Beginning
In 1941, when Yuyao fell, the Pudong troops led by the Shanghai Party of the Communist Party of China crossed the Hangzhou Bay in batches, based on the Three Norths (Yuyao North, Cixi North, Zhenhai North). On February 1, 1941, Mao Zedong called Liu Shaoqi, Chen Yi, etc., and clearly pointed out: "As for East Zhejiang, that is, the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo triangle, our strength has always been weak. The guerrilla base was established in this area (based on the original minority armed forces in Songjiang and other places), and the Central Plains Bureau should pay attention to guiding the Shanghai Party." Liu Shaoqi and Chen Yi decided to make the Jiangnan District Party Committee Secretary Tan Zhenlin responsible for the work of opening up eastern Zhejiang according to the instructions of the central government. The Jiangnan District Party Committee instructed the Lunan Special Committee to immediately organize the armed forces of the Pudong Working Committee to advance to eastern Zhejiang. Since May 1941, the Pudong Songhu Fifth Detachment led by the Pudong Working Committee, a part of the Communist Party-controlled forces in the Thirteenth Division, Twenty-fifth Brigade and Fifty Regiment of the Puppet Army entered the Three North Enemies in Eastern Zhejiang in batches, and the Three North Office was established. , Initially opened up the anti-Japanese guerrilla base in eastern Zhejiang. In July 1942, the Eastern Zhejiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Mijiadai, Cixi, with Tan Qilong as its secretary. In August, the Three North Guerrilla Headquarters was established in Cixi Minghe Field, with He Kexi as the commander and Tan Qilong as the political commissar. The district party committee determined the work policy of "adhere to the three norths and develop four brights". In the Three Norths, through the three battles of Shushandu, Yanggedian, and Zhushanao, the Japanese arrogance was smashed, and then the Kuomintang's loyal and righteous national salvation army was aggressively attacked and counterattacked more than 2,000 soldiers. The first anti-stubborn self-defense struggle ended victoriously on December 15.
Development
In December 1942, the headquarters marched into Yaonanshan District. In April 1943, after 16 hours of fighting, the soldiers of the headquarters captured the Liangnong stronghold of the 1st Battalion, 37th Regiment, 10th Division of the enemy. In August of the same year, the Party Committee of the East Zhejiang District of the Communist Party of China and the Three-North Guerrilla Headquarters stationed in Liangnong. Since then, Liang Nong has become the command center of the party, government and army in the anti-Japanese base area in eastern Zhejiang. Later, the army and civilians were launched in Yuyao to carry out anti-clearance, anti-grain struggle, and three-north raids against the Japanese invaders, forcing the Japanese and puppet troops to abandon the "clearing of the countryside" and "cannibalization" plans in the Three Norths.
In October 1943, the 32nd Group Army of the Kuomintang Third Theater Command mobilized 30,000 troops in a vain attempt to eliminate the People’s Anti-Japanese Armed Forces in East Zhejiang. After the base area, the party, government, military and civilians fought back bravely and fought hard, smashing the conspiracy of the Kuomintang reactionaries. , Won the second victory in the anti-stubborn self-defense battle. So far, the base area has developed and grown, reaching the Jinhua Mountains in the south, Pudong area in Shanghai in the north, Zhoushan in the east, and the west side of the Zhe-Jiangxi line in the west. The anti-Japanese armed forces led by the party have also grown stronger and have grown from less than 1,000 people in the south of Pudong to more than 10,000 people.
When the Japanese invaders surrendered in August 1945, Ningshao area had a population of more than 4 million, except for the main cities and towns that had not been liberated. It became one of the 19 bases in the country during the Anti-Japanese War.
