Thelifeofthecharacters
Earlyexperience
FengDaowasborninafamilyoffarmingandreading.Whenhewasyoung,hewashonest,hardworking,studious,goodatwritingarticles,andabletosettledowninpoverty.Inadditiontosupportinghisparents,heonlyenjoysreadingbooks.Evenifthefamilyisheavilysnowedanddusty,hecanstillbeasusual.DuringtheReignofGod,FengDaowasmadeasubordinatebyLiuShouguang,anenvoyofYouzhouJiedu.
InvestinginZhuangzong
InthefirstyearofQianhua(911),LiuShouguangledhisarmytoconquerDingzhouandaskedhisofficialsfortheiropinions.FengDaowaspersuadedtoangerLiuShouguangandwassenttoprison.Fortunately,hewasrescuedandreleased.AfterLiuShouguangwasdefeated,FengDaofledtoTaiyuanandwenttoLiCunxu,thekingoftheJinDynasty.ZhangChengyevaluedhisessayconductandtreatedhimverycourteously,andlaterrecommendedhimtoworkintheoverlord'shouse.Later,LiCunxuoccupiedHebei,entrustedallthedocumentsoftheoverlordtoFengDao,andappointedhimthesecretaryofTaiyuan.
InthefirstyearofTongguang(923),LiCunxuproclaimedhimselfemperorinYedu,andhewastheZhuangzongoftheLaterTangDynasty.FengDaowasawardedthetitleofProvincialLang,servedasabachelorofHanlin,andwasgivenapurpledress.AfterZhuangZongdestroyedtheLiang,hepromotedFengDaotothepositionofZhongshuSherenandMinisterofHouseholdAffairs.Later,FengDaoresignedduetothelossofhisfatherandreturnedtoJingchengtokeephisfilialpiety.Atthattime,hewasnotwell-aged,sohegavealltheremainingsalariestothevillagers,buthelivedinthatchedsheds,andhedidn'tacceptthegiftsgivenbytheofficials.Atthistime,Khitanwasstrong,andIknewFengDao'sname,andwantedtotakehimtoKhitan.However,FengDaowassparedbecausehewasprepared.
AlmanacofTangandJinDynasties
InthefirstyearofTiancheng(926),FengDao'sfuneralperiodexpiredandhewasconscriptedasaHanlinbachelorandwenttoLuoyang.Atthistime,LiSiyuanwasadoptedbytherebelsasemperorinYeduandcounterattackedLuoyang,thecapitalofthecapital.FengDaozhengtraveledtoBianzhouandhurriedtoLuoyangdespiteKongXun'sdissuasion.InApril,TangZhuangzongwasmurderedinamutiny,andLiSiyuansucceededtothethroneastheMingzongoftheLaterTangDynasty.MingZongknewthenameofFengDao,andawardedhimabachelorofDuanmingHallandaministerofwar.
InthesecondyearofTiancheng(927),FengDaowasworshippedastheprimeminister,servingastheassistantsecretaryoftheZhongshu,andthesecretaryoftheTongzhongShumen.Herecommendsandappointstalentedandlonelyscholars,whilerestrainingthechildrenofimpetuousscholars.Atthattime,BaiguanaddedtheemblemtoMingzong,andFengDaodraftedmemorials.Hisessaysareintegrated,notinageneralstyle,andcourtiersarealladmired.Later,FengDaowaschangedtothepostoftheservantmaid,theofficialbookoftheofficialdepartment,thescholaroftheHongwenguanofJixiandian,andhewasawardedtheShangshuZuopushe,andhewasnamedShipingCountyLord.
InthefirstyearofQingtai(934),thekingofLuLiCongkerebelledinFengxiangandattackedLuoyang.Later,EmperorTangfledtoWeizhou.FengDaoledhundredsofofficialstoopenthecitytowelcomeLiCongke,andhesucceededhimastheemperor.ItwasthelateemperorofthelateTangDynasty,whowaskilledthreedayslater.InMayofthesameyear,theEmperorofthelateTangDynastydismissedFengDaoasprimeminister,lethimleavethetownofTongzhou,andappointedhimastheJieduEnvoyoftheKuangStateArmy.InthesecondyearofQingtai(935),FengDaowascalledtoworshipasSikong.
InthefirstyearofTianfu(936),HedongJiedumadeShiJingtangcolludedwiththeKhitan,destroyedtheTangDynastyandproclaimeditemperor,andestablishedtheLaterJinDynastyastheancestoroftheLaterJinDynasty.FengDaowasonceagainworshippedastheprimeminister,andwasawardedastheservantoftheservant,andthesecretaryofthesameschool.InthesecondyearofTianfu(937),theKhitanemperorYelvdeGuangsentanenvoytoBianliangtogivetheJinGaozuanemblem.JinGaozualsopresentedtheemblemtoYelvDeguang,andsentFengDaoasanenvoytoQidan.
FengDaoreturnedtoChinafromQidaninthefourthyearofTianfu(939years).JinGaozuabolishedtheprivyenvoy,transferredthepowerofthePrivyCounciltoZhongshuProvince,entrustedallthegovernmentaffairstoFengDao,andgrantedhimthetitleofSitu,part-timeservant,andentrustedhimtothetitleofLuGuogong.FengDaoonceappearedtothegreatancestorandaskedtoretire.JinGaozudidn'tlookathiswatch,soheaskedhisnephewShiZhongguitovisithimandsaidtohim,"Ifyoudon'tgotocourttomorrow,Iwillpersonallyinviteit."FengDaohadnochoicebuttocontinuehispost.Atthattime,JinGaozu'sgraceandcourtesytoFengDaowasunmatchedinthewholedynasty.
ReturnedtotheHanDynasty
IntheseventhyearofTianfu(942),JinGaozuwasseriouslyill.WhenFengDaowasonhisown,heorderedhisyoungestsonShiZhongruitobowdowntoFengDao,andaskedtheeunuchtoholdShiZhongruiinFengDao'sarms,hopingthatFengDaocouldassistShiZhongruiinascendingthethrone.AfterGaoZudiedofillness,FengDaodiscussedwithJingYanguang,onthegroundsthat"thecountryistoodifficult,itisadvisabletoestablishalongmonarch",andhesupportedLiShiZhongguiastheemperorforthelaterJinDynasty.Aftertheemperorcametothethrone,FengDaowasgrantedthetitleofTaiwei,andheenteredthetitleofYanGuogong.
InthefirstyearofKaiyun(944),someofthecourtiersdivorcedinfrontoftheemperorofJin:"FengDaocanonlybetheprimeministerinpeacetime,andhecannotsurvivedifficulttimes.Amonkdoesn'tneedeagledogs!"TheemperorgaveFengDaothehonorofbeinganenvoyoftheKuangStateArmyandaskedhimtoleavethetowninTongzhou.Later,FengDaomovedtoNanyangagain,andwasappointedtotheprestigiousarmyJieduShi,andalsoawardedtheChineseBookOrder.
