Overview
1990 Mike Potter in the "National Competitive Advantage" first proposes the term of industrial cluster on clustering. The competitiveness of the region has a great impact on the competitiveness of the enterprise. Band has found that the industrial cluster is a general phenomenon in the process of industrialization. It can be obvious in all developed economies. Various industrial clusters.
Concept explanation
Industrial Cluster Effect (Cluster) refers to various institutions related to companies that are concentrated in a certain area of division of labor in a certain region. , Organizational and other actors, the space integrator that is closely linked together by vertical and horizontal network relationship, represents a new space economic organization between market and hierarchy.
From the perspective of industrial structure and product structure, the industrial cluster is actually the process of processing depth and industrial chain of a product, in a certain sense, is an adjustment and optimization upgrade of the industrial structure. From the perspective of industrial organization, the industry group is actually the development of a large company or big company in a certain region, large enterprise group. If the industrial structure and industry organizations are combined, the industrial cluster actually refers to the industrial group, enriches the meaning of a circle of agglomeration. That is to say, some industrial chain or certain industrial chain formed in a certain region or between regions. The core of the industrial cluster is the high concentration of industries in a certain spatial range, which facilitates reducing the system of institutional costs (including production costs, exchange costs), improves economies of economies and scope, and improves industry and enterprises. Competitiveness. . From the micro level analysis of the industrial cluster, from the perspective of individual enterprises or industrial organizations, companies can reduce transaction costs with higher market transactions by longitudinal integration, with low expenses, and reducing transaction costs: Longitudinal integration, can enhance the stability of enterprise production and sales; through longitudinal integration behavior, a certain competitive advantage can be formed in production costs, raw materials supply, product sales channels and prices, improve enterprises into barriers; through longitudinal integration It can improve the sensitivity of enterprises to market information; through longitudinal integration, enterprises can enter high-tech industries and high profit industries.
mainly shows
Industrial cluster's impact on regional development, mainly in the following aspects.
(1) Industrial cluster is an important way to promote regional economic growth. The industrial cluster actually combines industrial development and regional economy, and effectively combines the convenience of division of labor and transactions, thereby forming an effective production organization, which is an important way to promote local regional economic growth.
First, develop industrial clusters to improve regional production efficiency. A large number of small and medium-sized enterprises agglomerate in a certain area, can further deepen the division of labor and collaboration in the area. In such a cluster, in addition to the high efficiency of the division of labor, it is also greatly reduced by the transportation costs due to frequent transactions between enterprises due to the course of space. In addition, in modern industrial agglomerates, cooperation transactions of economic activity are often able to reach a consensus on social and cultural background and values. This social network trust basis for cooperation can reduce mutual fraud between enterprises, and maintain clusters. It plays a very important role in stability and improving production efficiency.
Secondly, the development of industrial clusters can produce rollerve-type agglomeration effects, attracting more related companies to this agglomeration. Expand and enhance the agglomeration effect. The external economy generated by the gathering itself is the driving force for external enterprises, and once the prototype of the industrial cluster has entered the internal self-enhanced benign circulation process, it attracts more related enterprises and units to gather to the cluster, and new enterprises In again, the unit increases the clustering effect, so that the snowball effect is produced, and the regional economy will develop rapidly.
Third, develop industrial clusters, can promote rapid derivation and growth of new enterprises in the cluster. Inside the cluster, not only there are not only a lot of related companies, but also have a lot of corresponding R & D service agencies and professional talents, new companies are developing, can facing more market opportunities, get rid of more market information and talent support. Thereby reducing market risks. Moreover, due to the continuous refinement of the interior division of the cluster, more new students can be derived, thereby further enhancing the competitiveness of the aggregates themselves.
(2) Industrial clusters are an important way for regional innovation systems. Innovation is the most fundamental internal motivation of regional development, but due to the complexity of innovation activities, companies are difficult to carry out innovation activities, often need to participate in multiple related enterprises and research sections, and innovate may succeed, this requirement is just The network characteristics of industrial clusters are reflected. First, in the industrial cluster, it is easy to produce cumulative effects in expertise, production skills, market information. Inside the industrial cluster, the number of related manufacturers, research institutions, chambers, associations, intermediaries, etc., while generating strong knowledge and information accumulation effects, a large number of production companies always face the pressure of peer competition, this On the one hand, it provides companies with an important source of innovation and the material foundation required, and on the other hand, the company always maintains innovative power. Secondly, the close network relationship between enterprises makes it easier to form a whole to learn from each other, promoting the process cost, and promotes more learning costs to promote more innovative values.
(3) Industrial clusters are one of the important ways to enhance regional competitiveness.