Task Mission
As a special combat aircraft of the US military, overall, EC-130 tasks are the implementation of the US psychological operation task. Specific can be divided into the following two tasks:
(1) Broadcast task: One of the tasks of EC-130 is to perform psychological combats with standard AM, FM, HF, television and military communication bands. Broadcasting tasks in civil affairs. During this task, the aircraft must be at a desired crowd, and the flight height is controlled at the height of the signal is optimally propagated. It is worth pointing out that the expectation of the target population can be both soldiers, or a general public; or both hostile countries, or a neutral country and friends.
(2) Information Control: The task of EC-130 also includes command and control communication, limiting the enemy collection intelligence, etc. This feature is basically not different from other electronic combat aircraft.
Basic parameters
EC-130 series aircraft is based on the US military "strong god" carrying aircraft C-130 modification, produced by Lock-Heed. The EC-130 series is judged by the 193rd special combat brigade of Pennsylvania.
C-130 "Vitality" medium-type propeller transporter is the most successful, longest-lived and most transportation machine in the United States. It is quite perfect in design, and the room for development is great.
EC-130 series aircraft is based on this, and has undergone two generations: EC-130E Commandosolo and EC-130J Commando Solo II. The former has been used since the success of 1978 until 2003 gradually improved EC-130J gradually replaced. According to some shortcomings exhibited in actual EC-130E, the latter has some specific improvements on the former, and the basic parameters of the aircraft are shown in Table 1.
The US military is usually far from local operations, which makes a higher requirement for the performance of the aircraft. EC-130 series aircraft has excellent performance, especially after the improved EC-130J, with a greater cruise radius and flight height on the basis of the first generation, well adapted to the requirements of psychological operation tasks.
Airborne equipment
In order to adapt to the requirements of special combat missions, the EC-130 series psychological warplane adds many advanced electronic equipment based on C-130. Overall, it can be divided into such three systems: navigation systems, protection systems, and radio television launch systems. The radio and television launch system is the most important system for performing a psychological combat mission, which is the core of the entire airplane to achieve combat purposes. The system has the ability to broadcast all-weather broadcast over the target area and the country with AM, FM, and HF, while using international standard signals to play color TV programs in the base modulation. At the same time, there is a card tape, an open audio recorder, a noise modulator, and the like to broadcast and signal interference against the enemy. The emission capabilities of the EC-130 series aircraft have been continuously improved, in order to implement a larger range of information control and better quality signal transmission in combat.
EC-130E The transmission capability is shown in Table 2.
The aircraft must have a leading protection system and navigation system in addition to the advanced task system. The EC-130 is installed with radar interference foil, infrared bait dramatic bullets, infrared jamming machines and radar alarm receivers. These equipment have played a lot of self-protection of the aircraft. At the same time, it should also be seen that as a special combat aircraft in the battlefield, the protection performance of EC-130 is still not high. Therefore, before each implementation of the task, the aircraft must determine the route based on the latest battlefield conditions to ensure that they will always fly outside the security space outside the enemy air missile and the empty missile range. EC-130J increases the flight height of the aircraft on the basis of the first generation, and is also based on security considerations. In addition, advanced navigation equipment also has the EC-130 with more excellent combat performance, can not be affected by the weather, and perform operational tasks all day. EC-130E The aircraft has a large-scale knife antenna under each wing, and the third antenna extends forward from the vertical tail. A retractable lineless antenna extends from the improved beaver tail antennas to the second lineal antenna from the machine, weigh 500 pounds.
crew
EC-130 unit member is usually composed of four officers and seven soldiers, and can increase to 19 people if necessary. The unit members can be divided into drivers and mandated people depending on the specific tasks. Among them, the driver is mainly responsible for the flight operation of the aircraft, consisting of drivers, covarriers, pilots, random engineers, and unloading lengths. Their work is mainly safe to drive aircraft to ensure a smooth completion task. The task staff mainly includes broadcast data, and program editing, system operator and language expert. Their main task is to use standard AM, FM, HF, TV and military communication bands to implement psychological warfare, and implement electronic confrontation, restrict enemy collection intelligence, etc. These tasks begin to work whenever the aircraft fly over the destination. They open electronic interference equipment, interfere with enemy signals; truncate enemy communication signals, and the insertion psychological war experts have already prepared broadcast TV programs.
It is to be pointed out that behind the entire crew member, it is the technical support and expert guidance of the US Fourth Psychological War Brigade. That is, although the EC-130 affiliated Air Force's 193rd special combat brigade is jurisdiction, the real technical support is from the fourth psychological war brigade. For example, when executing a general task, the material played by the aircraft is the fourth psychological battle brigade has already recorded a record. The task member only needs to put the disk into the player; spreading the flyer is a finished product; even To conduct real-time broadcasting, the fourth psychological war brigade will also send language experts who expect people's language to complete their tasks.
actual performance
Since the 1990s, the Bay War, Kosovo War, Afghan War and Iraq war have been launched. These wars have become a model of high-tech local war under modern informatization conditions. It is in this context that EC-130 mental warfare is increasingly concerned about people.
Kosovo War
April 5, 1999, Reuters reported: Monday, Belgrade citizen received a blurred TV signal. Some local people said that the TV signal is very weak, and even sometimes I can't understand the specific content, but it can be distinguished: it is a foreign woman broadcasts with a half-life Serbian. NATO said that this is the "true situation" of the EC-130 Commisto Solo to pass the Kosovo war to the Serbian.
During the EC-130 work, Yugoslavia's ordinary people have seen a headline of "NATO Society" on the TV screen, and printed with NATO logo, which is also equipped below There are Serbian text: If you know that Kosovo's race cleaning, you will be shocked. At the same time, NATO has often used the radio station of the psychological warplane to attack Miloshevich, saying that he is only swollen enough fat, his military strength is not as strong as he claims, his army lacks a regular effectiveness. Training, etc..
