Jiayuguan

synonymous the world with big generally refers to Jiayuguan(the world with big)

geography

Jiayuguan is the seat of the Hexi Corridor in Gansu Province west of the westernmost one Pass (continued westward extension of the Hexi Corridor ). Western Gansu region has been part of the desert, sandwiched between towering Hexi Corridor Qilian and Beishan (including Mazongshan, Li Shan and co Longshoushan), up stuff about 1000 kilometers. A trail walk through the desert on foot of the Qilian Mountains and alluvial plains, the ancient "Silk Road" that is this. This dangerous road, to the Jiayu Pass at the mountain, valley mountains, dangerous slope forcing Road, Jiayuguan squat this, the situation is very advantageous, east through Suzhou (now Jiuquan), west of Anzai, is the link to the Kyoto Chang'an and Western ties.

Jiayuguan Great Wall cultural tourism

History

Jiayuguan, built during the Hongwu five years (1372), Shanhaiguan earlier than nine years to build, is the largest extant pass on the Great Wall It is also China's largest scale pass.

Song and Yuan before, Jiayu areas in question are not the city, pedestrians only play the role of inspectors.

Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen the northwest frontier, Songguo Gong Feng Sheng decided to build off the city, shortly after nine Springs area sprung a loess rammed city, the circumference of 220 feet, twenty feet high, ten feet wide this is the earliest form of Jiayu impregnable. Turpan west of the Ming Dynasty increasingly powerful, often led his troops invaded the cities of the Hexi Corridor, Jiayu Pass mountain is surely the ground. Since the completion of Jiayuguan, which will be closed for the western defense powerhouse, plays an important role in the protection of Hexi area of ​​security.

Thereafter, the next floor construction Xiaozong off. Masanori years to build something on the second floor, that floor and photochemical Rouyuan floor. Jiajing reinforced when the existing building and the construction of the Great Wall off the city two wings, each located five miles a pier. From Hongwu five years (1372) early in Tucheng, to Jiajing eighteen years (1539) Shang Di Luan reinforcement off the city, the construction of two wings of the Great Wall, Jiayuguan off construction of 168 years, become a more complete defensive castle.

element before Ming Dynasty tribute messengers have been Pass, with built Jiayuguan Ming, was abolished by yumen. Jiayuguan from Hami to become the Hexi Corridor, the Western Regions Tribute go only legal route of the Central Plains during the Ming Dynasty. Western general throughout Central Asia once every three to five years tributary, missions each group shall not exceed 10 people, arrived in Jiayuguan for the large number of missions, often tens or even hundreds of phenomenon, Ming Chenghua nine years (1473) , Xianzong decreed, "every ten people, who promised a tribute to" stay in place waiting for the remaining staff. Pay tribute to those who pull upon departure cock account, receive entry voucher, was chosen to carry the rare tribute of the local specialty, she went to Beijing to an audience, to accept a reward. Ming emperor reward is very rich, generally more than a tribute worth several times or even dozens of times, to reward the generous tribute messenger extent unprecedented, not only after entry along the free room and board, the governor also sent soldiers and civilians to and from the towns escort. Switch On Gong is a diplomatic gesture and manner, never retreat also means Quartet tribute to deter Ming, Ming Xiao Zhong was in this way to put pressure on Turpan.

Qing dynasty, an important trade route to Central Plains Xinjiang is from Xi'an, Lanzhou, Jiayuguan, Yumen to Hamilton. Turpan cotton, grapes, Junggar sheep, horses, camels, antelope horn and jade and so on through the southern border of this road to the Mainland. Mainland tea, silk, cotton, porcelain, herbs and other Jiayuguan also been shipped to Xinjiang and Central Asia and other places.

Jiaqing years, various parts of Xinjiang have been established tributary trade point, Jiayuguan has lost the control of co-ordination role tribute trade, turned to the growing number of exchanges Business tariffs gradually become the main checkpoint control trade.