InthetwelfthyearofTianfu(947),YeluDeguanginvadedBianliang,thecapitalofJin,anddiedafterJin.FengDaowenttomeetYelvDeguang,andYelvDeguangasked,"Howcanthepeopleoftheworldbesaved?"FengDaoreplied:"ThepeopleatthistimewillnotbesavedbytheBuddhainthesecondlife.Onlytheemperorcansaveyou."NotbeinginfringedistheresultofFengDaoandZhaoYanshou'ssecretshelter.InFebruary,HedongJiedumadeLiuZhiyuanproclaimtheemperorinTaiyuanandestablishedtheLaterHanastheancestoroftheLaterHan.
InAprilofthesameyear,YelvdeGuangbeireturnedtoKhitanandorderedFengDaotoaccompanyhim.Unexpectedly,YeludeguangdiedofillnessinLuanchengandkilledHuLin.YongkangkingYeluruantookoverandreturnedtoQidantofightforthethrone.FengDaoandotherswereleftinZhenzhou.InAugust,theHanarmyregainedZhenzhouandexpelledtheKhitanguardKerry.FengDaoandhiscolleaguesreassureeachotherandtakeappropriatemeasurestodealwithallkindsofaffairs,sothateveryonecansettledown.InSeptember,FengDaoenteredthedynastyfromZhenzhouandreturnedtothelaterHan.
InthefirstyearofEmperorQianzhen(948),FengDaowasawardedthetitleofTaishi,andheparticipatedinthecourtmeetinginthenameof"FengChao".Later,whenEmperorHanGaozudiedofillness,theprinceLiuChengyousucceededhimasthehiddenemperoroftheLaterHanDynasty.HezhongJiedumadeLiShouzhen,YongxingJieduZhaoSiwan,andFengxiangJiedumadeWangJingchongrebel.Thecourtrepeatedlyconqueredbutfailedtoputdowntherebellion.InAugust,theYinEmperororderedGeneralGuoWeitofightagainsttherebels.Beforeleaving,GuoWeiaskedFengDaoforadvice,andFengDaosaid:"LiShouzhenisaveteranofthecourtandwontheheartofasoldier.Don'tcherishyourbelongings.Ifyougivemoretothesoldiers,youcanresolvetheadvantagesherelieson."GuoWeilistenedtohisadviceandreallymadethemilitarymind.Belongto,finallyputdowntherebellion.
EnteringZhouinhislateryears
InthethirdyearofEmperorQianyu(950),GuoWeiraisedtroopsinYeduandattackedBianliang,andEmperorHanYinwaskilled.GuoWeibelievedthatthelaterHanDynastyofficialswoulddefinitelysupporthisascension,andwhentheysawFengDao,theywouldbowtohimasusual.FengDaoreceivedthegiftsafely,withoutanysupport.Knowingthatitwasnotthetimetobecomeemperor,GuoWeithreatenedtoestablishWuningJiedutomakeLiuYuntheemperor,andsentFengDaotoXuzhoutomeetLiuYun.BeforeLiuYunarrivedinBianjing,GuoWeiwasadoptedasemperorbysoldiersduringtheChanzhouArmyRevolution.TheEmpressDowageroftheLaterHanDynastynamedGuoWeiastheStateSupervisor,anddeposedLiuYunasDukeXiangyin.
InthefirstyearofGuangshun(951),GuoWeisucceededtothethrone.AftertheestablishmentoftheZhouDynasty,hebecametheTaizuoftheLaterZhouDynasty.FengDaowasworshippedasTaishiandZhongshuling.ZhouTaizurespectedFengDaoverymuch.WhenFengDaosawhim,henevercalledhimdirectly.Soon,theHedongJieduEmperorLiuChong(fatherofLiuYun)alsoproclaimedhimselfemperorinTaiyuanandestablishedtheNorthernHanDynasty.
InthefirstyearofXiande(954),ZhouTaizudiedofillness,andhisadoptedson,ChaiRong,succeededtothethrone.LiuChongtooktheopportunitytoenterthebanditandattacktheShangdang.ZhouShizongwantedtoimposeapersonalconquest,FengDaotriedhisbesttoadmonish.Sejongsaid:"Inthepast,EmperorTaizongofTangcalmedtheworld,andhewentoutinperson."FengDaosaid:"YourmajestycannotbecomparedwithTaizongofTang."Sejongsaidagain:"TheHanarmyisamob.Ifyouencounterourarmy,itwillbelikeMountTai."FengDaostillsaid:"YourMajestyisnotTaishan."Sejongwasfurious.
InMarchofthesameyear,ZhouShizongpersonallyconqueredtheNorthernHanDynasty,notallowingFengDaotoaccompanyhim,andorderedhimtoserveastheEmperorTaizu'smountainenvoytopresideoverthefuneralofTaizu.Soon,ZhouShizongdefeatedtheNorthernHanDynastyinthebattleofGaoping.InApril,ZhouTaizuwasburiedinSongling.Beforehehadtimetomakesacrificestothetemple,FengDaodiedofillnessonthe17thattheageof73.AfterZhouShizongheardthatheabolishedthedynastyforthreedays,hegaveabookofShangshudecree,followedbythetitleofKingYing,andgavehimtheposthumousposthumoustitleWenyi.
MainAchievements
FengDaooncepresidedoverthestereotypeprintingofthe"NineClassics"bytheImperialCollege,whichwasthefirstlarge-scaleprintingofsetsofbookswithofficialfinancialresourcesinChinesehistory.
InthethirdyearofChangxinginthelaterTangDynasty(932years),FengDaozuoaskedMingzongofTangDynastytoengravetheConfucian"NineScriptures"basedontheKaichengStoneScripturesoftheTangDynasty,whichwasapprovedbyMingzongandbeganprintingthatyear.AfterZhouGuangshunthreeyears(953),the"NineClassics"wascompletelyengraved,whichlasted22years.
Anecdotes
TheappearanceofSikong
FengDaowasatoddswithZhouYuanbaowhenhewasinTaiyuan.ZhouYuanbaoisgoodattasting,andoncesaidtoZhangChengye:"FengShenghasnofuture,youmustnottrusthimtoomuch."LuZhifromtheHedongRecordingRoomheardthisandsaidtoZhangChengye:"IhavemetDuHuangshang(TangDynastyYuanheMingxiang)SikongFengDao’sappearanceisverysimilartoDuSikong’sportrait,andhewillsurelybeabletoserveasagreatresponsibilityinthefuture.ZhouYuanbao’swordsarenottobebelieved."
