Erya

Completiontime

"Erya"waswrittenintheWarringStatesperiodorbetweentheHanDynasty,theupperlimitwillnotbeearlierthantheWarringStatesperiod,becausesomeofthematerialsusedinthebookcomefrom"ChuCi","BookssuchasZhuangziandLuShichunqiu,andthesebookswereworksaftertheWarringStatesPeriod.Someoftheanimalsmentionedinthebookaresuānní(suānní,oneoftheninesonsofadragon,shapedlikealion).Accordingtoresearch,itisnotwhatyoucouldseebeforetheWarringStatesperiod.Somepeoplealsobelievethatthelowerlimitof"ErYa"isnotlaterthantheWesternHanDynasty,becausethe"ErYa"doctorhadalreadybeensetupbytheEmperorofHanWen,andthe"ErYaNote"ofQianweiliteraturehadappearedbyEmperorWuoftheHanDynasty.

Catalogueofworks

Maincontent

Thewholebookof"Erya"containsmorethan4,300wordsarrangedaccordingtomeaning,counted2091entriesaretheancestorofChinesedictionaries.Thereare20articlesinthisbook,19articlesareinexistence.ItisprobablytheresultofthescholarsoftheQinandHanDynastieswhohavecollectedandenrichedthebooksandoldarticlesfromalloverthepre-Qinperiod.Theseitemsaredividedintocategories:"Exegesis","Explanation","Exunion","Shuqin","Shigong","Shiqi","Shile(yuè)","Shitian"and""ShiDi","ShiQiu","ShiShan","ShiShui","ShiCao","ShiMu","ShiChong","ShiYu","ShiNiao","ShiShou","ShiShi"ShiHu(chù)"andother19articles.

Therearesignificantdifferencesbetweenthefirst3andthelast16ofthese19articles.Fromtheperspectiveofcontentcategories,theycanbedividedintosixcategories:

1.Speciallyexplainthemeaningofwords,"Exegesis","Explanation","Exunion";

2.Thenamesofrelatedpersonnelandlifeutensilsare"Shiqin","Shigong","Shiqi",""ShiLe(yuè)";

3.Aboutastronomy,"ShiTian";

4.Aboutgeography,"ShiDi","ShiQiu","Shi"Mountain","ReleaseWater";

Five,relatedtoanimals,"ReleaseBirds","ReleaseAnimals","ReleaseAnimals","ReleaseChongs","ReleaseFishes";

Six.Regardingplants,"Shucao"and"Shimu".

Forexample:

Suchas,suitable,zhi,marrying,徂​​(cú),passingaway,pastalso.(Explanation)

G,youcan.(Explanation)

Obviously,jinjin,checkitout.(Interpretationoftraining)

Amongthem,"Exegesis"isawordthatexplainsancienttimes.Itbringstogetherseveralpartsofspeechthatexistedinancienttimesasthewordtobeinterpreted,andusesawordthatwascommonatthattimetoexplainthey."Shiyan"isbasedoncharactersastheobjectofinterpretation,andmostofthewordstobeinterpretedareonlyoneortwo."Shixun"specializesinexplainingduplicatedwordsordoublewordsthatdescribetheappearanceofthings.Althoughasalanguagedictionary,itsannotationsaretoogeneral,andmanyentriesareonlysynonymlists,suchworkswereproducedasfarbackasthe3rdcenturyBC,andtheyarealsothefirstinthehistoryofthecompilationoftheworld.

Thelast16chaptersof"ErYa"explainthenamesofvariousthingsaccordingtotheircategories,similartotheencyclopedicnoundictionariesoflatergenerations.Amongthem,"ShiQin","ShiGong","ShiQi"and"ShiLe"explainedthenamesofrelativesandpalaceartifacts.

Forexample:

Ifyoucallmeuncle,Icallmynephew.(ShiQin)

Thehallnexttothedooriscalledtheschool.(ShiGong)

Meatisgoodasabi,goodmeatisaguan,andmeatisgoodasaring.

(Releasedevice)

Thebigdrumiscalledfén(fén),andthesmalleroneisyìng.(Shile)

Fivearticlessuchas"Shitian","Shidi","Shiqiu","Shishan",and"Shishui"explainthetermsofastronomyandgeography.Forexample:

Load,SuiYe.Xiaistheyearoftheyear,Shangisthesacred,Zhouistheyear,andTangYuistheyear.

(Shitian)

Thegraveisgreaterthantherivergrave.(Shidi)

Itisabsolutelyhigh,Beijing;non-human,Qiu.(Shiqiu)

MountTaiisDongyue,HuashanisXiyue,HuoshanisNanyue,HengshanisBeiyue,andSongshanisZhongyue.(Shishan)

Waterispouredintorivers,riversarecalledvalleys,valleysarefilledwithvalleys,valleysarefilledwithditch,andditchesarefilledwithditch,andditchisfilledwithditch.(Releasewater)

Thefollowing7articlesof"Shucao"and"Shimu"explainthetermsrelatedtoplantsandanimals.

