Basicinformation
Conceptinterpretation
Academicqualificationsandtitles
ThequalificationsrecognizedbytheNationalEducationSeriesareinhighereducationTherearefourlevelsofcollege,undergraduate,masteranddoctoralstudents.Fromtheacademicseries,itmainlyincludessixaspects:college,undergraduate,secondbachelor'sdegree,graduateclass(discontinued),master'sanddoctoralstudents.Inaddition,Therearegeneraluniversityclassesheldingeneraluniversitiesfrom1970to1976.Thestaterecognizestheacademiccertificatesissuedbyordinaryinstitutionsofhigherlearning(includingscientificresearchunitsthattraingraduatestudents),adultinstitutionsofhigherlearning,andprivateeducationalinstitutionsthathavethequalificationstoholdacademiceducationapprovedbythenationaleducationauthority.Inaddition,passtheself-studyexamination,theself-studyexaminationgraduationcertificateissuedbytheself-studyexaminationcommitteeauthorizedbytheSelf-studyExaminationCommitteeoftheStateCouncil,andthefull-timegeneralclasssetupinpartyschools,adultcolleges,andmilitarycollegeswiththeapprovalofthenationaleducationauthorityofChinaThegraduationcertificateobtainedbythestudentsstudyinginmiddleschool,thegraduationcertificateissuedbytheacademicdiplomaexaminationschool,thegraduationcertificateissuedbythehigheracademiceducationheldbyordinarycollegesanduniversitiesintheformofdistanceeducation,andthe"InterimRegulationsontheAdministrationofAcademicCertificatesoftheChinesePeople'sLiberationArmy"》Thestatealsorecognizestheacademiccertificatesissued.
Theterm"educationalqualifications"hasbeenfrequentlyexposedduringthisyear.Somepeoplehavefooledtheworldinthenameofacademicqualifications,suchasthe"educationalqualificationsgate"thatwasheatedupsometimeago;somepeopleseemtohavepassedtheacademicqualifications."Poison"meansmorethanlifeandendlessqualifications,suchas"SisterEducation".Itshouldbesaidthatintheeraofbasicallyeradicatingilliteracy,everyonewillhaveanacademicqualification,whichisuniversalandnotworthmentioning,butthelevelofacademicqualificationsandthegoldencontentofacademicqualificationshidemystery.So,thequestionis-inasocietywithfiercecompetitionfortalents,howmuchweightdoesacademicqualificationsoccupyinpersonal"capital"?Whileeveryoneis"crazy"foracademicqualifications,noteveryoneknowswhatexactlyisthepurposeofpursuinganacademicqualification?
Canacademicqualificationschangefate?
Yes
Doestheworkplaceemphasizeacademicqualificationsorexperience?
Experience
Confusion:Doeseducationchangefate?
Change
Thefollowingstorymaybringananswer.Aftergraduatingfromtechnicalsecondaryschoolin2002,XiaocaiworkedasateacherinanordinarykindergarteninGuangzhouandcontinuedtotakecollegecoursesonthejob.Aftergraduatingin2004,heresignedandenteredacompany.In2005,shecontinuedtoapplyforundergraduatestudies.Aftergraduatingin2007,shewasadmittedtopostgraduate.Aftergraduatingfrompostgraduate,shewasadmittedbytheEducationBureauofacertainplaceinGuangdong.FromthekindergartenteachertotheEducationBureau,thefateofXiaocaiisindeedamagnificenttransformationbroughtaboutbytheadvancementofacademicqualificationstooutsiders.OnlyXiaocaiknowsthatitisbynomeansapieceofeducationthatmakesherlifechange."It'snotthatacademicqualificationschangedme,whatreallychangedmylifeexperience."Xiaocaisaid."Intheprocessofstudyingforadegree,Ihaveseenmoredifferentpeopleandthings,andmymoodandoutlookonlifehavechangedasaresult."Andlookingback,from2002tothepresent,XiaoCaisaidthatwhenIwasakindergartenteacher,Icanearntwotothreethousandyuan.Later,IfoundthatjobwhenIgraduatedfromacollege.Theprobationperiodwasonly800yuan.Igraduatedwithabachelor'sdegreein2007.Itisnotdifficulttofindasimilarjob.Therefore,thelevelofacademicqualificationsisnotdirectlyproportionaltoincomeandjobopportunities.