AdmonishJunandChen
LiangJinisfacingeachotheracrosstheriver.GuoChongtaorequestedthereductionofidlersduetotheexcessivenumberoffoodcompanionsinthearmy.TangZhuangzongfuriouslysaid:"Idon'tevenhavethefreedomtoprovidefoodfortheservants?Thenletthethreearmieschooseanothercoach,andIwillreturntoTaiyuan."HeimmediatelyorderedFengDaotodraftadocumentanddeclarethethreearmies.FengDaohesitatedforalongtimeandrefusedtowrite,ZhuangZongurged.FengDaosaidslowly:"Nowthekinghasmadegreatachievementsrepeatedlyandiswaitingtoputdownthesouthernbandits.GuoChongtao'swordsarenotexcessive,atbest,whybothertogetangry?Ifwelettheenemyknowthatourmonarchsandministersarenotinharmony,yes.Weareatadisadvantage."ZhuangZongwakesup.Soon,GuoChongtaoapologizedtoZhuangZong.AfterFengDao'sreconciliation,thematterwasresolvedsmoothly,andpeoplebegantorespectFengDao'scourage.
Expensivebutnotarrogant
WhenLiangJinwasfightingforsupremacy,FengDaoalsowentoutwiththearmyandlivedinathatchedhut.Hedidn’tevenhaveabed,sohesleptonabundleforhorsefeeding.Onthehay.Heusedhissalarytopreparefoodanddrinkwithhisservants.Somegeneralsgavehimtheplunderedbeauties,buthecouldn'tretreat,sotheyarrangedthebeautiesinanotherroom,andthensearchedfortheirmastersandreturnedthem.
WhenFengDaowaskeepinghisfather'sfilialpietyinJingcheng,itwasafamine.Herescuedhisfamily'swealthinthevillage,andpersonallyplowedthefieldsandchoppedfirewood.Ifthereisabarrenlandoraninabilitytocultivatethelandinthesametown,FengDaowillsecretlycultivateforitatnight.Whenthehostlearnedthathecametothankhim,hefeltthattherewasnothingtobethankfulfor.
SatireMingzong
DuringtheMingzongperiodoftheLaterTangDynasty,thereweregoodharvestsforyears,andthecourtwasfine.FengDaotooktheopportunitytosay:"WhentheministerwasinTaiyuan,hewasorderedtogotoZhongshanandpassedthroughthedifficultJingxingPass.Theministerwasworriedthatthehorsewouldmissthefoot,sohewouldcautiouslygrabthereins.Butwhentheroadwassmooth,hewouldnolongerbecarefultograspthecontrol.Beingturnedupsidedownbyahorse.Althoughwhattheministersaidisatrivialmatter,itcanalsoexplainthegreattruth.YourMajestyshouldnotindulgeinenjoymentjustbecauseoftheleisureandgoodharvest.Youshouldworkhardandbemorecautious."TangMingzongagreed.
Later,TangMingzongaskedFengDaoagain:"Ifthereisabumperharvesttoday,arethepeoplerich?"FengDaoreplied:"Thegrainisexpensiveforthehungryfarmers,andthegrainislowforthefarmers.Thisiscommonsense.Theministerremembersthatinmoderntimes.AnexamplenamedNieYizhonghas"ThePoemoftheFamilyoftheWoundedField":'NewsilkissoldinFebruary,andtheautumnvalleyinMaywillbetreatedwithsoresunderneath,buttheheartwillbecutout.Ihopethattheking'sheartwillturnintoacandleoflight,notshiningbrightly.LuoYan,everywhereintheescaperoom.'"TangMingzongorderedhiscourtierstorecordthispoemandreaditoften.
TangMingzongreceivedajadecupwiththewords"LonglivetheNationalTreasureCup"andshowedittoFengDao.FengDaodao:"Thisisthetangibletreasureofthepreviousdynasty,andthekinghastheinvisibletreasure.Benevolenceandrighteousnessarethetreasureoftheemperor.Therefore,thereisasayingthat'thegreattreasureisthethrone,sowhydefendthethroneandbenevolence".hismeaning.AfterFengDaoleft,Mingzongaskedhiscourtieragain,onlythendidheknowthatFengDaosaidthatkeepingthethronedependsonbenevolenceandrighteousness.
Everythingshouldbepragmatic
WhenKingLurebelled,EmperorMinofTangabandonedthecapitalandfled.FengDaowasabouttoenterthedynasty.HearingthatEmperorMinhadfled,hewantedtoreturnhome.LiYusaid:"Theemperorleft,wedidnotparticipateintheplan.Nowthatthequeenmotherisstillinthepalace,weshouldgototheZhongshuprovinceandaskXiaohuangmentogettheopinionofthequeenmother,andthenreturntoourhouse.Thisistherighteousnessofthecourt!"FengDaodao:"TheLordhasfallenintothecommunity,andthecountryhasnomonarch.Ashumanministers,wecanonlyservethemonarch,andenterthepalacewithoutamonarch.Iamafraidthatitisnotappropriate.Besides,thekingofLuhasalreadypostedlistseverywhere.Know,Imightaswellgobackandwaitfortheorder."Afterspeaking,hereturnedtothehouse.
FengDaogangwalkedtoTiangongTemple,andAnCongjinsentpeopletotell:"TheKingofLuhasarrivedquicklyandiscomingsoon.TheXianggongshouldleadhundredsofofficialstoGushuitomeethim."FengDaostoppedatTiangongTemple.Next,callahundredofficialsonthespot.AfterLuDaofromZhongshushearrived,FengDaoaskedhimtodraftadocumenttopersuadehimtoenter.GuideLusaid:"WhentheLudynastyentersthedynasty,ahundredofficialscanbegreeted.Evenifthereisamovetoabolishtheestablishment,youshouldlistentotheinstructionsoftheQueenMother.Howcanwerushtopersuadeus."FengDaoonlysaidfourwords:"Things"Bepragmatic."Itmeansthatweshouldproceedfromreality.LuDaoretorted:"Sinceancienttimesthereisnoemperoroutthere,theministerhaspersuadedotherstoadvance!IfLuWangdoesnotwanttobetheemperor,andrebukesuswiththeemperor'srighteousness,howcanIwaittoberight?"FengDaodidn'thavetimetoanswer,andAnCongJinalsosentsomeonetourgehim,andhehurriedoutofthecitytogreethim.ButbeforeKingLuarrived,FengDaorestedoutsideShangyangmenwiththeprimeministersLiuXuanandLiYu.Atthistime,DirectorLupassedinfrontofthem.FengDaomentionedthepersuasionagain,andDirectorLuansweredasbefore.LiYusighed:"ThepeopleofLuSheareright.Thesinsofthoseofusarehardtocount."
SikongSweeper
DuringtheFiveDynasties,thethreeofficialpositionsweremostlyministers.,Rarelyformallyappointed.FengDaozhengworshipedSikong,butthecourtdidnotknowhowtoarrangetheministry,soPrimeMinisterLuWenjilethimtakechargeofthesacrificialcleaning.AccordingtoLuWenji'sarrangement,FengDaoonlyneedstobeinchargeofthesweepingworkwhenthecourtisholdingsacrifices,andthereisnothingtodoatordinarytimes,sopeopleareworriedthathewillnotagree.FengDaoheardaboutitandlaughed:"CleaningisalsoSikong'sduty,whatamInotwillingtodo?"Darenotgo.FengDaowasinthepoliticalaffairshallatthattime,andwhenhelearnedofthis,hewrotetheword"DaoQu"onthepaper,andorderedtheofficialtodrawupanemissary.Thebookofficialheardthediscoloration,hishandstrembled,andtearskeptstreaming.FengDaodidn'tgohome,butorderedsomeonetosaygoodbyetohiswifeonhisbehalf.JinGaozuworriedabouthissafetyandsaid:"Youareahigh-rankingofficial,andyoushouldnotgodeepintotheKhitan."FengDaosaid:"YourmajestyreceivesthefavoroftheKhitan,andtheministerreceivesthefavorofhismajesty.Whynotgothere."
