Gairo Airliner

Milestones

Italian Navy from November 1996 to start the implementation of New Major Unit, NMU program (also known as 168 plans), construction of a new generation of lightweight STOL aircraft carrier. Compared to Italy, the construction of the first aircraft carrier to enter service in the ── 1985 Garibaldi aircraft carrier (MM Giuseppe Garibaldi C-551), a new aircraft carrier hull size and displacement have increased a lot, in addition to advanced combat, detection self-defense and air defense systems; and in addition to regular anti-submarine originally Garibaldi aircraft carrier, the air assault combat missions, new aircraft carriers are also required to be able to support amphibious operations as well as multi-dimensional and humanitarian / disaster relief work, it requires a command of amphibious capability, equipped with features and handling of materials / vehicle / troops, but also the ability of medical facilities and hosting refugees.

As the Italian Navy's requirements are too stringent, manufacturers and the military after long and difficult discussions conciliation, the basic design of a new aircraft carrier took almost two years to complete. November 22, 2000, the Italian Navy and Fenkantini (Fincantieri) company signed three contracts, including the hull construction, assembly, combat systems integration, worth $ 1.2 billion. Fenkantini its construction work by the company's Riva Trigoso responsible Muggiano dock, where Riva Trigoso responsible for the construction of the hull in the middle and tail section, Muggiano of the bow section is responsible for all shipping segments to finalize the assembly in Muggiano.

technical features

hull design

No. Cavour captain 235.6 meters (215.6 meters Waterline length), standard displacement of 22,000 tons, with about 27,100 tons, hull and superstructure completely built to FE510D steel. And US Tarawa level, the same level Wasp amphibious assault, Italy Cavour full resolution using rectangular Formula flight deck, ship island rectangle on the right side, the ship operator only short field takeoff / vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft and rotorcraft, as for ski-jump off the deck for STOVL aircraft (tilted 12 degrees) is located on the left front of the flight deck. Cavour total number of nine layers from bottom of the ship to the flight deck, the bridge is a 5 layer, the hull of the bottom two decks used to install the main / auxiliary turbine facilities, promote living cabin systems, ammunition depots and equipped troops Area.

as personnel living quarters and deck cargo ship of a sixth start logarithm, is the seventh layer of the intermediate hangar Surrounded passenger ship accommodation spaces, entertainment space, ammunition depots, bow chain locker, etc., under the flight deck floor is war intelligence center (CIC), a joint operations room of the amphibious command, officers and district warehouses. The ship is divided into seven separate damage control regions, each represented by a damage control center master, and each is equipped with advanced fire-fighting and disaster prevention and rescue facilities.

Dynamic Design

power, follow the conventional composite gas turbine with a gas turbine system (COGAG), using US GE authorization Fiat (Fiat) manufactured LM-2500 Gas four turbo, dual-axis forward, with a total power output of 120 000 horsepower and a maximum speed of 29 knots, sailing at 16 knots speed endurance 7000 sea miles, can continue to operate at sea 18 days; and the ship's power supply by six total power 2.2MW responsible for generating units. No. Cavour host using four interleaved configuration, are provided in two separate cabin, each consisting of two turbines each LM-2500 gas turbines, a reduction gear box, a large axle and a rudder composition . In order to increase the flexibility of low-speed operation in a small sea, the bow and aft are equipped with auxiliary pusher Fenkantini developed in five sea conditions can still remain fixed ship's position; hull sides and a computer-controlled stabilizing fins, carrier-based aircraft capable of taking off and landing within six sea conditions.

aircraft carrier

Italian Navy with a predetermined number of Cavour on fixed-wing carrier-based aircraft is developed by the US-led F-35 Fighter (JSF) the STOVL version, a total of procurement 22. In accordance with the original plan, the Italian Navy Air Force ordered three aircraft low production F-35B will be between 2014 and 2015 deliveries, and deploy integrated training center in the United States, for the Italian Navy Air Corps basis for training purposes, and the first four fifth frame is expected to be delivered in 2015, and then at a rate of three per year in 2017 to 2018 in service, fully replace the existing AV-8B fighter; but because the F-35B program continued runaway costs and behind schedule Italy is ready to record, to take off and land JSF traditional carrier-based version (F-35C) be replaced by ski-jump off the deck, by intercepting cable landing.

As of May 2020, Cavour aircraft carrier completed 16 months of continuous maintenance and modernization, with the ability to operate F-35B stealth fighter, while the Italian Navy and Air Force schedule be changed for the procurement of 15 F-35B fighter, F-35C replace the F-35B's plans not implemented.

amphibious

Cavour aircraft carrier while serving amphibious transport tasks, he changed the hangar deck receiving the vehicle as a warehouse, main battle tanks can carry 24 or 60 armored personnel carriers, or the general wheel-type vehicle 100; in order to meet this particular feature, the ship hull and the stern side is also provided with vehicle access ramp compartment, which allowed to enter / exit (Roll on / Roll in RORO ) the design is generally found in the dock landing ship. Can travel through the lane, a vehicle in a ship directly to the flight deck, a substantial increase in the number of vehicles can be loaded. Initially the Italian navy ship even be considered in this setting is the same ship dock landing ship dock points, which can accommodate four landing craft LCM-6 or two LCM-8 landing craft air cushion landing craft or an LCAC, but the final design finalized in 2000 before give up.

