LifeofCharacters
ArthurCayley(1821～1895):TheleaderofthemodernschoolofpuremathematicsinBritain.BorninRichmond,SurreyonAugust16,1821,anddiedinCambridgeonJanuary26,1895.SinceIwasyoungIliketosolvecomplexmathematicalproblems.EnteredtheTrinityCollegeofCambridgeUniversityin1839,withexcellentgradesinGreek,French,German,Italianandmathematics.Hegraduatedin1842andworkedatTrinityCollegeforthreeyearsaftergraduation,andbeganhislifelongmathematicsresearch.Becausehedidnotcontinuetobeemployedanddidnotwanttoholdthepriesthood(thiswasanecessaryconditionforcontinuinghismathematicscareerinCambridge),hejoinedtheLincolnLawSocietyin1846andbecamealawyerin1849.Hebecamealawyerforthenext14years.,Whilecontinuingtostudymathematics.Duetochangesinuniversityregulations,hewasappointedthefirstSadlerProfessorofPureMathematicsatCambridgeUniversityin1863untilhisdeath.Hehaspublishedover900papersinhislifetime,includingonnon-Euclideangeometry,linearalgebra,grouptheory,andhigh-dimensionalgeometry.
PersonalAchievements
Kelley’smaincontributionistoworkwithJ.J.Sylvestertocreatethealgebraictheory,whichtogetherlaidthefoundationforthetheoryofalgebraicinvariants.Heisthefounderofmatrixtheory.Healsomadeimportantcontributionstotheunifiedstudyofgeometry.GloriaplayedabigroleinpersuadingCambridgeUniversitytoacceptfemalestudents.HewasthepresidentoftheCambridgePhilosophicalSociety,theLondonMathematicalSociety,andtheRoyalAstronomicalSociety.
In1896,theGermanmathematicianF.KleingaveaseriesoflecturesonthemathematicaltheoryofgyrosinPrinceton,USA.BasedontheworkofGloria,heusedfourindependentparameterstodescribetheairandangularpositionofthegyro.ThismethodofdescribingthepositionofarigidbodyislatercalledtheKaiCai-KeCaiYinparametermethod.
Kailaisaveryproductivemathematician.Hehasresearchedthetheoryoflinearalgebra,vectorandtensoranalysis,andthepropertiesofhigher-ordercurves.Hehaswrittenabout900mathematicspapers.Hismathematicspaperscoveralmostallfieldsofpuremathematics,collectedinthe14-volumeCollectionofEssaysonGloriaMathematics,andheistheauthorofthebook"MonographonEllipticFunctions".