19 1930, a significant increase in the number of opium in Xinjiang in Central Asia input, but also to enter the mainland China by Hamilton and Jiayuguan. With the late Qing and Russia signed "Treaty of Saint Petersburg", the Qing Dynasty allowed to go to Russia to trade Jiayuguan, Jiayuguan became a trading port on the Silk Road, the Qing Dynasty official taxed in this, become the Qing Dynasty "foreign customs."

Wen years, large-scale northwest of Muslims riot, Hexi areas most affected. Jiayuguan turmoil once before in the past business passengers must lodge, a shop, tea houses, hotels, etc. about more than a thousand households, thousands of soldiers and civilians, after unrest farmhouse scattered, remaining at ten.

Today, more Jiayuguan is to pay homage monument, look back to the history of the place, a lot of TV drama in this ancient military castle symbolizes the border have appeared, one should abandon the feature over the past several hundred years the so-called impregnable, the only remaining people.

architectural form

Summary

Jiayuguan (9)

Jiayuguan from the inner city, outer city, moat three defense and keep the potential to overlap closely guarded. And the Great Wall as a single entity, to form a flint five miles, ten miles a pier, ten miles a fort, a hundred miles of a city's military defense system. Jiayuguan when first built, is a 6-meter-high Tucheng, an area of ​​2,500 square meters. Existing off the city total area of ​​33,500 square meters, a combination of the outer city, inner city and Urn made. It has a total of fourteen watchtower, watch tower, turret, attic, gates and other Jiayuguan on within the walls, off the city built guerrilla general government, Jing Ting, Wenchang Pavilion, built a temple outside the east gate, archway, theater and so on.

inner city

within wide east west narrow, slightly trapezoidal, 9 meters high city, something on "actinic gate" and "gate Rouyuan" two. Each door has a built Urn, tower symmetric, three-type five three canopies, gallery around, danyan Shanding 17 meters high. City Siyu turret, south, middle of the north wall there are watchtowers, with a layer of three-style front porch. Ma, two door on the north side of the city top.

guancheng

733 m off the city perimeter. City Commissioner middle of a guanjing, the old pavilion, so far spent. Simon coat build a convex walls form a Rochester, which is outside the city. Outside the city 2.7 meters higher than the inner city. The median amount outside the city gates engraved "Jiayuguan" the three characters. The same as the original tower door top shape, with something on the second floor, the third floor of something in a line. Thirteen years (1924) destroyed the tower. Rochester brick west, east, south, north earthen walls, connecting the Great Wall. Outside are the city, heavy doors Diego city, and to keep the trend. Urn outside the East Wenchang Pavilion, Temple, theater, the city to the north there is a guerrilla Yamen House, is the Qing Dynasty architecture. After the founding of new China, has repeatedly repair and reinforcement off the city, well preserved.

Off the main city within the city, the circumference of 640 meters, an area of ​​25,000 square meters, 10.7 meters high city, loess Ben Zhu, on the west side brick wall enclosure, majestic strong. The inner city open two things, the East as "Gwanghwamun" west "Rouyuan door", meaning to Huairou and Zhi Yuan, stability at western. Stage door has a three-tier architecture rests the summit. Things have a Urn enclosure door, outside the West have connected a Rochester, north and south and outside the city walls, "Jiayuguan" shut the door leading to the outside, built on Jiayuguan floor.

defense

Jiayuguan City Commissioner yard, guardian of the north-south width of 15 km of the canyon area, the discussion depends valley south of the canyon, but also constitutes a natural defense barrier. Bongsudae near Jiayuguan, criss-crossing pier, off the east, west, south, north, northeast brightest total of 66 piers. Jiayuguan terrain Tiancheng, both offensive and defensive, and the Great Wall, the city of Taiwan, moat, beacons and other facilities nearby constitute a strict military defense system, also known as "the world with big."