Cavour number of ship side is also equipped with a number of boats, including three LCVP landing craft personnel, a reconnaissance boat, two high-speed assault boats, etc., can be used as maritime patrol, rummage or special mission purposes. In order to support amphibious operations, the ship area of ​​430 square meters within a hospital ship, which can accommodate a variety of medical devices, capable of carrying a total of Cavour No more than 1200 personnel, in addition to the preparation of the ship officers and crew of 450 Command / aviation personnel outside 356, also equipped with amphibious landing force, usually carrying 360 may be increased to 450 if necessary, in addition to retain additional margin carrying 90 personnel, the ship's living facilities can provide 150 tons of fresh water a day, within the ship emergency power needs of 1,000 people can afford in the ship.

Combat Systems

Cavour has a good number of advanced detection and combat system, integrated by the Al Bologna Marconi (Alenia Marconi Systems, AMS) is responsible, sub-contracting Suppliers include hardware and software Elettronica, Galileo Avionica and Otto Melara, etc., large number of applications developed by horizon-class frigate, and is divided into the chain of command and command support system. The ship's combat system consists of five computers, whose software written by C ++ language, and the use of the Linux operating system, combat system consists of a set have redundancy, network separate process to connect each ship sensors, and other armed secondary system, and is connected to the console via a separate LAN. Joint operations command center 20 is provided with a large display and workstations 212 are connected to the sea command and control message Internet (MCCIS), furthermore the control chamber is provided with two independent backup Display Console.

radar

ship detection equipment includes a rear mounted beside the chimney RAN-40L 3DD frequency long range air search array radar, mounted at the top front of the mast SPY-790 EMPAR 3D multifunction phased array radar, mounted on top of the bridge of the RAN-30X / I RASS surveillance radar system, IFF (IFF) and the navigation radar, etc., other equipment including radar / optical fire control system, surveillance system SASS infrared, mine avoidance torpedo sonar and towed sonar array probe and the like. RASS responsible for the ship's surface surveillance radar surveillance, limited aerial surveillance, navigation, control helicopter, sea-skimming missile detection and so on. RAN-40L frequency using L (1 ~ 2GHz) operation, using the most advanced active matrix element transceiver (T / R) technology, solid-state electronic components, a phase-shifted manner in a vertical orientation so that the beam scans, and mechanically rotating to cover the range of 360 levels, the maximum distance of 400km search, searching the minimum distance 180m, the maximum height search is 30km.

carrier-armed

Cavour number of the most important air defense self-defense equipment is 90 years in France, Italy, developed in cooperation with SAAM / I short-range air defense missile system, the Al Bologna, Italy Dominant EMPAR developed phased array radar and anti-aircraft missile Aster by Silva (the Sylver) composed of vertical launch system, the ship equipped with a total of four eight-mounted Silva a-43 vertical launch system, arranged on the left flight deck end side. EMPAR using G / C operating frequency, the antenna has a hemispherical protective cover, the maximum detection distance of about 180km, the target 300 can simultaneously detect, track where the target 50, while the guide 24 Aster air defense missile engagement -15 12 of the most threatening target.

-15 short-range air defense missile Aster 1990s several European countries co-developed a new type of anti-aircraft weapons, the use of active radar terminal guidance, and has vectoring nozzle, flight performance and flexible enough to intercept sea-skimming supersonic anti-ship missile . In addition SAAM / I ratio outside, ship comprises three other armed anti-aircraft automatic cannon KBA 25mm, linked by a photoelectric sensing system disposed two side points and aft, able to shoot targets at low altitude or water. In addition, also equipped with two No. Cavour Otto Melara 76mm gun ultra-fast type (firing rate of 120 rounds / minute, where a bow is placed), each of the fire control radar consists of a set of NA-25X artillery guidance and control system, equipped with new DART projectile as a short-range air defense and anti-surface use.

Performance Data ​​h2>

overall evaluation

of enrichment No. Seoul and several other European countries in the development of a new aircraft carrier or amphibious assault ship can be found, the next major task light aircraft carrier anti-submarine warfare has been transformed from Cold war-era amphibious required to provide air support and raise the energy load, even with professional amphibious ships past the boundaries increasingly blurred. In addition to the comprehensive national strength stronger future US, UK and French foreign countries, other Western countries due to more limited funding a ship is best able to meet versatility. To light aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ship has, for example, both have a lot of similar characteristics in the operation of the aircraft, but also has to accommodate light aircraft carrier landing force, space materials, so creating both of these Cavour was light aircraft carrier and flexible design amphibious transport ship functions; more, Spain planned strategic projection ship (strategic Projection ship) is simply a light aircraft carrier and amphibious transport dock ship of the complex, has not only within the ship dock, but also operate STOVL fighter . Therefore, the future of these factors have amphibious light aircraft carrier will be more and more, in order to response to the changing international situation.