Introduction
Before the liberation, the KMT was in power had been re-opened to develop plans Jiaolai canal, but because of many reasons, such a plan has not really implemented.
After the founding of New China, in the development of the second five-year plan, once the construction of the canal opened Jiaolai included, but since then the "Great Leap Forward" and failed to achieve.
Xinhua News Agency senior correspondent Yue Guofang in his book "China Grand Canal," a book to open Jiaolai canal listed as the 21st century China should first cut canal.
In 1998, Guangming Daily, Chinese experts have suggested that the state should be re-dug canal Jiaolai to alleviate pollution problems Bohai Sea and China's coastal areas to facilitate maritime traffic north and south.
cut
In the Yuan Dynasty, the Southern economy has developed rapidly, mostly as a political center, all kinds of living and production materials rely heavily on the South, especially the Grain transport, become a Yuan Dynasty very prominent social problems. To solve this problem, the Yuan government has adopted two approaches, one is a large-scale expansion and maintenance of the canal, the other is to develop maritime transport. On the canal, the Sui Dynasty a repair of communication north and south of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, to the Yuan Dynasty, the use of already dilapidated, in order to restore its function, the Yuan government began a massive renovation and straightening, but because of inherent deficiencies, mainly North river water is not enough, the Yellow river, Huaihe river flood often, diversions, sediment deposition and other reasons, has not played a good role. So, while the expansion and maintenance of the Grand Canal, the Yuan to develop maritime transport, and because of the continuous improvement of shipbuilding technology and maritime technology during this period, after which, formed the main sea lanes, supplemented by north-south Grand Canal shipping lanes. In this process, according to records published in 2003, "Chinese maritime history", is found in historical records: the opening of the Yuan Dynasty had moved Jiaolai River in Yuan seventeen years (1280), but only after six years of Yuan twenty-six years (1289), on the abolition of the use of Jiaolai river transport plan.
debate
Jiaolai Canal opened, at the time its main purpose is to serve the north-south shipping, can greatly reduce the vessels pass voyage Shandong Peninsula. But after that, we saw sea routes from historical records formed in the Yuan Dynasty, are not seen Jiaolai use of the canal. Yuan Dynasty in the north and south sea before and after the period of three main routes are:
a, Liu Hong Kong from Taicang, Jiangsu, Jiangsu Qidong, Yancheng, Lianyungang, Shandong into the states, glue County, Jiaonan, Laoshan , Chengshan, to Tianjin Jiehekou.
Second, starting from Taicang, Jiangsu Liu Hong Kong, Qidong in Jiangsu, Shandong Peninsula to the mountain, Liugong Island, Zhifu Island to Tianjin Jiehekou.
III. Jiangsu Taicang Port departure from Liu, direct Shandong Peninsula mountain, and then to Tianjin Jiehekou. The main difference
three routes before and after formed, in fact, gradually away from the coast, mainly due to the progress of the Yuan Dynasty shipbuilding technology and maritime technology, which can make the security oceangoing greatly improve. Nevertheless, if before the opening of the river Jiaolai very effective, no doubt directly into the Bohai Sea from the Yellow River by Jiaolai, you can greatly reduce the voyage, but the historical data, we can see that in these routes, the never used Jiaolai River, visible Jiaolai river at the time was not available.
Why the Yuan Dynasty in motion after the opening Jiaolai river, but not in the north-south shipping in it? Yuan literature no details are given reasons. But perhaps the whole story in the literature can be seen that the point Ming Dynasty. "Ming Dynasty" Volume 68 "canals Chi five. Jiaolai River bar" recorded:. "Jiaolai River, in the southeast, northeast state Jiaozhou Pingdu Source Gaomi County, north and south stream flows south from the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay hemp into the sea. north through the state to YeXian sea roughness hatch into the sea. the proposed Marine who will also speak. Yuan seventeen years, Lai Yao played the offer open new River, chisel three hundred years, from the glue West County Chencun Haikou Northwest of plastic river, sea hatch, that the Jiaolai new River. to seek labor cost and hard to stop. "Thus, the so-called opening of the Yuan River Jiaolai only move once, and did not really put into practice.
