guidelines
"Yew new chapter" is the guiding ideology of "Policy and State Affairs, and for the government must obtain funding . "The so-called" the Policy "is to establish a political system, the development of platforms; the so-called" take-capital ", that is to act according to the prevailing objective situation. Rengan based on the realities of the rapid development of the revolutionary situation of world capitalism and the reversal of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the West proposed study, to promote trade with other countries, learn from advanced Western science and technology, advocate for the protection of private property, the development of capitalist industry and commerce, with capitalism supplanted feudalism and so on, Hong Xiuquan get approval. Reform capitalism has certain properties, in order to consolidate political power of farmers, the "peace unified country for thousands of years."
ideological source
"Yew new chapter" in the reflected distinctive features of capitalism and modern advanced concepts, its main source of ideas can be divided into three parts.
One of Rengan itself Seeking. Rengan in "Yew new chapter" in the list of his friends of 23 people in the West, most prolific learned scholar, and Rengan itself is also baptized in 1853 from the priest, he became a formal Christ who, during his contact with a large number of Western ideas, knowledge and unique missionary "Christian concept of civilization," these are his "Yew new chapter" marked by distinctive "Christian modernization" of the brand, is "Yew new articles "core source of content and ideas.
Second, the author Rengan exile in Hong Kong experience. In 1853, Rengan arrived in Hong Kong was a British colony, he personally contacted the British rule in Hong Kong's political, judicial system, social and economic situation as well as partial "Westernization" of the cultural life of Western capitalism, in under this environment, Rengan gained a deeper experience and understanding of the social system of the West, cultural knowledge, provides a template for the later political vision "Yew new chapter" in the proposed, many Hong Kong's system, management there are different levels of expression, there was the shadow of Hong Kong's system and even for the office setting, "Yew new chapter," as in "Yew new chapter" in.
The third is related to the time of some of the literature. Rengan in Hong Kong and Shanghai have the opportunity to come into contact with missionaries and Chinese newspapers and books out missionaries after 1811, also had extensive contacts with the relevant books published in China, these books are written, "Yew new Rengan articles "provide a source of ideas. Yew new chapter in the loss of human thought police, there is reference to patent ideas, borrow books and traces of that time.
Books content
"Yew new chapter" paper is divided into four parts: First, the loss of human observation, it is strictly prohibited Peng rape; Rengan author believes that "the Policy and State Affairs "" whenever necessary, examine the situation and the line. " The key governance legislation, the employer is to try. "Employer" there is a "loss of human observation class" that "the disadvantages ban clique" and oppose "an alliance with the Party of thing." Second, get rid of corrupt practices, such as foot-and women of good and bad military and other ceremonial Bin trivial, to promote the gospel truth; Third, the introduction of the new socio-economic policy, follow the example of Western countries; Fourth, the new criminal justice system. First, "being to mark the hearts of mankind, such as Tsunatsune London discipline, parenting ceremony, the legislation should prevail Yan." Secondly, who pointed out that the legislation was to "temper" have a certain knowledge, to understand the situation at home and abroad. Stressed: "The state with the rule of law first, in order to comply with the rule of law is to be, then have to comply with the rule of law initiative, then there are national legal system." ( "Rengan anthology", page 27.) The face of "political thing different," the situation, Rengan to rebuild the rule of law to raise the height of the rise and fall of the country at the time was of profound significance. Advocate the use of the new penal system requirements "treat lightly made, should give food livery, the road repair street channel" ' "incentives and economic"; sin when the dead hang with the big frame, to abolish torture. The third is where the center of the whole chapter, Rengan lists recommendations to emulate Western capitalist system twenty-eight. There are:
There are political aspects: First, to strengthen the central leadership, "arrogant to small, from top to bottom, right under one head"; Second, set up town officials Pu Township soldiers; Third, the provinces set independent status, "press officer", the admission of foreign newspapers were paid to prepare the King of reading; Fourth, the establishment of provincial, county, municipal and county libraries Zenitani company (tax authority); It is strictly forbidden corruption; VI, prohibiting private door please Ye, Maiguanyujue eliminate the disadvantages; seven, the creation of "sinners not offspring," a system of punishment only; eight, pay attention to opinions of the masses, a quasi sell news papers (newspapers) or set a dark cabinet (suggestion boxes and the like), the "popular public discussion "," bottom-up by the public to win, "do" up and down through love, no harm congestion get those "
economic aspects: First, the development of transport. Build trains, ships, construction of provincial, county (fairly clear system of government, province or state), counties, towns, villages Avenue, organize street, dredging, in order to facilitate traveling and Xing Zhou Ji; Second, the national postal kiosk set up, for postal; Third, the development of mining production, mining gold, silver, copper, iron, tin and other minerals and salt and other modern advocates "Xing treasure", "Xing utensils skills"; Fourth, building water conservancy projects; V. advocate for the protection of private property to encourage private investment, technological invention award; six start-up bank and insurance business. Also introduced international trend, emphasizing the superiority of the Western capitalist system, praised the UK was "the strongest of the state, the law also good"; the United States "Honesty and rich." Mentioned Germany, France, Russia and other countries, the proposed free trade with other countries, equality exchanges allow foreign priests and technical personnel to China to teach scientific and technical knowledge, but are not allowed to interfere with the internal affairs of the kingdom of heaven.
social aspects are: First, the establishment of the People's Idea Society to save trapped distress and handle education and other things, and set up shop news, current affairs reporting prices; Second, the creation of the hospital; Third, the hospital set up lame blind deaf-mute , widows and the needy homes and foundling: Fourth, the ban temples, monasteries and acting repair Zhai Jian wine, "leather yin and yang eight evil absurd," "burning to all the confusion the people, says," opposed to the traditional superstition; V. prohibit idle, worthless; VI. prohibition of alcohol and "all raw and cooked yellow smoke opium"; VII prohibits infanticide, trafficking in persons and the use of slaves, "quasi-employees asked people to the rich"; eight houses should be "strong high wide" "Founder" ' "not carved carved clever , toward the temple and palace class' '' do not have Zhixin Feng shui. "
advanced
"Yew new chapter" is the development of capitalism in China program advanced Chinese people originally proposed, or is China's first modernization program. Politically, it stands for "rule by law", the direct election of public opinion and government officials, made his initial idea of democracy and legal system. Economically, it encourages the development of industry and commerce, technological invention award, to promote the insurance industry. Culture and ideology, it opposes superstition, to promote the new education. Diplomatically, it advocates freedom of movement, equality and mutual benefit.
limitations
"Yew new chapter" is not mentioned powers invaded China, reflecting the author's understanding of fuzzy; not the development of capitalism and the abolition of the feudal system link, will not its proposed political program linked to the reality of the struggle of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, although the product is not produced but Taiping peasant class in the meantime, the lack of practice of social, economic, ideological and class conditions, coupled with the environmental impact of war, ultimately failed to implement.
About the Author
Rengan is Zudi Hong Xiuquan, it was one of the earliest followers of God Worship. When Jintian uprising, the uprising did not catch because of the missionary team, turn back to Guangdong. To escape the Qing government to kill, to Hong Kong in 1852, trying to understand Western culture and religion, and make a number of missionaries, where he received some ideas of Western capitalism. Left Hong Kong in 1858, was removed to Tianjing, by Hong Xiuquan attention, Tianjing after the chaos, he has been called the king of dry, prime minister nationwide political affairs.
After Rengan Prime Minister affairs of state, see the Taiping government Huan people scattered serious situation, determined to save the crisis through reforms to create a "peace dominate the landscape for thousands of years," the "new heaven, new earth, new New World. " To this end, in 1859 (Xianfeng nine) in winter, he proposed a reform in the internal affairs of the country and building a new program - "Yew new chapter."
Collection Museum
1859 Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864) dry Wang Rengan (1822-1864, Guangdong spent County) policy agenda compiled the "Yew new chapter." Now a national heritage collection, the collection in the first National Congress of the memorial site of the Communist Party of China.