeupthewholeareinterdependent,interconnected,interacting,andrestrictingeachother.Iftheknowledgestructurehasonlyquantitativeadvantages,withoutmutualcoordinationandcoordination,itisdifficulttoproducetheoveralladvantageoftheknowledgestructureandtheabnormalityoftheknowledgestructure.Theknowledgestructureitselfisdevelopingandchanging.Itisdynamic,notstatic,anddevelopsandchangeswiththedevelopmentofsociety.Intheunderdevelopedstageofsociety,theknowledgestructureisrelativelysimple.Withtheprogressofsocietyandtherapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,peopleshouldconstantlyadjust,enrichandimprovetheknowledgestructureaccordingtotheneedsofthesociety.Withoutupdatingknowledge,itwillbedifficulttoadapttotherequirementsofmodernsociety.
Furthermore,theorderlinessofknowledgestructure.Fromtheperspectiveofthecompositionofthegeneralknowledgestructure,itisfromlowtohigh,fromthecoretotheperiphery.Fromlowtohighreferstofrombasicknowledgetoprofessionaltechnicalknowledgetocutting-edgescientificandtechnologicalknowledge,whichrequirestheaccumulationofknowledgefromtheshallowertothedeeperandgraduallyimproves.Fromthecoretotheperipherymeansthatwhenthecoreknowledgeisestablished,theknowledgerelatedtothecoreknowledgeiscloselylinkedtoformareasonableknowledgestructure,highlightingthecentralroleofthecoreknowledge.Otherwise,theknowledgestructureismessyanddisorganized,regardlessofprimaryandsecondary,anditwillnotbeabletoplaytheoverallroleoftheknowledgestructure.
Structuralrequirements
Inmodernsociety,occupationalpositionshavehigherandhigherrequirementsfortheknowledgestructureandculturalqualityofjobseekers.Inthefierceeconomiccompetition,inordertosurviveanddevelop,itisnecessarytorationallyallocatethehumanresourcesofone'sownenterprise.Therefore,asfarastheknowledgestructureisconcerned,ontheonehand,therearemoreandmorerequirementsforthediversityoftheknowledgestructure;ontheotherhand,therequirementsforthepracticabilityoftheknowledgestructurearegettingstronger.
Stateorgans
Unitpersonnel
Personswhoserveascivilservantsinstateorgans,partyorganizationsengagedinpartyaffairs,andpersonnelworkinginpublicinstitutions,generallyvaryaccordingtoThelevelofprofessionalpositionsrequiresdifferentknowledgestructures.Atthisstage,theminimumlevelofeducationisrequiredtobeabovehighschool.Astheprocessofmodernsocietyaccelerates,therequirementsfortheculturalleveloftheabove-mentionedpersonnelwillbecomehigherandhigher.Secondly,theabove-mentionedpersonnelarealsorequiredtohaverelevantbusinessknowledge,mainlybusinessknowledgethatiscloselyrelatedtotheirownposts,andbasicknowledgeaboutlaw,economy,administration,management,etc.;third,theymustalsohavetheabilitytomeettheneedsoftheirownpostsVariousabilities,namelyunderstandingability,judgmentability,decisionability,creativity,developmentability,performanceability,coordinationability,foreign-relatedability,instructionability,commandability,investigationandresearchability,languageexpressionability,etc.
Engineeringandtechnicalpersonnel
Atpresent,China’sknowledgestandardsforengineeringandtechnicalpersonnelmainlyinclude:afirmgraspofprofessionalbasicknowledge;mastermodernprofessionalknowledge;Ability;abilitytojudgeproblemswithcompleteobjectivity;systematicthinkingandabstractandgeneralability;abletochoosethemosteffectivemethodandthelatestequipmentandmaterialstosolveproblems;abletoproposewaystoimprovematerialsandequipment;comprehensive,Thoughtfulplanningandorganizationalskills;abilitytoanalyzeandsolvedifficultiesindetail.
