Significance
The operation chain in enterprise resource planning (ERP) starts from the needs of customers and serves customers as the end. Through design and execution, a series of products from product design to production, After-sales service operations provide products and services that meet customer needs. The activities in each link of the operation chain are closely related and affect each other. There is a relationship between demand and supply between the front and back operations, and the value of the product flows, transfers, and finally reaches customers inside and outside the enterprise along with the occurrence and transfer of operations.
Comparison
Modern enterprises are essentially a collection of tasks designed to meet customer needs, because the entire production and operation process from product design to product sales is composed of one The series of tasks are organized in an orderly manner. These tasks are connected from the inside to the outside, forming a "work chain". Jobs consume resources, and products consume jobs. The completion of each job requires a certain amount of resources. At the same time, a certain amount of value and output are transferred to the next job. The transfer of value between operations along the operation chain constitutes a "value chain".
The value chain is the operation chain from the perspective of production and operation, and it is the operation chain reflected from the perspective of currency and value. Professor Kaplan and other scholars believe that, based on the last link of business (that is, the link from product sales to customers), operations that can generate and increase customer value are effective operations that need to be strengthened, and operations that do not add value are maintenance operations. Or invalid operations need to be strictly controlled. However, an invalid job is not the same as a useless job. For example, repairing defective products and management activities cannot add value. They are invalid operations, but they are useful operations to maintain the normal operation of the enterprise.
The value chain needs continuous optimization and combination, such as efforts to reduce invalid operations in each link and make it close to zero; in effective operations in each link, increase its output ratio. The aforementioned JIT, "zero inventory", "zero defect" and "unit (teller) type" production systems are important means to optimize the value chain combination.
The optimal combination of the value chain requires scientific analysis. Analyzing the value chain should reflect the awareness of marketing, especially in the buyer’s market, starting from the customer, analyzing the ratio of the price paid by the customer to the benefit, and the comparison between the product and the competitor, and gradually extending to the manufacturer’s internal value chain portfolio; Controlling the value chain should start from the product design link, and try to improve the combination of the value chain and increase its input-output ratio.