The main attractions

stage

Jiayuguan Jiayuguan stage is Qianlong General guerrilla clothing bags even presided over the construction Fifty-seven years (1792), the Department of defenders at that time officers and soldiers, city residents and business travel and entertainment in the past. Its shape is a typical Chinese traditional classical stage. By a wooden screen separating the front and back, the center of the screen drawing eight figure drawing, it is known as the "Eight Immortals" content. Top traditional Chinese pattern "Eight Diagrams", "Eight Diagrams" is a comprehensive reflection of China's ancient cultural and scientific thought. Flanked by a set of style mural content temple monk nun nunnery and are kept as pets these drawing content is very rare in other stage. Writing on both sides of the stage couplet: "clutch joys and sorrows of the past play, stupid Katatada eloquent recognition on the spot", outlines the functional role of romance through the ages human things change and opera performance venues.

Rouyuan door

Simon inner city, the amount of doors engraved "Rouyuan" word, meaning the Ming dynasty, the implementation of "appeasement" policy on border (customs) each nomadic, remote areas to appease in order to achieve long-term stability of statecraft.

Gwanghwamun

inner city east gate, door engraved on the amount of "Gwanghwamun" the words, facing east, represent the rising sun, Bling shine on the earth. Article doorway paved stone mined from Montenegro.

Ming Masanori first year (1506), when any of the sub constitutional Li Duancheng Suzhou Bingbei construction chair. "Actinic floor" for the three three canopies Shanding structure, height of 17 meters. Carved, multicolored pretend. The first pavilion is a brick layer, a second, three-tier wooden structure tenon joint bite is made, has seen the ups and downs of natural disasters such as earthquakes and nearly five hundred years, still stand tall on top off the city.

Wenchangge

Wenchang Pavilion, built in the Ming Dynasty, re-built in the Qing dynasty years (1822). For the two canopies Shanding two pavilion building, a single shop room between the bottom sides is surrounded by bright red paint vertical posts 18, form a corridor. It is within three wide, deep into the Guanting two. Surrounded with a grillwork doors and windows, the upper draw more than 80 painting landscapes. This Court will be friends for the literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, poetry and painting, reading place. To the late Qing Dynasty to become civilian office space.

temple

at the seventeenth century now moved from the inner city. The original temple a hall, two to accompany the temple, and another knife room, hall, stables and arches. The total area of ​​720 square meters. Temple has expanded several times, the last renovation was chaired by Xiong Minqian Jiayuguan guerrilla general. Guan Jiayuguan City in 1998 by paper tubes self-financing 700,000 yuan to the temple has been restored on the arches were painted, restored the temple at the time of the Ming and Qing style.

world with big monument

Kansai hundred meters outside the office, established the Qing Dynasty published "world with big" stone. When Jiaqing fourteen years (1809) Su Bing Town Liting Chen inspect Jiayuguan defense, see here south of Qilian mountains, north of Montenegro, off potential majestic, wrote "world with big" words and how wonderful is the monument .

Rochester and watchtower

Rochester beginning of the Ming Hongzhi eight years (1495), presided over the construction of Suzhou soldiers preparing Li Duancheng. "Rochester" is to be the enemy of the front, "convex" shaped brick walls all package build, very strong. "Rochester" north and south ends has a "watchtower" wait and see Kansai, off the south, off the north flames facilities. Both ends of the walls in contact with the outer, outer walls and associated with the Great Wall off the city from north to south.

turrets and watchtowers

There are four corners of the inner city turret, also known as "the towers", shaped like a bunker, a soldier on duty sentry guarding the city place. North and south walls built fortresses, is a place to put weapons. Stand here and look back, "photochemical House," "Rouyuan House" and "Jiayuguan House" three tall buildings, the same in a central online. This "over-hole type gate" and the high-storied building forms, is a continuation of the development of thousands of years of architectural history and architectural forms of Chinese.