Adaptation
According to the order of the New Fourth Army, at the end of 1943, the East Zhejiang Anti-Japanese guerrilla armed forces were organized into the East Zhejiang Guerrilla Column of the New Fourth Army. In the winter of 1943 and the spring of 1944, the East Zhejiang guerrilla column of the New Fourth Army cooperated with the local armed forces to smash a large-scale "mopping up" of more than 1,000 men launched by the Japanese army in the Siming area. At dawn on June 7, 1944, a surprise attack on the Fourth Corps Headquarters of the Zhoushan Island Security Command, captured the puppet colonel Wei Wenda and Japanese advisor Ji Yongjiu Shouxiu Shaozuo. On August 25, a squadron of 68 people from the Haiphong Brigade fought a bloody battle with more than 500 Japanese and puppet troops on Dayushan Island for 7 hours, killing and wounding more than 100 enemies. After being outnumbered and running out of ammunition and food, with the exception of 26 people, more than 40 combatants died heroically. The heroic fighting of the soldiers and civilians of the Three Norths prevented the "cannibalization" of the Japanese army and created conditions for the base areas to turn into offensive operations.
In January 1944, the Three North Guerrilla Headquarters was renamed the New Fourth Army Zhedong Guerrilla Column Headquarters, with He Kexi as the commander and Tan Qilong as the political commissar. At the same time, the Provisional Administrative Committee of Eastern Zhejiang Behind Enemy Lines was established, with Lian Baisheng as the chairman. The East Zhejiang Anti-Japanese Base Area is divided into 4 administrative regions and governs 14 counties.
Notes
During the War of Resistance-New Fourth Army troops walked through a village in eastern Zhejiang (2 photos)
In July 1937, the Japanese invaders launched a full-scale war of aggression against China; August , The Japanese invaders launched the Battle of Songhu; in November, Shanghai fell; in December, Nanjing, Jiaxing, Huzhou, and Hangzhou fell successively. In order to resist Japan and save the country, after negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, they decided to reorganize the Red Army in Jiangnan into the New Fourth Army.In May 1938, the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China was re-established, with seven special committees under its jurisdiction: Ningshao, Taizhou, Southern Zhejiang, Chuzhou, Jinqu, Western Zhejiang, Fujian and Zhejiang.
In March 1939, Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, visited Shaoxing, Zhuji, and Jinhua successively to guide the anti-Japanese work of the party organizations in Zhejiang.
In January 1940, the Japanese invaders smuggled across the Qiantang River and occupied Xiaoshan; in October, the Japanese invaders occupied Zhuji for the first time, causing a series of tragedies, and were soon repelled by the national army.
In mid-April 1941, the Japanese invaders launched the Battle of East Zhejiang, occupied Shaoxing and Zhuji, and fought fierce battles with the national army for a month; at the same time, they occupied Wenzhou, Taizhou, Xiangshan, Zhenhai, Ningbo, Fenghua, Cixi, Yuyao, Shangyu. Wherever the Japanese invaders went, they caused countless tragedies. In mid-May, the national army successively recovered Wenzhou, Taizhou, and Zhuji. Other places became occupied areas. At this time, Mao Zedong and Zhu De instructed Liu Shaoqi and Chen Yi: The New Fourth Army should actively carry out the anti-Japanese guerrilla war in eastern Zhejiang. At that time, after several years of hard work in the Pudong area of Shanghai, the Pudong Anti-Japanese Base Area had been formed, and the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party had been established.
From May to September 1941, more than 900 people from the Pudong Anti-Japanese armed forces of the Communist Party of China crossed the Hangzhou Bay in batches and arrived in the Three North areas (Yaobei, Cibei, Zhenbei), and then joined the East Zhejiang party organization. After getting in touch, he was victorious in the Xianggong Hall of Yaobei, won the first battle and gained a firm foothold; in October, the Three North Anti-Japanese Base was formally formed.
In February 1942, the Zhejiang Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Special Committee of Quzhou were sabotaged due to a report by a traitor. In mid-May, the Japanese invaders launched the Zhegan Campaign. Zhuji, Xinchang, Shengxian, Yiwu, Dongyang, Pujiang, Jinhua, Lanxi, Quzhou, Jiangshan, Wenzhou, and Lishui were successively occupied. All along the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Railway were ravaged by Japanese invaders. Soon, Zhubei appeared the eighth squadron of the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party; in Yixi appeared the eighth corps of the anti-Japanese armed forces led by the Communist Party.