AfterFengDaoarrivedinKhitan,Yeludewantedtomeethiminthesuburbstoshowrespect.TheQidanofficialsremonstrated:"Sinceancienttimes,thereisnocourtesyfortheemperortowelcometheprimeminister."YeluDeguanggaveup.Later,YelvderewardedFengDaoyahuandNiutou,whichwasaspecialcourtesyinKhitan.FengDaowroteapoemtocommemoratethis:"Thebull'sheadisgiven,andtheelephantwatismoretolerant."YelvdewasoverjoyedanddeliberatelyleftFengDaoinKhitan.FengDaodao:"TheJinDynastyandtheKhitanarethecountryoffatherandson.Iamacourtierinbothcountries,anditisthesameeverywhere."
FengDaospenttwoyearsinKhitan,andalltherewardshereceivedwereusedtobuyfuel.,Alsothreatenedtosay:"Thenorthisbittercold,Iamtoooldtobear,soprepareearly."ItseemsthatIwanttostayinKhitanforever.Whenhewasallowedtoreturntothecountry,hewenttothetablethreetimesandexpressedhiswillingnesstostay.Afterbeingrejected,hespentanothermonthbeforesettingofftothesouth.AfterFengDaoleft,hestayedattheinneverytime,andittooktwomonthstogetoutoftheKhitanborder.Theentourageasked:"OtherscansurvivefromtheKhitan,andtheycan'twaitforthetwowings.Whydoyouwanttostayandstay?"FengDaosaid:"EveniftheKhitanpeoplereallywanttocatchup,theywillnotescape.Slowly.It’ssafertowalk."
Thestubbornoldman
KhitandestroyedtheJinDynasty,FengDaowenttoBianjingtomeetYelvDeguang.YelvDeguangaccusedFengDao,thinkingthathewaspromotedbuthadnomerit,FengDaowasspeechless.YelvDeguangaskedagain:"Whydidyoucometoseeme?"FengDaoreplied:"Idon'thaveaterritory,nosoldiersandhorses,howdareInotcome."YelvDeguangmocked:"Whatkindofoldmanareyou?"FengDaodao:"Iamanoldmanwithnotalentandnovirtue,stupidanddull(notalent,novirtue,idioticoldman)."
FengYingLiuYun
AfterthedeathofEmperorHanYin,GuoWeiorderedFengDaotogotoXuzhoutowelcomeLiuYuntoBeijingtosucceed.FengDaodao:"Istheactoftheservantsincere?"GuoWeiswearstotheTianmeng,FengDaosaid:"Theoldmannevertellsliesinhislife,don'tyouletmetelllies?"
GuoWeiAfterproclaimingtheemperor,theprivyenvoyWangJunsentGuoChongtoSongzhoutostopLiuYunfromcontinuing.GuoChong,ChenBingoutsidethegovernmentoffice,seizedLiuYun'sguardhorseinthenameofaguard,andconveyedGuoWei'sintentions,summoningFengDaotorushbacktothecapital.BeforeFengDaoleft,LiuYunsaid,"Itisbecauseofyou,the30-year-oldprimeminister,thatIwenttothecapitalwithoutanyworries.NowthattheguardsarealltakenbyGuoChong,thingsareincrisis.WhatshouldIdo?"FengDaosaidnothing..GuestgeneralJiaZhenwantedtokillFengDao,andLiuYunpersuadedhim:"Don'tberashandreckless,it'snothingaboutFengGong."
Gentletemperament
Inthepost-TangDynasty,theMinistryofIndustryTheattendantRenZanonceridiculedFengDaodaobehindhisback:"IfFengDaoisinahurry,hemustdropacopyof"RabbitPark"fromhim.""RabbitPark"wasatextbookforschoolchildrentaughtbyaprivateschoolatthattime.Thecontentissuperficialandisoftendespisedbyscholar-officials,andRenZanisobviouslymockingFengDao'ssuperficialknowledge.AfterFengDaolearnedaboutit,hedidnotgetangry,butonlysummonedRenZantocomeandsaidtohim:"TheBookoftheRabbitGardenwascompiledbyafamousConfucian.Itisrichincontentandnotasuperficialwork.Nowadays,scholarsonlyappreciatetheimperialexaminations.Theprettywordsandsentencesintheliteraryfieldareusedtostealfameandwealthandthehighpositionofthepublic.Thatistherealshallowness!"RenZanisashamed.
DuringthereignofEmperorTang,FengDaoleftthetownofTongzhouandwaitedalittlebitslowlyfordeputyenvoyHuRao.HuRaooftenabusedFengDaowhilehewasdrunkoutsideofhisteeth.Hesaidtohumanity:"HuRaoisunkind,andhewillhavehisownretributioninthefuture.Whatismyanger."DuringthelaterJinDynasty,somepeopleleddonkeysintothemarket.Asignhungonthedonkey'sfacewiththeword"FengDao"writtenonit.FengDaoreceivedareportfromhiscroniesandwasnotangry.Heonlysaid:"Therearemanypeoplewiththesamenameandsurnameintheworld.Maybesomeoneislookingfortheownerofthedonkey.What'sweird?"
Everythingisimpeccable
LiDaoqiangreetedFengDao,FengDaolaughed:"Howmanyyearshasbeentheoldman'snameasDao.Besides,hehasbeentheprimeministerforalongtime.Mynamehasthesamepronunciation,isthisinaccordancewiththeetiquetteandlaw?"DirectorLidefended:"XiangongisaTaowithoutaninchbottom,andIamaleaderwithaninchbottom.Thesamepronunciationisdifferent,whynot?"FengDaolaughed:"NotonlydoIhavenoinchinmyname,butIalsohavenoinchineverything."
JokingwithHeNing
FengDaoandHeNingareinthepoliticalaffairshall.Oneday,HeNingaskedFengDao:"Howmuchareyournewboots?"FengDaoraisedhisleftfootandsaid,"Ninehundred."HeNingturnedaroundandreprimandedtheyoungofficial:"Whydidmybootscostalot?Qianba?"Iscoldedforalongtime.Atthistime,FengDaoslowlyraisedhisrightfootagainandsaid,"Thisoneisalsoninehundred."Thewholehalllaughed.
MentorReadingtheScriptures
FengDaooncelistenedtotheMentorsreading"TheTaoTeChing".Thefirstchapterofthe"TaoDeJing"is"TaoisTao,veryTao".Seeingthattherearethree"dao"inthesixcharacters,thedoormanjustviolatedFengDao'sname,soheread:"Ifyoudarenotsayit,youdarenotsayit.,Idarenotsay."