Forexample:

Thewoodistheflower,thegrassistheglory,theonewhoisnotgloryandthetruthistheshow,andtheonewhoisnotthetruthistheYing.(Releasethegrass)

Cong,pineleavesandcypressbody.Juniper,BaiYeloosebody.(Shimu)

Therearewormsthatareenough,buttherearenowormsthatareenough.(Releaseinsects)

Kun,roe.(Releasethefish)

ShuYan,goose.ShuFu(fú),鹜(wù).(Releasethebird)

Gu,likeabear,withyellowandwhitetext.(Releasethebeast)

Thedogfourfeetisamastiff.(Releasetheanimal)

Thelast16articlesof"ErYa"areequivalenttoanencyclopedicdictionary.IntheHanDynasty,childrenhadtoreadthethreebooksof"TheAnalectsofConfucius","TheBookofFilialPiety"and"ErYa"aftercompletingtheirliteracyeducation.Althoughtheknowledgecapacityof"ErYa"isquitelimitedbytoday'sstandards,itwasalreadyveryimpressiveinancienttimes.Sosomepeoplesaythat"ErYa"isanencyclopediaofancientChina.

Evaluationofworks

"Erya"isconsideredtobethepioneeringworkofChineseexegesis.Itisimportantinexegetics,phonology,etymology,dialectology,andancientphilology.Influence,thepresentwordsamongthemarethewordsoftheHanDynasty.

"Erya"ismycountry'sfirstcomprehensivedictionaryarrangedaccordingtomeaning,anditisanimportantreferencebookfordredgingthewordsandproseinancientdocumentsincludingtheFiveClassics.

Duetothegreatcontributionof"ErYa"tothetextualexegetics,theexegetics,phonology,etymology,philology,dialectologyandeventheherbalworksofmedicinehavebasicallyfolloweditsincethen.Style.Latergenerationsalsopublishedmanybooksimitating"ErYa",called"Qunya",and"Elegance"wasalsoproducedfromthestudyof"ErYa".

Exploretheauthor

"Erya"wasfirstrecordedin"Hanshu·Yiwenzhi",buttheauthor'snamewasnotincluded.

Itsauthorhasalwayssaiddifferentthings.SomebelievethatitwasmadebyConfucianclansmen,andsomebelievethatitwasmadebyZhouGong.Later,Confuciusandhisdisciplesmadeadditions.MostlatergenerationsbelievedthatitwasmadebypeopleinQinandHanDynasties,passedonfromgenerationtogeneration,eachwithitsowngains,andwassortedandprocessedintheWesternHanDynasty.ItisaboutthescholarsoftheQinandHanDynastieswhohavecollectedandenrichedtheoldtextsfromthebooksoftheSpringandAutumnPeriodandtheWarringStatesPeriod.

"XijingMiscellaneousNotes":GuoWei,ZiWenwei,anativeofMaoling,whoisgoodatreading,socalled"Elegant",andwasmadebyZhougong.AndEryahasZhangZhongxiaoyou.ZhangZhong,whowasborninthetimeofKingXuan,wasnotunderthesystemofZhougong,andhewasveryclear.YuChangyiaskedYangZiyun(YangXiongasZiyun),Ziyunsaid:Confucius'sdiscipleYouXiaZhisuan(saidthepay,generations.You,Ziyou.Xia,Zixia),toexplainthesixartsalso.Jiajunthoughtthathisrelativessaid:ShiYitaughthissonYiErya.Erya,elementaryschooltoo.Inaddition,"Ji"said:ConfuciustaughtLuAitolearnelegant.It'sfarfromtheendoftheelegant.TheoldscholarsareallrecordedbyYunZhougong.ZhangZhongxiaoyouandthelikearewell-knowntofuturegenerations.

HistoricalPositioning

Inhistory,"ErYa"ishighlyregarded.Thisisbecause"ErYa"summarizesandexplainstheancientmeaningsofmanyancientwordsintheancientbooksofthepre-Qinperiod.AnimportantreferencebookforConfucianscholarstoreadandunderstandtheclassics.Learning"Erya"canbe"notconfused",learnmoreaboutthenamesofbirds,animals,plants,insects,andfish,andincreaseallkindsofknowledge.

IntheHanDynasty,"ErYa"wasregardedasaConfucianclassic.WhenTangWenzongwasengravingtheKaichengStoneScripturesduringhisreign,itwasincludedintheJingbu.ItwaslistedasoneofthethirteenclassicsintheSongDynasty.Infact,"ErYa"isnotasutra,norisitavassalofacertainsutra,itisanindependentdictionary.Withthehelpofthisdictionary,peoplecanreadancientbooksandconductresearchonancientvocabulary;theycanunderstandancientsocietyandincreasetheirknowledge.