From June to July 1942, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China instructed Tan Qilong, He Kexi, and Gu Dehuan to lead more than 200 anti-Japanese armed forces in Pudong to cross the Three North Base and formally establish the Party Committee of the Eastern Zhejiang District of the Communist Party; the anti-Japanese armed forces in the base formally Formed into the third and fifth teams. At the same time, the third detachment sent more than 200 people, led by Cai Qunfan, to cross the Cao'e River, cross the Huiji Mountain, and enter Zhubei, and joined the local anti-Japanese armed forces to form the "March 8th Army", which opened up the Zhubei Anti-Japanese Base.
In September 1942, the Party Committee of the Eastern Zhejiang District of the Communist Party of China made the decision to "adhere to the Three Norths, develop Siming Mountain, and control Kuaiji Mountain" in the face of the sinister struggle of the Three Norths. From October to December, the fifth detachment fought against the Japanese puppets in the Three North Base, and the third detachment began to advance into the Siming Mountains; the "38th Troops" were also transferred to Siming Mountain to participate in the war, and Zhubei organized the "Little Three". Eight troops". At the same time, Yixi's eighth brigade has developed to Jindong, Punan, and Lanbei, forming the Jinyipu Lan anti-Japanese base.
In April 1943, the third detachment captured Liangnong, the important town of Yaonan; in August, the party, government and military organs of East Zhejiang moved into Liangnong, and the Siming Mountain Anti-Japanese Base was formally formed. Since then, it has become the command center of the entire East Zhejiang struggle against Japan. At the same time, the Zhedong District Party Committee sent some personnel back to the Pudong base area and formed the Pudong Detachment; it also instructed the Eighth Group to mobilize forces and advance to Zhunan, Yibei, and Dongyang, forming the Brave Group, and opening up the Zhuyidong Anti-Japanese Base.
In October 1943, the Kuomintang established a headquarters on the rooftop to cooperate with the Japanese and puppet forces' "sweep" and mobilize the army to "encircle and suppress" the Three North and Siming Mountain bases. In December, the Zhedong District Party Committee sent Yang Siyi, Cai Qunfan, and Zhong Fazong to lead some of the forces of the third detachment, and once again marched into Kuaiji Mountain, joining some of the forces of the Zhubei Xiao 38 troops, some of the forces of the Jinyi Pulan Eighth Brigade, and Zhuyidong. Part of the force of the brigade formed the Jinxiao Prefectural Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Jinxiao Detachment.
On January 8, 1944, the East Zhejiang Column of the New Fourth Army led by the Party Committee of the East Zhejiang District of the Communist Party of China was formally established in Liangnong. The third detachment, the fifth detachment, the Pudong detachment, the Jinxiao detachment, and the Three North detachment were formally established. There are more than 3,600 people in the Siming Corps, Directly-affiliated Brigade, Guard Brigade, and Haiphong Brigade, commander He Kexi, and political commissar Tan Qilong.
In January 1944, the Kuomintang's recalcitrant army stepped up the "encirclement and suppression" of the Siming Mountain base area; the Japanese and puppet forces also stepped up the "mopping up" of Siming Mountain Liangnong and other places. The situation in eastern Zhejiang was very dangerous. The Zhedong Column moved to the Fenghui area of Shangyu, crossed the Cao'e River west, and joined the Jinxiao Detachment who had come for reinforcements to attack the enemy. In February, the Zhedong party, government and military organs and the third detachment were transferred to Sanbei, the fifth detachment insisted on fighting in Siming Mountain, and the Jinxiao detachment returned to Zhuji to fight.