ChaoliangMujin
FengDaoliwasintheFiveDynasties,andhedidn’tcareaboutthelossoftheemperorandthecountry."Self-reported",narratestheofficialnobilityearnedthroughouthislife,andisproudofit.ThepoetLiuYinoftheYuanDynastywroteapoem"FengDao",mocking:"Itisdifficulttosubduethecountryandsubduetheministers,andIamobsessedwithafewofficials.ChaoLiangMujinisbusydoingthings,andhewillnotgiveuptheremainsandtheKhitan."Latergenerationsusedit."ChaoliangMujin"isametaphorforpeople'scapriciousnessandlackofintegrity.
CharacterEvaluation
LiSiyuan:FengDaoxingispureandfrugal.HelivesinaMaoaninDeshengzhai.HeeatsthesameutensilsasCongCong.YanRuye.Andwithhisfather’sworries,hereturnedtohishometown,self-cultivationandwoodcutting,andmixedwithfarmers,alittlecarelessabouttheprimeminister,therealscholar.
ShiJingyan:JingbangZhiliyi,DaiGongchen,speciallyenteredthe2,500householdsinGongshiTown,ShipingCounty,Sikong,ShangzhuState,sealed300householdswithFengDao,andLitianCangbiTownGuoyuanTurtleXiaHuangisararetreasure,XuanJingisatreasureofevilspirits,FangZhuye,Liangpinghasapoorshoulder,comparedwithhisloyalty,YaoandSongcannotbecombinedwithhisbridle,canbedescribedastheswordrulerofhumanofficials,andtheelixirofgoodfortune.
XueJuzheng:①Daoisespeciallygoodatchanting,andthepenisperfect.Inadditiontotheclassics,themeaningcontainstheancientDao.Itmustbewrittenfromfarandnear.Therefore,Igraduallyfearitsprofoundness.Listate.②TaohasservedinthefourdynastiesandenteredZhongshuthreetimes.Hehasbeenintheaspectformorethantwentyyears.Hehastakentheresponsibilityofholdingthevulgarityashisownresponsibility.Attheendoftheyear,intheboudoir,thereisalittleextravagance,andhissonisauspicious,especiallyfrantic.③ThefulfillmentofTaoismhasthestyleoftheancients;themagnanimityofTaoismhaswonthecourtesyofministers.However,thefourdynasties,thesixemperors,canbeloyal!Ahusband,adaughterandtwohusbands,themisfortuneofpeopleisworsethanrepeated!Therefore,thefinalceremonyshouldnotbeposthumouslynamedWenzhenorWenzhong.Thisisalsothecase.
OuyangXiu:①Taoisahumanbeing,andhecanworkhardforhisownsake.②Tao-youngisabletorehabilitateinordertobeknownintheworld,andtobeaminister,andespeciallytopayattentiontothetownsandgoods,toservethefoursurnamesandtenmonarchs,andtousetheoldvirtues.However,thepeopleintheworldwhoarenotwiseandfoolsalllooktoDaoastheveterans,andtheyarepraisedastheelders.③ThedebatersaidthatDaocouldstoptheTaizu'splan,andfinallydidnotblameDaoforthedeathofJinandHan.Ofcourse,itdoesnotmeantothinkthatthemourningoftheemperorandthecountrywillbedestroyed.④The"Biography"says:"Rite,justice,integrityandshamearethefourdimensionsofacountry;ifthefourdimensionsarenotopen,thecountryisperishing."Itisgood,andyoucantalkaboutlife!Etiquetteandrighteousness,thegreatlawofgoverningpeople;honestyandshame,thegreatfestivalofestablishingpeople.Ifyouarenotcheap,youwilldoeverything;ifyouarenotashamed,youwilldoeverything.Ifpeoplearelikethis,thendisastersandchaoswillperish,andtherewillbeomnipotence.Inthecaseofministerswhotakeeverythinganddoeverything,theworldwillnotbechaotic,andthecountrywillsurvive!IreadFengDao's"ChangleLaoXu",andIamproudofhisself-report.Itcanbedescribedasshameless,andtheworldcanknowit.
SimaGuang:①Daoiswell-knownforhisfilialpiety,TangZhuangzongisthefirsttobenoble,andheisalwaystiredandinseparablefromthepositionofgeneral,minister,threegong,andthreedivisions.Heisfrugalandbroad,unpredictableHewassullen,funny,wise,upsanddowns,tasting"ChangleLaoXu",andself-reportedthathewastiredandprosperous,andpeopletendedtopushitwithvirtue.②ChenGuangsaid:Theheavenandtheearthsetpositions,andthesaintsrulethem.Therearehusbandsandwivesinside,andmonarchsandministersoutside.Awomanwillfollowherhusbandandwillnotchangeforlife;Thiskindofhumanityisalsogreat.Gotitordiscardit,itwillbemessy!FanZhisaidthatFengDaoisloyaltotheancients,magnificentandtalented.Althoughthedynastieshavemovedtotrade,theyareindifferent,standinglikeahugemountainandcannotbetransferred.ChenYuthinksthattheorthodoxdaughterdoesnotfollowthesecondhusband,andtheloyalministerdoesnotmattertothesecondemperor.Forwomenwhoarenotrighteous,althoughtheyrestorethebeautyofbeauty,andtheskillofweaving,theyarenotvirtuous;forministerswhoareunfaithful,althoughtheyhavemanytalentsandwisdom,theyareexcellentingovernancebutnotexpensive.What?Thebigfestivalhaslostmoneytoo.Daoistheimage,throughthefivedynastiesandeightsurnames,ifthetravelerregardsthepassers-by,thedynastyistheenemy,theeveningistheemperorandtheminister,changinghisfaceandchanginghisspeech,hasnoshame,thebigfestivalislikethis,althoughthereisasmallgood,itisworthyofpraise!OrthinkthatsincethedeathoftheTangDynasty,theheroeshavestruggled,andtheemperorwillriseandfall,morethantenyearsinthedistance,andfourorthreeyearsinthenear.Althoughthereisloyaltyandwisdom,howwillitbe!Whenthatisthecase,theonewholosesthecourtisnottheonlyperson,howcanhebealone!Theministerwasfoolishtothinkthattheloyalministercaredaboutthepubliclikehishome,anditwasfatalifhesawdanger,thekingwouldforcehisremonstranceifheeverhadit,andifthecountrywasdefeated,hewoulddieindesperation.Ifthewisemanhastheway,hewillsee;ifthestatehasnoway,hewillbehidden.Nowadays,DaoZunChongiscrownedthethreedivisions,powerandappointmentaretheprimeministers,andthestateisinaccordancewiththelaw,stealingthepositionofthevegetarianmeal,andthedeathofthecountryistryingtoavoidall,welcomingandpersuadingtoenter.Therulerwillriseandfalloneafteranother,whiletheTaowillberichandnoble.Thisistheonlytraitortothetreacherousministers,andyouwillcomparefavorablywithothers!OrthatDaocanharmthewholebodyfarandwideintroubledtimes,andSiisalsowise.Theministersaidthatagentlemanhastokillhisbodyandbecomeabenevolent,buthedoesnotseektoharmhisbenevolence.Howcanheonlyusethewholebodytoharmhim?However,thestolenplantardiseaseendsupintheroad.Whoisvirtuous?Ifthisisnotaspecialsorrow,ShiJunalsohastheresponsibility,what?Thesergeantisashamedtobehomefortheunjustdaughter;thejunjunisashamedtobetheministerfortheunfaithful.Inthepreviousdynasty,thelanguageofloyaltywouldopposetheemperorandhatred,andthelanguageofwisdomwouldmeantheruinsofsociety.Later,themonarchdidnotpunishnorabandon,butreusedtheimage,andhewaswillingtobeloyaltomesothathecouldgethisuse!Therefore,itissaid:Ifitisnotspecialway,itisalsotheresponsibilityoftheking!