OuyangXiu's"TheOriginalMeaningofPoetry"said:"Theexaminationofitsliterarytheoryistheinterpretationofthepoetrydoctorinthecompilationof"ThePoetry"betweentheQinandHanDynasties."ZhuXisaid:"The"ErYa"isabiographyAsanannotation,latergenerationsused"Erya"toproveit."

AndMr.LiXueqinbelieves:"Erya"asa"jing"isnotaccidental,anditisnotincludedintheclassics..Ancient"Scriptures",suchas"TheBookofSongs","Books","BooksofChanges","Chunqiu"scriptures,etc.,arebasicdocumentsthathavebeencirculatingsinceancienttimes.Atthattime,theywerenecessaryforeducation,andsomewerecommentaries.Extendingtheabove-mentioneddocuments,suchasthetenwingsof"Yi","BookofRites"in"Ritual",andthethirdbiographyof"ChunQiu"."ErYa"isacompilationofinterpretationsbyscholarsfromZhouDynastytothebeginningofHanDynasty,knownasthekeytointerpretation.

"Erya"occupiesaprominentpositioninthehistoryofChineselinguisticsandthehistoryofpoetryandwriting."ErYa"pioneeredthestyleofcategorizingandarrangingwordsaccordingtomeaningandavarietyofinterpretationmethods,whichhadagreatimpactonthedevelopmentofpronounbooksandgenrebooks.Latergenerationsimitated"ErYa"andwroteaseriesofpoetrybookswith"Ya"asthetitle,suchas"XiaoErYa","GuangYa","PiYa","PianYa","TongYa","BieYa"andsoon,andthestudyofYaShuhasbecomeasubjectoflearning,called"Elegance".

Annotatedversion

Overview

BanGuhas3volumesand20chaptersof"ErYa"in"Hanshu·ArtsandLiterature".AftertheTangDynasty,itwasincludedinthe"Jingbu"andbecameoneoftheConfucianclassics.Thereare19existing"ErYa",whichisdifferentfromthe20mentionedbyBanGu.Somepeoplethinkthatthisismainlyduetothedifferentmethodofdividingthechapter,whileSongXiangfengoftheQingDynastythinksthattherewasalossof"preface".

FromtheHanandTangdynastiestotheQingdynasty,manypeoplewrotenoteson"ErYa".Theearliestandmostcompletenoteinexistenceis"ErYaNote"byGuoPuoftheJinDynasty.GuoPuspent18yearsresearchingandannotating"ErYa",usingthedialectnamesprevailingatthetime,explainingtheancientnamesofanimalsandplants,andphonographicallyanddrawingit,making"ErYa"animportantreferencebookforthestudyofMateriaMedicainthepastdynasties..The"EryaCommentary"inthe"ThirteenClassicsCommentary"usesGuoPu's"EryaCommentary"andtheNorthernSongDynastyXingBing's"EryaCommentary".

Therearenolessthan20bookson"ErYa"bytheQingpeople,themostfamousofwhichare"ErYaJustice"byShaoJinhanand"ErYaYiShu"byHaoYixing.Today'speoplehavenotedXuChaohua's"ErYaJinNote".Thetextiseasytounderstand,conciseandtothepoint,andisaccompaniedbyanindexofstrokes,whichismostconducivetoreviewandstudy.

BecauseErya’sexplanationisverysimple,andmanyofthelanguageknowledgeitinvolvesarenoteasytobeunderstoodbypeople,therehavebeenmanyannotationsandtextualresearchworksinfuturegenerations,suchas:

QingDynastyMaGuohan's"EryaAnnotation"

GuoPuoftheJinDynasty"EryaAnnotation"

QingShaoJinhan"EryaJustice"

QingHaoYixing"EryaYi"Shu"

ZhouZumo's"Erya'sNotes"

InfluenceofLaterGenerations

Thelatergenerationsalsopublishedmanyworksimitating"Erya",called"Qunya".

Forexample:FangYizhi"Tongya"ofMingDynasty,HongLiangji"Biya"ofQingDynasty.

Itisworthpayingattentionto:"Xin'erya"compiledbyYuanheWangRongbaoandRenheYeLanandpublishedbyShanghaiMingquanSocietyinthe29thyearofGuangxu.ThisEryaisthefirstbookcompiledandpublishedbyChinesestudentsstudyinginJapantoexplaintoChinesereadersthenewconceptsandterminologyofWesternhumanitiesandnaturalsciences.AfterthefailureoftheReformMovementof1898,overseasstudentstriedtopromotetheprogressandreformofChinesesocietybylaunchingtheEnlightenmentandtranslatingnewknowledgefromtheWest.Advocatingcivilization,jurisprudence,andphilosophicaltermsaresuperfluous.However,intheinterior,thatis,positiveandnegative,internalandexternal,andtheydon’tknowwhattosay."Inordertoeliminatelanguageconfusion,thesocietyatthattimeurgentlyneededtobeabletounderstandeasily.Explainthesenewwords,theterminologysetofthetargetlanguage,adictionaryofnewwords.The"XinErya"bornoutofluckisthetargetofsuchreferencebooks.