From March to April, the Jinxiao Detachment was continuously "encircled and suppressed" by the Kuomintang's recalcitrant army and the Wang Puppet army in Zhunan, Zhubei, and Yibei. Lan, Zhuyidong, and Zhubei scattered for battle. In May, the main force of the Jinxiao Detachment defeated the Wang Puppet Army in Mochengwu, Zhubei, and reversed the situation in the Jinxiao area. At the same time, the Zhedong District Party Committee transferred part of the Fifth Detachment and the Haiphong Brigade to form the Haibei Detachment to fight in Hangzhou Bay.
In June, the Japanese invaders launched the second battle of Zhejiang and Jiangxi; in August, the Japanese invaders launched the Battle of Liwen, and Lishui, Wenzhou, and Fuzhou fell successively. In order to preserve its strength, the Kuomintang hurriedly withdrew its troops from Siming Mountain, and the defense of eastern Zhejiang ended. At the same time, the East Zhejiang District Party Committee formed the Shengxinfeng Brigade and opened up the Shengxinfeng guerrilla base.
From August to October, the Sanbei, Simingshan, and Jinxiao regions fought against grain grabbing and won all-round victory. From October to December, the Jinxiao Detachment smashed the six counties of the Kuomintang army in Zhubei, Zhuyidong, and Jinyipulan to "encircle and suppress" six counties. At the same time, the Pudong Detachment also fought against "mopping up" and "encirclement and suppression" and was renamed Songhu Detachment.
In January 1945, in accordance with the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and Mao Zedong's strategic policy on opening up the major base areas in Southern Jiangsu, Southern Anhui, Western Zhejiang, Eastern Zhejiang, Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi, Su Yu led the Southern Jiangsu New Fourth Army to the south and rendezvous with Tianmu Mountain. The New Fourth Army of Western Zhejiang Province, and the New Fourth Army in Changxing County was established. The Jiangsu-Zhejiang Military Region: The New Fourth Army in West Zhejiang is the first column with more than 8,300 personnel; the New Fourth Army in East Zhejiang is the second column with more than 7,000 personnel; the New Fourth Army in Southern Jiangsu is the third column with 8,000 personnel. More people. In April, the New Fourth Army of the Soviet Union and China also marched southward, forming the fourth column, with more than 6,000 people.
At the same time, the congress of all walks of life in Eastern Zhejiang was held in Liangnong, and the Eastern Zhejiang Administrative Office was established to unify the leadership of the Sanbei, Siming, Jinxiao, Songhu and other bases, and opened up the Puxi base. The Jinxiao Detachment defeated the Japanese and puppet troops who were looting food at Yulu Mountain in Zhubei, and was then ordered to be transferred to Siming Mountain and incorporated into the third detachment. The Jinxiao Prefectural Committee of the Chinese Communist Party also transferred some of the armed forces from Zhubei, Jinyipulan, and Zhuyidong. Strength, form a new Jinxiao detachment. In order to welcome the New Fourth Army in western Zhejiang, the Jinxiao Detachment transferred some of its forces to the border area of Zhuxiaofu and Tongpu, together with the local party organization, to open up the Luxi Anti-Japanese Base.
In May, Zeng Ruqing led some of the troops in the fourth column. More than 1,700 people set off from Xiaofeng County and marched towards the Jinxiao area. Tan Qilong and Cai Qunfan led part of the third detachment to depart from Liangnong and reach Zhubei, where they would meet the alloy Xiao detachment, enter Luxi, wipe out the stubborn army on the Fuchun River, and greet the fourth column on the east crossing, opening up the western and eastern Zhejiang. The passage of the large base area, the Luxi base area also rapidly expanded. In June, the Japanese and puppet troops jointly besieged the Tianmu Mountain area, and the fourth column was ordered to return to western Zhejiang to participate in the defense of western Zhejiang.