SuChe:FengDaousedthefoursurnamesastheprimeministertoactasthefoursurnamesoftheninemonarchs.Righteousnessisbothdeprived,althoughthereisgood,itisnotrecorded.Ireadhisactionsandsorrow,andtherearestillpeoplewhocanspeakfortheancients.QiHuankilledhissontocorrecthim,summonedhimtodiesuddenly,andGuanZhongdidn'tdie,buthewasinharmonywithhim.ZiGongthoughthewasunkindandaskedConfucius.Confuciussaid:"GuanZhongXianghuan,dominatestheprinces,conquertheworld,andthepeoplecometothisdayandreceivehisgifts.Micro-guanzhong,Iwassenttotheleft!Howcanitbeforgivenessbyahusbandandawife?Itisalsoknown."GuanZhongzhiXianghuan,Confuciushasdoneso.ThereasonwhytheTaocannotbeattachedtothepipehasnomerit.YanYingandCuiZhuareallinvolvedinQiZhuanggong.TokillthepublicandestablishtheKing.StandingoutsidetheCuifamily,Yanzisaid,"Idie?"Hesaid,"Iamthekingalone,andIdie?"Hesaid,"Ido?""Isit?"said:"Goto?"said:"Thekingdiedinpeace?Thosewhoarethekings,doyouregardthemausoleum?Theruleristhelord.Howcantherulerspeakforthetruth,andthelandisthesupport.Therefore,therulerdiedforthecommunity,thenIfyoudieforthesakeofthesociety,youwilldie.Ifyoudieforyourself,butforyourself,notforyourpersonalliking,whodarestodoit?Andifpeoplehavearulerandkillthem,Iwilldie,butIwilldie.Wherewillthegeneralreturn?"Thedooropened,andthecorpsecried,happy,threerushedout,anddiedJingGong.AlthoughthereisnomeritinGuanzi,thegentlemancanmakeupforitwithhisfameandminister.MakeDaoattachedtoYanzi,andShunisalmostashamed.MingzongofTangDynastywastheprimeminister,andtheneightmonarchswererecorded.Whenhewasabolished,hewaseitherinsideoroutside.Althoughhewastheprimeminister,hispowerwasnotinhimself.Thecauseofmisfortunewasnotafault..AlthoughMingzongcamefromYidi,hisnaturewasgenerous.Daoalwayspersuadeshimwithrespectandthrift,andhereignsfortenyears,andthepeoplearelesssecure.ScholarswerebornintheFiveDynasties,standingamongtyrantsandarrogantgenerals.Thesunisinthecompanyoftigersandabandons.Unfortunately,servinginthedynasty,suchasFengDao,can'tavoidit,andthosewhodiscussitaresincereandforgive.
WuChuhou:TheworldridiculedDaoyiAguifollow,thefourdynastiesandtheelevenemperors,cannotdie.WhileYuTsaiTsaisaysanddoeswhatDaosaysanddoes,byreferencetothequality,theDaodoesnotfollowAguilar.Therefore,itisfreefromtroubledtimes,andtheskyisfortunate.AttheendoftheShiJinDynasty,hemadeprovocationswiththecaptives,andwasafraidtogiveenvoys.Theyoungmasterorderedtheprimeministertochoosethepeople,andtheDaoimmediatelyreplied:"TheministerandtheDaowillgoaway."Thedynastywaseclipsed,andtheDaosurvived.Peng'sclerktooktheTaoashisownself-selling,andwantedtosellhimself.XiangyinGongsaid:"Don'tdothisLaozi'sbusiness."Zhongwasalsoexempted.Atthebeginning,GuoWeisentDaotoXiangyin,DaoYuweisaid:"Idon'tknowwhetherthisisthecause?Daohasneverliedinhislife,don'tsendDaotobealiar."AndZhouShizongwantedtoregainHedong,sayingthatthistripwaslikeamountainandanegg.TheTaosaid:"IwonderifyourMajestycandoit?"Themasteralsoasked:"Therearethousandsofsurnames,whowillbesaved?"AndDaosaidawordtotheright,whichisamillionalive.CoverthetracesofthelaypeoplewhoseetheTao,butdonotknowtheheart;YuTanandFuWenzhongtalkedaboutTaoism,WenZhongsaid:"ThisMenciusisalsocalledanadult."
WuZeng:Confuciussaid:"UncleBoyi,donotlowerhisambition,donothumiliatehisbody.LiuXiahuiShaolian,humiliatingthebody."HusbandGuanZhonghumiliatedthebody,non-sagesarenotenoughtoknowhisbenevolence,buttheyuanandtheblackareenoughtotalkaboutit.Seekingfuturegenerations,DiRenjieandFengDaosuafewmoments.Renjieisnodifferent.Taoisself-defeatingbyOuyangGong,soscholarswillneverbeseparated.Whatapity!TheonlyrichZhengGong,SuHuangmen,andWangJingGongarecalledadults.WhenGaiOuyangwasahistory,hewasonlyyoung;ifhewaslate,hewouldnot.