something Urn

Jiayuguan two things Urn layout guarded gatehouse brow engraved East Urn "Chaozong" word, he represents the past, court officials, although a long journey "very edge", but still forgot to court and king. On the other hand the "West Urn", the amount of doors engraved "would be extremely" word. Meaning from the Western to the princes, Shi Guan, business, goodwill and friendly meet here, from here to the Central Plains tribute. West Urn clave door to the south, not straight and within the gates, the more solemn deep off the city, the inner city has become a line of defense.

guerrilla General House

Jiayuguan guerrilla general government (3)

Jiayuguan guerrilla General House, also known as guerrilla Yamen, the beginning of the Ming Dynasty Longqing years later became the place to guerrilla general guarding the Ming and Qing dynasties Jiayuguan military aircraft deal with government. Building was built in 1987 and restored buildings on the basis of the original, as both houses of three hall-style courtyard, covers an area of ​​1755 square meters, construction area of ​​808 square meters.

In ancient military history Jiayuguan, Jiayuguan Great Wall is not only a guerrilla general government defense system command center, but the court ruled the place, checking business travel messenger contacts, contact hub for Western and Central agencies and various minorities.

guerrilla general government restored to display historical materials as the basis for the existing building as a framework for ultra-realism sculpture (high molecular simulation sculpture) as the main form, showing the lives of historical sites Jiayuguan guerrilla general.

Great Wall, the first pier

Jiayuguan Great Wall, the first pier (8)

Great Wall, the first pier that is to discuss Lai River pier, Jiajing eighteen years (1539) built by the prison soldiers preparing Suzhou Li Han, it is the Ming Dynasty Great Wall from West to east's first pier, is the starting point for the western end of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty, is an important part of Jiayuguan Great Wall defense system. 7.5 km south off the city, the pier stands in the discussion depends on the 80-meter-high cliff near the river.

Ming Dynasty, Jiayuguan governs the "womb, border, outside the pier thirty-nine." Kannai pier buildings, intertwined, mutually lookout, exchange information. Great Wall, the first pier was closed south of a main pier, charged with the task of passing off South Qilian Morokuchi and military information. With dock, horses, camels station, accommodation, salary product was equipped with a certain number of Shoubing. Great Wall, the first pier is an important military stronghold Jiayuguan defense, was once accompanied by magnificent interpretation of Jiayuguan many amazing stories, poetry, saying: Great Wall the first pier "clean discussion depends Threatened wall, Tai Ling Qilian off war atmosphere armor ice smell demolition bucket, flags rising sun dance Rokh. "

Great Wall first pier scenic area of ​​about 3.22 square kilometers. Scenic spots including the Great Wall, the first pier, comprehensive service area, to discuss Lai River strop, the discussion depends inn, natural barrier bridge, "Zuiwo battlefield" sculpture "in Hualong Lin" and so on.

Cantilever Wall

Jiayuguan Great Wall cantilever (4)

Stone Gorge Gorge, also known as water, snow-capped south Qilian Mountains, north towering Montenegro. Duanbi cantilever Great Wall and the Great Wall is an important part of the West Jiayuguan Great Wall, Ming Jiajing nineteen years (1540) built by the prison soldiers preparing Suzhou Li Han. Wall Duanbi living in the south of Gap Montenegro, to the west. Cantilever of the Great Wall in the north of the canyon, north-south, straight long steep walls, imposing, when the boom down, "Western Badaling," said. These two form the Great Wall guard potential, co-guardian of Montenegro Gap.

Cantilever Wall Heritage Stone Gorge scenic area is located 14 kilometers northwest of Jiayuguan City, 8.4 kilometers from Jiayuguan City. Theme scenic ancient Silk Road culture and the Great Wall. The main content of the visit reflects the cantilever of the Great Wall within scenic Great Wall culture, there embody the "Silk Road" sculpture exhibition and Jiayuguan ancient weapons ancient Silk Road culture and so on.

Stone Gorge ancient Silk Road cultural corridor throughout the scenic area, the "Silk Road" sculpture