SocialSciences
Asasocialscienceworker,youshouldhavearelativelycompleteknowledgestructuresystem.Nomatterwhatdisciplineyoustudy,youshouldhaveathree-levelknowledgestructure:
p>Oneistohavetheexpertiseofthesubject,includingtheconcepts,systems,theoreticalsystems,researchtools,basicdata,andunderstandingofthehistoricalevolutionofthesubject,studyingthecurrentstatusofthesubjectandtheirdevelopmentprospects;
Thesecondistohaverelevantsubjectknowledge.Takeeconomicsasanexample:itshouldincludephilosophy,politics,law,history,mathematicsandrelatedtechnicalsciences,whichareallrelatedsubjects.Inadiscipline,duetodifferentresearchissues,relateddisciplinesarealsodifferent.Forexample,ineconomics,thosewhostudythedistributionofproductivitymusthaveknowledgeofeconomicgeography,whilethosewhostudymonetarypolicydonotnecessarilyhavetohaveknowledgeofeconomicgeography.
Thethirdisthatgeneralknowledgedoesnotnecessarilyrequiretoomuch,butnecessaryknowledgeshouldbepossessed,suchas:grammarrhetoricknowledge,logicknowledge,etc.
Professionalknowledgeisthebasisforscientificresearch,andrelatedknowledgeisanecessaryextensionofprofessionalknowledge.Generalknowledgedeterminesaperson'sknowledge.Ifprofessionalknowledgeisnotstrong,itisimpossibletodoresearchworkifyoudonotunderstandit;Insufficientrelevantknowledgewilllimittheextensionanduseofprofessionalknowledge,andtoolittlegeneralknowledge,itisdifficulttobroadenyourthinkingandenlightencreativethinking.
Operationandmanagementpersonnel
Theknowledgestructureofpersonnelengagedinoperationandmanagementshouldbe:abletodeeplyunderstandthepoliciesandpoliciesofthepartyandthecountry,andbeabletoadapttotheeconomicsituationofreformandopeningup;Haveasenseofinnovationandspirit;haveahighdegreeofprofessionalismandresponsibility;bethebackboneoftheindustry'sproductiontechnology,andhavearelativelybroadrangeofknowledge;haveastrongcomprehensiveability;decisivecommandability;strongcontrolability;canbetimelyFindproblems,begoodatcapturingandcommunicatinginformation;havegooddecision-makingskills;strongpublicrelations,social,andnegotiationskills;dealwithproblemsflexiblyandadapttochanges.
Naturalsciencepersonnel
Therequirementsfortheknowledgestructureofnaturalsciencepersonnelare:strongbasictheoreticalknowledgeanddeepprofessionalknowledge;stronglogicalthinkingabilityandJudgmentability;goodatfindingproblems,strongscientificresearchorientationandcreativity;strongexpressionability;strongcomputerapplicationabilityandtechnologicaldiscriminationability;highforeignlanguageproficiencyandtheabilitytomasterforeigninformation.
MilitaryTalents
Militaryworkisabloodypoliticalprofession.Comparedwithotherindustries,thestructureofmilitarytalentshasitsparticularity.Thefirstistohaveahighdegreeofpoliticalquality,readytodefendthemotherland’sterritorialsecuritywithlifeandblood,andtoopposeaggressiontodefendpeace;second,tohaveahighdegreeoforganizationaldiscipline,whichmustbeenforcedbyorders,bansmustbestopped,andmaintainedatahighlevel.Concentrationandunitycanaccomplishvariouscombattasks.Moreover,duetothehighdevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnology,manycontemporaryhigh-techtechnologiesarefirstappliedtothemilitary.Therefore,militarypersonnelmusthaveahighlevelofscientificandtechnologicalknowledgeinordertocontroltoday'smilitarytechnologicalequipmentwithhigh-techtechnology.