WangRuoxu:①FengDaoforgetstheaffairsoftheemperor,asinnerforallages,andnoonecanbereconsidered.②ThequestiontoGermanyistobeabletoliveChina;tobeworshippedbyGuoWei,tobeabletorejuvenatethecourt.Andhesaid:Atthetimeof簒徳,althoughBenYudidnotcausehiscourage,butDaotalkedandlaughedandworshippedhim,butShengdecouldnotdoso.Hiswordsareparticularlyridiculous,sohowcanthefruitofthismattersavethelossofthebigfestival?Notsomuch.IsitinthebeginningofthepeopletocovertheTao’sopposingmoralsinordertoflattertheears?Deguangdoesnotkill,itisnotsuitableforears,whyisitinTao?AsfortheprestigeoftheTao,theTaoisnot荅,andtheritualsofTepping'sgrowthandchildhoodcannotbechangedinonedynasty.Thepowerofflexionandextension,theweightoftheHanisnottiedtothis.ThehusbandhasthestratagemofJiAnandthentheplotofLiuAn,hastheprestigeofvisitingZhou,andthencandefeatWangDun'sambition.IftheTaoistsellstheemperorandsellsthecountry,heisaccustomedtoit.Thisiswhatthetraitorousmaleiseasytotake,anditissaidthathisabilityisonlybetweentalking,laughing,worshipingandkneeling?Thehusband’sprestigeisnotenoughtoharmhim,sohetreatshimasgoodandnoleisure.Daoalsoknowsthatheisnotjealous,sothereisnosuspiciontosufferasusual.Otherwise,Wichiken,andDaoqidaretobeevil?Tao’swelcomingXiangyinalsohasnorealambitions.Itcannotbemovedbyrighteousnessandrighteousness,butthediscipleswantittobenonsense.TheprestigehasbeenreplacedbytheHanbeforetheactionisreturned.That'sit.Theso-calledworshipofthosewhorenounceprestige,reallybelieveit?Itisabsurdforthenegotiatorsnottoexaminethequalityofthematter,butfortheend.AsforFengDaoasaminister,allvirtuesarenotenoughtoredeem,andahundredwordscannotbewritten,sothatthosewhoarelikeDaocanstillborrowmoney.Howcantherebeanyreason?
HuSanxing:①Sincethen,FengDaohasbeenaministeroftheTang,Jin,Han,andZhouDynasties.②JinGaozuwaslonelyinFengDao,whichisalittlebitthesameasWu'smasterSunXiuwhowaslonelyinPuyangxingandZhangbu.③FengDaoavoidsmisfortunebyarguing,andifthereisacountry,whynotuseit!However,thesevensurnamesinthepastaretreatedwithvirtueandprestige.④Thetwopeople(LiSongandFengDao)livedthroughtheTangandJinDynasties.Theywereextremelyhumanministers,andthecountrycouldnotdiewhenthecountrydied.Theyregardedtheirmonarchsaspassers-by.⑤FengDaohadahistoryofeightsurnames.AsZaifu,hedidnothearaboutthereplacement,andonlyadvisedShizongtoconquerhimself.
LiZhi:FengDaocallshimselfChangleLaozi,andhealsocoversChangleLaozi.Menciussaid:"Societyisthemostimportantthing,buttheruleristhelight."Husbandsandsocialitesarethereasonforthepeaceofthepeople,thegrassesarethesupportofthepeople,thepeoplearethepeaceandcareofthepeople,andthentheresponsibilityofthemonarchsandministersisblocked.Themonarchcan'tcalmthepeople,andthentheministersalonecalmandkeepthepeople,andthenFengDao'sresponsibilityisfulfilled.ThisistheviewofthefiveseasonsofXiangChan,stealthily,andevenifthereisamilitaryrevolution,youwillnothearaboutthebattleforthecity.Inthepastfiftyyears,althoughtherehavebeenfoursurnames,twelvemonarchsandYelvKhitan,etc.,thepeoplewhosurvivedthesufferingofFengdihavethepowerofTaoismandpeace.
WangFuzhi:①InthebattleofGaoping,hedecidedtogoonhisown,andalltheofficialswantedtostop.FengDaochi'sYouJian,andeventhefacesaid:"CanyourmajestynotbetriedforTangTaizong?"ThehusbandsaidthathisprincecouldnotbeYaoandShun,andhewasalsoathief.TangTaizongbowedtothepowerofthesixdivisions,andshoutedloudly,tosurpasshismonarchtoclimbtheroad,thevillain'sunscrupulousness,andthisisit!TheheartofTaoiswellknowntopassers-by,andFanAinengwaitedandsaid:"IwanttosellmetorevitalizeLiuChong."TheheartofTaoisnothingmorethanthat.XiYuZhuYouzhenandLiCongkecollapsedanddied.Itisnotdifficultforhimtopersuadehimtoentertowelcomethenewmonarch,buttheheavierheis,andtheprofitisgainedbysellingit.TheLordZhouwasfrustratedbyhisfameandcouldnotcuttheDaoatonce.However,theDaowoulddieifhedidn'tturnaround.IftheDaodidnotdie,hewouldnotbeimmunefromtheBritishemperor'schase.②Inachaoticworld,theemperorisnotthemasterofheaven,andthecountryhasnofoundationforeternalexistence.Peopledonotknowloyalty,butloyaltyiseasytosay?Thehumanenergyisfreefromtheinsufficiency,andtheSicanalsocarryitout.ThelikesofFengDao,ZhaoFeng,FanZhi,TaoGu,thosewhoweredrivenatthebeginning,havebeensidebyside;thosewhocontinuetostandsidebyside,havebowedtheirheads;thosewhohavebowedtheirheadsattheend,becausetheyarecalledvassalsandprosperous.Andself-satisfied;Idon’tknowthepastandpresent,whyisself-respect!③Ifthehusbandhumiliatesothersandtheothersarethebestones,betrayedthegangstersofthepublic,andthepeddlingsociety,CuiYin,ZhangJun,LiDing,ZhangWenweiadvocatedthem,andFengDao,ZhaoFeng,LiHao,TaoGu,andothers,Regardingthechangeofownershipisofcourse,inordertobecomeitsfashion.
WangShizhen:ShiyouFengyingWangDaoyifollow,can'tdie.Tryingtotesttheparallelofhislife,healsotalksaboutitanddoesnotcareaboutit.WangJingGongyalovesTao,sayingthathecanbendhimselftocalmpeople,justliketheBuddhasandBodhisattvas;FuWenzhongisknownastheso-calledadultofMencius.Thepoemshecomposedareshallowandfamiliar.
EmperorKangxi:FromthelateradvancementtoZhou,theyallwonthecountrywith簒.FengDaoli'sministersareshouldertoshoulder,andthepersonwhoisthevictimisashamedandashamed.ItisjustlikeChangleLaoXusaidbyhimself.Atthetimeofhisgloryandmeeting,hewascalledbytheGermanquantity.Thereisnodoubtthatitschaosfollowedoneafteranother.("IntroductiontoReadingHistory")
ZhaoYi:①IntheFiveDynasties,thetownsJieduenvoysdidnotusethehonorablemilitarycommanders,andtheyinspectedXueandOuErshi,andWenchenwasthefestival.TheemissariesareonlyFengDaozheninTongzhou,SangWeihaninXiangzhouandTaining.②ZhangQuanyiisnotashamedtobeashamedofZhuWen,evenhiswives,concubinesandchildren.HealsobribedTangZhuangzong,LiuHulling,eunuchs,etc.tothepositionofPaul.FengDaohadahistoryoffoursurnamesandtenmonarchs.HeregardedhimselfasanoldChangleandwasproudofhisrank.Bothcanbesaidtoknowthatthereisshameintheworld.However,atthattime,allthetwopeoplewerenamedministersandelders.ThepeopleoftheQinDynastyandtheChuDynastyallhavethisreputation,andtheyarestillmemorialsbehindthem,andtheoutsidersalsoknowandrespect.Whatisthereason?CoveringtheFiveDynasties,thelivesofthepeoplewerehangingupsidedown,andthetwoofthemcouldonlythinkofsavingthings.