Since March 24, 1999, the "NATO" headed by the United States has implemented a 78-day air raid bombing against Yugoslavia. In this war, EC-130 Commando Solo has played a huge role as a special combat aircraft.
Afghan War
"9.11" incident, the United States organizes the Taliban regime and the number one suspect, Laden and its "base" organization, From October 7, 2001, we won the Afghanistan and started a large-scale military blow.
During this period, in addition to the intensive force hit, the US military also hit the enemy and ordinary people, six EC-130 were sent to Afghanistan. Due to the Taliban authorities prohibited watching TV, local illiteracy is more, so radio has become the most important psychological warfare of the US military. There will be one or two EC-130 aircraft for almost every day, with an average of more than 10 hours, sometimes broadcast or even 24 hours a day.
EC-130 is flying over Afghanistan, immediately release a special mini equipment cabin, when this equipment cabin is about 300 feet, the sergeant takes out a micro disk. Insert a player similar to usual, then press the "Play" button to start broadcasting the special programs of Afghanistan: The first is the most important language of Afghanistan and the greetings of Pushoni. Four minutes later, the Arabic program officially started, and the target directly refers to the Arab armed personnel of the "base" organization. After the "Base" organized, the Arabic program was a patriarchal Afghan local music. The task control officer John Movement explained: "In the Taliban rule, many Afghan people have not heard of music for several years, so the earth Taliban armed people play music and will have a huge psychological shock effect. "
US military has 13 air broadcasts in Afghanistan. The program is divided into two sets. The first group is for the Taliban armed soldiers. The representative language is: "Be careful, the US bomb will fall on your window." EC-130 unit members have been 10,000 feet in the eastern part of Afghan On the high altitude, the Taliban armed soldiers were shouted with 850.0 MHz radio reception frequencies: "Taliban and the soldiers organized by Taliban and the Base ', you don't hide, we know where you are hiding, you are our fighting target!" The second group of Afghan General National National Guards: "The US military came here to destroy the terrorist organization and will not affect your life." In order to improve the audio, the US military also added music programs.
Iraq War
December 2002, in the case of no media, a psychological war against Iraq is started first. Many flyers are thrown in Iraq and tell the people what channel should be listened. The EC-130 aircraft is really responsible for broadcast. As an information propagation platform, EC-130 is responsible for broadcasting the Iraqi people 5 hours a day. In order to attract the audience, in the initial program, there is even an arab of Arab and the United States.
With the official outbreak of the war, the EC-130 aircraft also begins to adjust the content of the broadcast based on the process of war. On April 10, 2003, the next day after Baghdad fell, a new TV station - went to the free TV station to go to the Iraqi people to go to Bush President and Blair Prime Minister. Among them, EC-130 is responsible for broadcasting for 5 hours with Iraq's previous TV channels, and the remaining time is responsible by the US local and British colleges.
Although the US military was lacking in the quagmire of the Iraq war could not extricate, but the EC-130 aircraft in this war is unable to be ignored.
Haiti earthquake
In Haiti earthquake rescue in January 2010, EC-130J has played an important role. At that time, the situation in the Haiti disaster area was extremely confusing, and the "independent assault players" in Puerto Rico were stationed in the form of the "American Sound Dialect) to replay the" American Sound Dialect) on the spot of the mobile phone. Service announcement, giving the victims with many practical information.
"Odyssey Dawn" Air Racing Action
In March 2011, the Libyan leaders are weakened against Libya leaders in March 2011. Gaddafi's power, the multinational forces not only launched military blow to the Libyan government army, but also launched a psychological offensive to urge Gaddafi's supporters to turn against him. In addition to using flyers and broadcasters, the US military also dispatched a propaganda warboard.
US military official said that the US military is distributing a flyer to the Libyan government army, and also dispatched the propaganda warboard, and the Zi-Yian government army launched a broadcast offensive. It is reported that the US military calls on Gaddafi supporters "Don't follow Gaddafi's order", "Stop the battle", "Stop the battle", "Stop the battle", "Stop the battle", "Stop the battle", "Stop fighting".
is alleged that the US military dispatched the psychological warfare EC-130 Commando Solo to the Libyan government forces "broadcast" information, this modified "strong god" transporter is responsible for implementing the information warfare, psychology of the Libyan army Battle and broadcast amplitude, FM, high frequency radio, television and military communication band. US military officials acknowledged these means, indicating that they tell Libyans through English and Arabians to stop resistance and abandon the weapons. According to the information released by a Dutch radio enthusiast, the information content of the special combat aircraft broadcast of the US military is, in the British, US and other national army ships in the Libyan sea, a man is using English, French and Arabic attempt. Block Libya boat from going to the sea. The information said that "Libya vessels, ships must not leave the port", "the army of the Gaddafi regime violates the United Nations resolution designed to end the hostilities of my country (Libya). "If you try to leave Hong Kong, it will be immediately attacked and destroyed." "Based on your own safety, don't leave Hong Kong."
There is a problem
EC-130 despite the death of people, but there is a difficult problem - result evaluation. In humanitarian rescue, this problem is not obvious because it is easier to get statistics before and after broadcast. US Army Middle School, Weapon System official Mike Rice said that in Haiti earthquake rescue, "independent commanders" did play, in order to make the victims better received information, EC-130 airded a large number of radios to the disaster area, After issuing some important public service information, if the humanitarian material issuance changes, the victims can quickly row up their teams in the new distribution point. But in the war, the enemy is not willing to admit that the enemy is also unwilling to admit that the psychological war effect is difficult to assess, which is another reason why the psychological war is relatively low.