Accountingpersonnel
WiththegradualestablishmentandimprovementofChina’ssocialistmarketeconomysystem,thesociety’srequirementsforthebasicqualityofaccountingpersonnelaregettinghigherandhigher,andtheyaregenerallyrequiredtobeskilledProfessionalknowledgeandabroadrangeofknowledge,familiarwiththepolicies,rulesandregulations,andlawsrelatedtothejob,aswellasknowledgeineconomics,marketingandprocurement,etc.,mustbehonestandreliable,andmustnotusepowerforpersonalgain,Privatefraud,andstrongpublicrelationsandsocialskills.
Literaryandartistictalents
Workersengagedinliteratureandartrefertospecializedtalentsengagedinliterarycreation,literaryandartisticperformance,andliterarytheoryresearch.Theknowledgestructurerequirementsforthistypeoftalentare:tohaveagoodmoralcharacter,usetheMarxist-Leninistworldviewandliteraryoutlook,observethesocietycorrectly,reflectthesociety,createforthepeoplewholeheartedly,andinspireandeducatethepeoplewithexcellentworks,Guidethepeople.Atthesametime,theymusthaveavarietyofspecializedliteraryandartisticperformanceskills,andmustmasterawiderangeofsocialknowledge,literaryhistory,literarytheory,etc.,aswellasaricherlifeexperience.
CorporateCivilianStaff
CorporateCivilianStaffincludesstaffengagedinadministrative,personnelandassistantpositions.
Therequirementsfortheknowledgestructureofpersonnelengagedinthesetasksare:ahighdegreeofrecognitionofthecorporatecultureandagoodspiritofservice.Mastertheprofessionalknowledgenecessaryforthejob,andbeabletousemodernofficetoolsproficiently.Therearecertainrequirementsforthepersonalimage,communicationandcoordinationskills,andwritingskillsoftheincumbent.
Foreign-relatedstaff
Foreign-relatedworkmainlyincludesforeignpolitics,foreigneconomy,foreignscienceandtechnology,foreigntrade,andforeignculturalexchangesandcontacts.Therequirementsfortheknowledgestructureofpersonnelengagedinthesetasksare:highpoliticalquality,loveforthemotherland,masterforeignpolicy,consciouslysafeguardtheinterestsanddignityofthemotherland,strictlyabidebythedisciplineofforeignaffairs,andkeepthesecretsofthecountryandenterprises;theremustbeextensiveknowledge.Knowledge,proficientinpolitics,economy,culture,customs,customs,etc.ofancientandmodernChineseandforeign;proficientinforeignbusiness;musthaveahighlevelofforeignlanguage;proficientinforeignpolitics,foreigneconomy,foreigntechnology,foreigntrade,foreignculturalexchangesandThespecificforeign-relatedbusinessoftheexchangework;intheforeignexchanges,itisnecessarytohavegoodetiquette,payattentiontoexternaletiquette,socialetiquette,andself-imagetobeneatandbeautiful,simpleandgenerous,courteous,andgenerous,etc.
Publicrelationsstaff
Inthesocialistmarketeconomyenvironment,publicrelationsworkhasattractedmoreandmoreattention,andmoreandmorepeopleareengagedinthiswork.Theknowledgestructurerequirementsforpublicrelationsstaffmainlyinclude:toconquerthepublicwiththeirownpersonalitycharm,toleavepeoplewithasincere,enthusiastic,andcrediblegoodwillinpublicrelationsactivities;towinthepublic’sfavorbyrelyingontheirnoblecharacterUnderstandsupportandaffection.Publicrelationspersonnelmustputtheimageoftheirunitandcompanyfirst,begoodatlearning,goodatanalyzingandjudging,goodatgraspingopportunities,andprovidingleaderswithhigh-qualitydecision-makinginformation;theymusthaveextensivesocialskills.Abilitytodothings.Goodatdealingwithvariouspersonnel.Tobeabletowriteandspeak,tobeabletowritemeanstohaveahigherabilitytoexpressinwriting,andtospeakmeanstohavebettereloquence.