CaiDongfan:①TaishiFengDao,themostmatureandshameless.②FengDaoisawell-knownsleekfigure,andheisreallyanoldtraitor.③FengDaohasbeeninthefourdynasties,andhehasnotheardofanysuggestions.Thistimeheinsistedonremonstrance,whichwasnothingbutcowardicetotheenemy.④ThekingofJinsucceededtothethrone,thatis,theinvasionoftheNorthernHanDynasty,withtheLiaoarmy,wentstraighttoZelu,withFengDaoinside,FanAinengandHeHuioutside,makingthemonarchcowardlywiththeenemy,andtheoverallsituationwasdefeated.GuoWeiDanzhuandthetwoheroes,Idon'tknowiftherearepeoplewhobetraythecountryandseekglory.
FanWenlan:Thecivilservantsthatmakeuptherulingclassarenolessuglythanmartialartists.TherepresentativeofthecivilservantsisFengDao.FengDaowasafamousfigureintheFiveDynastiesperiod,aspecialtyofthisperiod,andthehighestmodelofbureaucracy.Heisparticularlygoodatpredictingvictoryanddefeat,assessingstrengthsandweaknesses,discardingweaknesses,andwelcomingthestrong,anddoingitaccordingtothetiming,butsoonerortoolate,therejectedpersonhasnotimetoresent,thegreetedpersonfitstheneed,soheavoidsit.Harm,andenjoyprosperityforever.LiangLiuJunoftheSouthernDynastieswrote"TheTheoryofDismissalofRelations",sayingthatifthevillainsmeetforgood,itiscalledgoodfortune.Therearefivewaystopayforprofit,oneofwhichistopayforthebalance,waitandseethesituation,calculatetheinterestsanddisadvantages,andthenmoveforward,whichisnotbadatall.FengDaoistheonewhousesthemostsophisticatedmethodofmasstransfer....ThebureaucracyrepresentedbyFengDaoisalsoveryharmfultotherulingclass.SongpeopletalkedaboutConfucianismandwantedtochangeFengDao'shugeinfluenceonthescholar-officialgroup.
HuangRenyu:Thesefifty-fouryearshavenotbeenanoccasionforgreatpoliticianstomakemeritoriousdeeds,noraretheyevenanopportunityforloyalistsandmartyrstomakeanameforthemselves.Sointhisextraordinaryperiod,therewasaFengDaowhoaskedforordersforordinarypeople.,Preservedthetraditionallogicofunifiedgovernmentadministration.Ordinaryhistoriansdealtwithsucha"untalented,ethicalandstubbornoldman"who"seesthesorrowoftheemperorandthecountrywithoutdisdain",andcan'tjustpraiseandcriticizehimcasually,sohecanonlytreathimasanexceptionalfigure.Lethimpretendtobe"OldChangle".
Personalworks
Accordingtotherecordsof"SongHistory·ArtandLiteratureHistory",FengDaohaswrittensixvolumesofessays,fivevolumesof"HejianCollection",andtenvolumesof"PoetryCollection".JilinPhotographyPublishingHousepublished"TheMirroroftheRiseandFall"in2005,andtheauthorsigneditas"FiveGenerationsofChangleLao"(ieFengDao).However,thisbookhasnotbeenmentionedinvariousartandliteraturerecordsandbibliographysincetheSongDynasty,anditissuspectedtobeafakeworkbycontemporarypeople.
Publishingbooks
Familymembers
Ancestors
Great-grandparents
FengCouisagifttotheTaiFu.
CuiShi,posthumouslynamedMrs.LiangGuotai.
Grandparents
FengJiongisagifttotheTaishi.
Chufamily,posthumouslynamedMrs.WuGuotai.
Parents
FengLiangjian,anofficialtosecretaryandyoungsupervisor,isagiftofShangshu.
Zhang,posthumouslynamedMrs.WeiGuotai.
Wife
Chufamily,daughterofChuLifromHuyue,Dezhou.
TheSunfamily,thedaughterofSunShili,themagistrateofGonggaoCounty,Jingzhou,andthewifeoftheKingdomofShu.
Children
Son
FengPing,formersecretary,YouSupplement,ForeignLang,amemberoftheMinistryofEngineering.
FengJihasservedasaschoolsecretary,amemberoftheMinistryofFoodandAgriculture,andamemberoftheMinistryofFoodandAgriculture,andaTuntianLangzhong.
FengKehasservedasSecretaryZhengzi,Dianzhongcheng,andForeignLang,amemberoftheMinistryofIndustryandHouseholdAffairs.
Feng(unnamed)diedyoung.
FengYi,successivelyservedasSecretaryLang,JianxiaoGuoziJijiuandImperialHistoryZhongcheng,DingguoArmyCommander,ChaosanDoctor,SiYiLang,andTaiChangCheng.
FengZheng,successivelyservedasXielulang,JianxiaoGuoziJijiuandYushiZhongcheng,DingGuojunJiedu,Chaosandoctor,Taipucheng.
Daughter
FengShi,FengWannianCountyJun,marriedCuiYan,MinisterofWarThesonofTaipuShaoqingCuiXuan.
Historicalrecords
"TheHistoryoftheOldFiveDynasties·Volume126·BiographyofZhouShu"
"TheHistoryoftheNewFiveDynasties·Volume54·MiscellaneousBiography42"
Interpretationofthename
FengDao'sownname"ChangleLao"inhislateryearshascausedcontroversythroughouthislife,butmoderntimesbelievethatthisnamehasadoublemeaning:
Changlereferstohisnativeplace.FengDaowasanativeofJingcheng,Yingzhou(nowCangzhouCity,HebeiProvince),andhisancestorlivedinChangle(nowJizhouCity,HebeiProvince).,Thenameofthepastdynasties,isreflectedinthefamilyhistoryofthecountry."FengDaocalledhimself"OldChangle",justlikeHeZhizhangintheTangDynastycalledhimselfa"Simingmadman",andYangNingshioftheFiveDynastiescalledhimself"anoldfarmerinGuanxi","Changle",and"OldChangle".Both"Siming"and"Kansai"refertomynativeplace.
Changlemeans"foreverhappy".However,FengDao's"happiness"hasnomeaningofhedonismorindulgence.Itisjustthejoyof"aftermath"andtheself-satisfactionof"satisfactionandhappiness"."Self-narrative"said:"Meditateonthebottomofthestory,celebrateandsurvive...theforgivenessoftheheavens,theblessingsofthehardships,theoncetrappedandreturnedtoChina,itisnotaman'splan,itistheblessingofheaven."AttheendofthefulltextSaid:"Openavolumeeverytime,drinkacupeverytime,keepyourtasteaway,andstayatthepresenttime!Howhappytobeoldandhappy!"FengDao's"le",that'sall.