At the same time, the third and fifth detachments of the East Zhejiang Column joined forces to defeat the main force of the stubborn army and liberate Fenghui, the county seat of Shangyu. Soon after, the party, government and military agencies of East Zhejiang moved to the county seat of Shangyu and opened up The Shaosheng base area was formed, and the three base areas of Sanbei, Siming, and Jinxiao were connected together. Subsequently, the fourth detachment of the East Zhejiang Column was formed in the Shengxinfeng base area; more than 1,000 members of the Kuomintang army Zhang Jun was promoted to the uprising and joined the East Zhejiang Column of the New Fourth Army. Most of the forces in the fourth column, more than 5,000 people set off from Xiaofeng County, once again marched into the Fuchun River; at the same time, Cai Qunfan and Peng Lin led part of the third detachment and Jinxiao detachment to march west. In early August, the western and eastern Zhejiang forces broke through the recalcitrant army and once again successfully joined forces; then, while sweeping the Japanese and puppet recalcitrant troops in the Luxi area, they advanced into the Jinyi Pulan area and attacked the local Japanese and puppet recalcitrant troops. In mid-August, the fourth column was ordered to return to the Tianmu mountain area to engage in a strategic counterattack against the Japanese invaders.
Beginning in mid-August, the third and fifth detachments began to counterattack in the Sanbei area and conquered more than 20 strongholds; the fourth detachment and Zhang Junsheng also launched a counterattack in the Siming area to regain large tracts of land; The Jinxiao Detachment launched a full-scale counterattack in Zhubei, Zhuyidong, Jinyipulan, and Luxi areas to recover lost soil; Songhu Detachment counterattacked in Pudong and Puxi at the same time, conquered many strongholds, and liberated Nanhui County.
From May 1941 to August 1945, the East Zhejiang column of the New Fourth Army was in Pudong, Sanbei, Simingshan, Zhubei, Jinyipulan, Zhuyidong, Shengxinfeng, Luxi, Shao In Sheng and other areas, 643 battles were carried out, 110 strongholds were conquered, nearly 10,000 Japanese puppet troops were wiped out, and two county towns (Shangyu and Nanhui) were liberated. The New Fourth Army in East Zhejiang has grown from weak to strong, from less than 100 people to more than 10,000; the base area has grown from a corner of Pudong to more than 20,000 square kilometers in East Zhejiang, with a population of more than 4 million, making it one of the 19 anti-Japanese base areas in the country.
In 1945, on September 2, Japan signed a letter of unconditional surrender, and the Second World War ended. The military and civilians in the eastern Zhejiang base celebrated the victory, but the Kuomintang government mobilized its army to attack all parts of the south of the Yangtze River, and the Wang Puppet Army was also reorganized into the national army. On September 14, 1945, the Japanese army left Zhuji, and the national army occupied Zhuji on the same day. Cities such as Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Quzhou, Jinhua, Taizhou, Wenzhou, and Fuzhou were all occupied by the national army.
During this period, the East Zhejiang Column of the New Fourth Army continued to adjust its strategic deployment in accordance with instructions from superiors. First, it was prepared to cooperate with the Jiangsu-Zhejiang Military Region to capture large cities such as Nanjing, Shanghai, and Hangzhou; then it was decided to divide the troops into two divisions, one part sticking to eastern Zhejiang, and the other part going south to join the southern Zhejiang forces; finally the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided that the troops in eastern Zhejiang, southern Jiangsu, and southern Anhui The main force of the New Fourth Army withdrew north. In late September, the Zhedong District Party Committee of the Communist Party of China held an emergency meeting in Fenghui, Shangyu, to arrange the northward withdrawal. Subsequently, the "Reluctant to Say Goodbye to the Brothers and Sisters in East Zhejiang" was released.
In early October, the New Fourth Army’s Zhedong Column Party, Government and Military Organizations, Third Detachment, Fourth Detachment, Fifth Detachment, Jinxiao Detachment, Zhang Junsheng’s Division, and local troops, totaling more than 15,000 people, were from Yuyao , Cixi and other places crossed the Hangzhou Bay north, breaking through the massive siege of the national army. In mid-October, the troops from all directions joined together in Qingpu; in late October, they crossed the Yangtze River one after another and entered the Soviet base. In early November, the troops continued to march northward; in mid-November, they arrived in the Soviet Union