By the Ming Dynasty, the southern economic development, social and political center of northern pattern has not changed, the north-south water transport once again become an important social issue, the main features of the Ming Dynasty north-south water transport is sea lanes and canals and heavy. On the canal transport, Ming Dynasty larger refurbishing the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal; and in the seaway transport, cut or not mentioned on the agenda Jiaolai river again. From the "Ming Dynasty" relevant records we can see, Jiaolai opened on the river or not, there had been many debates:
"Ming Dynasty" Volume 223 "Zong Mu Biography" reads: "Longqing five years , and please open Jiaolai Decadence Gui River. Zong Mu work hard for their lack of economic operation, China and North Korea stop the suicide note. "
" Ming Dynasty "volume 68" canals Chi Jiaolai five. River bar ":" Ming orthodox six years, Tan Shang Yan Wang Changyi people: 'Caohe shallow, Juncu poor in southern endlessly to those who often shipping, from Taicang states have arrived in Jiaozhou River Oxbow access YeXian, dredging should pass. of. tuck floats from the sea arrived Zhigu, you can avoid the risk of a few miles northeast of the sea, than Caohe for the past. '' part of its agenda covering sleep.
Jiajing eleven years, censor Fangyuan Yi and other New River open for reconsideration. There are several horse Zhujiadun Ishioka, proposed complex sleep. Seventeen years, governor of Shandong Hu Zan words were: "Yuan River stone blocks old track still around, but the horse did not pass trench husband has been raised chisel rule, please re-dredging silt road more than thirty years.." Command from the meeting.
nine to ten, deputy Wang Xian said: "Lao Mountain West Island Xue, Chen Island, calendar stone buildings, cross-volt Sea, the most dangerous Yuan avoided, it dispatches go into the mountains east. , arrived more than Gordon Levin, then the Zhigu. Jiaolai test map, Xue small island west Hill said Zhu, Jia Zhi two peaks. there Ishioka said Ma trench, north and south are connected to their foot sea cliff, and that is Ma North Bay, but that is a little north of new River, and the Northwest that is Laizhou Haicang. Ma arrived in the Gulf of Haicang only three hundred ten miles from Huai'an trench over the horse arrived Zhigu, fifteen hundred years, risk-free around the sea . yuan taste chisel this road, in case of stone full length. today chisel Ma Ma trench to hasten Bay, dredging new river to the sea warehouse, Cheng will. "is the offer in the old winding seven West Zhang Xu chisel chisel. First earth and rock with which half are under the stone, and the stone stubborn such as iron. Burning with fire, water and fertile, rotten stone into embers. Hyperion flow sinks, Mawan to pass, ten four miles long, six feet wide and strange, deep and a half. By the Jiang Huai boat up to Jiaolai. Over years, the re-dredging new river, fountains of water overflow, its potential A deep, set up nine gates, set Fuliang, built to defend government offices. The middle watershed difficult to pass by more than thirty years. The total river when the king proposed to re-flag shipping, please Kaiping of the New River. Emperor proposed that jump to life interference, while also offering suitable to move, so it did not work and strike.
Thirty-one years, with respect to the matter Lee said: "Jiaolai New River in Old Road West Marine, Wang Xian chisel Ma trench, guide Zhang Lu, white, now all the benefits of this Huai river boat. straight Mawan that the new port is also in Henan, straight from the sea warehouse in Tianjin, Hebei new port that is also from north to south three hundred years, the tide depth. Lake with nine points, Dagu, can lead economy. when it's dredging ear over a hundred years, Yi Ji opened. "Decadence He Jing, Yu Shihe Ting Yu also thought please. Chao Yu-ting will ask Shandong, according to the official line of view. Subsequently to estimate costs voluminous newspaper strike.
Longqing five years, Gui Decadence and please re-open Jun, Hu Chao sent Decadence cashew will ask Shandong, according to official recommendations. Cashew words: "offer the chisel canal, quicksand good collapse, cited Shirakawa trickle hypoperfusion if he now River, a small Jiao River, Zhang Lu River, nine points, are parked all lake pollution is not broad and deep Jiao River, although micro source. terrain east, the north can not lead the waters are underfunded on the source of the springs WWF report, no saith to dirty the quicksand easy to collapse, can not be sustained disturbance fee unhelpful "Liangmeng Long also made by the governor:"..... offer account executive Qu yuan was spent shipping the old course, I do not know canal is so long, dry spring and summer nothing citation spring, autumn and winter skyrocketing no storage and discharge. Easy Cypriot north and south sand, boat trip through without delay. "Naifu newspaper strike.
Wanli three years, Nanjing works minister Liu festive, assistant minister Xu Shi reconsideration sea, the words:. "Difficult person to dispatches of maritime insurance, covering the risk of drowning Jinyu to these two patients, but from Jiaozhou to North south, Yang circle, the dredging Barry, no mountains separated Nagasaka, Yang learned through the tide turns north carry mechanized and timepieces, pioneer even five, even those on three Jun, Jun amount even by two . to explore the cone, up and down are no stone, no doubt can be opened. "Nai Ming Shi either incident. Section should discuss the main sea. Shi to the degree of phase, to the next steep Jiaozhou, not through the tide. But can lead to the source of the river, however, its road two hundred fifty more than ten years, chisel mountain water, embankment sluices, estimated fees million. Shi Chao-cut responsibilities, claims that in order to succeed ju difficult words. Officials will be on the light Mao sparse, and please make festive to survey. Festive to, that both north and south of Haikou A deep water, the boat can take the tide, article noted that in order to hear it.
Shandong governor of Shang Yan Shi: "Ma Bay north of the South China Sea, festive difficult except that the sand accumulated, migration ancient road ditch thirteen to avoid any further consideration duck green harbor south, east dragons. jiatun, sandy plot is very high, opened drains, into the sand with the tide so complex sluices have proposed barrier of sand. Chen Chao from that gate is closed into? gates open and safe from the sand barrier also? North Sea hatch new River Gate to the south, Great rates shallow sandy silt tide. festive pick two in the east coast, only two feet to the sand, the tide way, obstruct the sand before, so complex embankment discussion about water barrier of sand. Robinson thought sand barrier on both sides of the ear may be, if the tide from flowing impulse, security can be impaired? steep watershed, a worker only two feet, and cost one thousand five hundred. multi-Gang stone, water is exceedingly difficult to catch. there are so complex change pick Royal mound of discussion. minister that Wu mouth to mouth steep pavilion were a total of fifty miles, probably more than Naogou stone fee when how? and without which it is also feasible nor river. there are often husband tide, the tide a little far, also only Chen Cun and gates, Yang circle, could not be more enter. condition day ended almost two tide? this difficulty also relies on the tide. river tortuous two hundred years, Zhang Lu, white, plastic Sanshui fine, mooring lines are flooded, has been dry Let the case of Kang Han, what springs may be cited? Yinquan hardly rely too. yuan dredge this river, Shi Chen claims that labor costs not cheap, and finally no success, enough for the former Kam. "inspector censor quotient is positive also the words:. "watershed next pick, wide square feet, with her husband under several feet to one thousand only Gang stone, sand and are under, and under the best black sand, water and a lot of ideas out, just pick silt that is, only deep Joji ft. boats sailing on the sea hatred, but must pick ten feet deep. although more than two hundred million and this is not enough. "Decadence Wang Daocheng also on their loss. Minister of works Guozhao Bin cover please stop the strike. Then called festive, Shi also in Beijing, its labor strike. Si Cheng Shou Xun is in the book, hold high the censor, Yansi Zhong, Shang Yang Yikui have been proposed and it, neither fruit line.
Chongzhen fourteen years, was governor of Shandong cherry, was the principal complex Shen Xing Xi Wang Xian, Liu Festival said. To one hundred thousand gold in the treasury, workers did not move, cherry Quguan. Sixteen years summer, Shang Ni Yuanlu please cut grain transported by the river Jiaolai transfer rates, self-adhesive estuary watershed arrived by boat, car plate ridge forty miles up the river in Levin, reuse boat out to sea, the island can be no risk of loss Jiao drift . Shandong deputy commander Huang Yin-grace the Offer think alike. And garnered line. "
Further," Ming "Volume 79" water transport "is also contained in the article:" Longqing, transported road barrier difficulties, proposed to be opened by Jiaolai River, complex ocean. Huai the Qingjiang Pukou, new calendar dam, Ma sea trench to hatch, contact Zhigu diameter, stopper sleeve follow the sea, ocean not pan. Sparse, the dispatch officer survey reported that water sandy moraine full length. "
Thus, Yuan and Ming II, on the question of whether or not to open Jiaolai River, after many arguments and concrete practice, divisions in failure, in which there are two main problems has been was the community can not be solved: one is vulnerable to sediment deposition, the former open silt, although spent huge million, but futile, the so-called "a tide, the sand obstruct before. "The second is the amount of water is not fully guaranteed, although the open canal without adequate water, still unable to sail.
Jiaolai canal dug it or not, is bound to have a significant impact on local production and livelihood of engineering, not to mention the ripple effect works on many aspects of local political, economic and cultural generated, only in respect of feasibility in terms of the project itself, but also need to be more scientific, careful, careful.
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