Education=learningexperience
ThewriterBoBonnisaid,"Ineverthinkacademicqualificationsareimportant.Geniusisnotasubject,butit’snot.Youcan'tgetawaywiththedisciplinesandthetricks."Thewordsshowthetruepositionofacademicqualificationsintherealsociety.
"Educationisasteppingstone,butitisnotabumper,butafacade,butifthereisnorealtalent,itwillbecomeafakearchway,whichwillonlymakeoneselfmoreguilty."saidMr.WangfromauniversityinGuangzhou."Especiallysomestudentswhograduatedfromprestigiousschoolssometimesfeelliketheyhaveaswollenfacetofillupthefat.Ontheonehand,theyfeelthattheyhavetomatchthebrandoftheiralmamater,buttheothersidealsoknowswhethertheyhaveworkedhardforfouryears.,Onthecontrary,heisthebeststudentataprestigiousschool,themorelikelyheistobelost."
XiaoCaialsodeeplyunderstandsfromherownschoolexperiencethatgettingadegreebyonepersonisasummaryofastageinlife.Butitdoesnotendhere.Onthecontrary,intheyearstocome,morelifeexperiencesandachievementswillbeusedtoverifywhethertheyareworthyofthisdegree.
Whetheritisanundergraduate,postgraduateordoctoraldegree,thefocusofacademicqualificationsliesintheexperienceoflearning,andyoumustlearntobeabletohavetheability.TeacherWangbelievesthatChineseuniversitiesshouldchangethesituationof"strictentryandlenientexit".Beingstrictcangivestudentsmoreopportunitiesforbuffering,learning,internship,andsocialpractice,andtheycangraduallymasterthelawsofsocietyduringtheirstudies.
Controversy:What'stheuseof7diplomas?
Somemediabrokethatasecond-yeargraduatestudentnamedWangLifromtheSchoolofEducationofCentralChinaNormalUniversityreceived3collegediplomas,3undergraduatediplomasand1master'sdegree,atotalof7collegediplomas,ifpossibleinthefuture,shewouldliketocontinueherPh.D.Shequicklybecamepopular,andshewascalled"academicsister".
Thedebateamongnetizensalsoarisesfromthis-thesupportersbelievethat"Sisterwithacademicqualificationssaidthatsheisdedicatedtoimprovingherpersonalquality,andthatherstudiesareallrelatedtoeducation.Nowshecancalmdownanddevoteherselftostudying.Therearetoofewpeople.Isupportmysister!"Opponentsbelievethatsocialpracticalexperienceismoreimportantthanacademicqualifications."Somanycertificatesarejustapieceofpaperintheeyesofmanycorporatebosses,andthereisnoactualcombatexperience."
ChenXi,acareerconsultant,believesthatifitisrelatedtohiscareerdevelopment,notblindly.Foracademicqualificationstotestforacademicqualifications,somanyacademicqualificationscannotbeoverstated,andtheyarealluseful.
CitizensofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,regardlessofgender,age,ethnicity,race,oreducationallevel,cantaketheself-studyexaminationinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheStateCouncil’s"InterimRegulationsonSelf-studyExaminationsforHigherEducation".Highereducationself-studyexaminationshavebecomethelargestopenformofhighereducationinChina.HistoricalevolutionChina'shighereducationself-studyexaminationsystemwasbrewedinthelate1970sandestablishedinthe20thcenturywithabachelor'sdegreecertificate
intheearly1980s.From1981to1982,highereducationself-studyexamswerepilotedinBeijing,Tianjin,ShanghaiandLiaoningProvince,andtheywerepromotednationwidein1983.Morethan20yearshavepassed.Inthesetwodecades,greatachievementshavebeenmadeandrapiddevelopmenthasbeenachieved.OnMay8,2010,atthe3rdHubeiProvinceSelf-studyCampusCulturalFestivalheldinWuhan,thepersoninchargeintroducedintheopeningspeechthattheself-studyexamisauniversitywithoutwalls.Brilliantachievements:Atotalof210millionpeopletookself-studyexamsnationwide;54.2millionpeopleregisteredforacademiceducationand9.2milliongraduatedstudents;29millionpeopleregisteredfornon-academiceducation,andabout10millionpeoplereceivedvariousnon-academiccertificates.1.Hasaconsiderablescale.InadditiontoTaiwanProvince,30provinces,autonomousregions,andmunicipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernmenthaveimplementedhigher-levelcanonformstoaddressthenatureofhighereducationself-examination,tasks,examinationinstitutions,examinationmajors,examinationmethods,examinationregistrationmanagement,socialassistance,completionfunds,rewardsandThesampleoftheinnerpageoftheself-studygraduationcertificate
hasmadeclearregulations,makingtheself-studyexaminationsystemofhighereducationalegalsysteminChina.2.Strengthentheguidanceandsupervisionofindividualself-studyandsocialassistance,promotethedevelopmentofsocialassistance,andactivelyplayitsroleasaformofeducation.3.Managementhasbeenstrengthenedtograduallystandardizeandimproveexamregistration,examadministration,examstandards,andquestionsetting,andexamresearchhasbeengraduallylaunched.4.Broadenthefunction.Inadditiontohighereducationself-studyexams,self-studyexamsfortechnicalsecondaryschoolswerealsolaunched.Inaddition,ithasalsocarriedoutforeignlanguagesinglesubjectproficiencyexaminations,professionalcertificateexaminations,andpilotnationaldiplomaexaminationsforhighereducationheldbysocialforces.Atthesametime,itisalsoactivelyopeningexaminationsforruralmajorsanddevelopingforeigncooperationandexchanges.Atpresent,thehighereducationself-studyexaminationsystemhasbeenrelativelyfullydeveloped.Asahighereducationself-studyexamwithalargescale,widescope,multiplelevels,completefunctions,acompleteorganizationalsystem,aunifiedstandardandstandardizedsystem,andacoordinatedmanagementsystem,ithasoccupiedanimportantpositionintheChineseeducationsystemandhasbecomeageneralhighereducation,Anewformofhighereducationthatcannotbereplacedbyadulthighereducation
Maindifferences
Therearetwotypesofprivatecollegegraduationcertificates:oneisthegraduationcertificateofthediplomaexamination,whichisstipulatedintheprofessionalexaminationplanPassallexaminations,passtheinternship,experiment,graduationthesis(design),passtheappraisal,andbeallowedtograduate.Theself-examinationcommitteeandthecollegewherethecandidatesarestudyingwilljointlyissueagraduationcertificate;oneisthegraduationcertificateoftheself-studyexam,whichisdeterminedbytheself-studyexamAwardedbythecommitteeandtheexaminationinstitution.Bothofthesediplomasarenationallyrecognizedacademicqualifications.Afterpassingeachundergraduatecourse,theyalsohaveabachelor'sdegree.
Thediplomaexaminationisanationalqualificationexaminationorganizedbythestateforprivatecollegestudentswhodonothavethequalificationstoissuediplomas.Itischaracterizedbyacombinationofschoolrunningandnationalexaminations,leniententryandstrictexit,andseparationofteachingandexamination.Full-timehigherschooleducation.Theself-studyexaminationisanationalexaminationofhighereducationforself-studentswithacademicqualificationsasthemainform.Itisacombinationofindividualself-study,socialassistanceandnationalexaminations.Thespecificdifferencesbetweenadiplomaandaself-examinationdiplomaareasfollows:
1.Ofallthecoursesofthediploma,onethirdofthecoursesparticipateinthenationalexamination,onethirdintheprovincialexamination,andonethirdintheschoolorganization.Examination;allcoursesofself-studyexaminationareorganizedbythestate.Two-thirdsofthecoursesofthetwoarethesame,buteachmajorofthediplomahasabout4moresubjectsthantheself-studyofthesamemajor.
2.Thestampsaredifferent.Aswehavementionedabove,thegraduationcertificateoftheacademicdiplomaisstampedbytheprovincialexaminationcommitteeandtheinstitutionwhereyouarestudying;theself-examinationcertificateisstampedbytheprovincialexaminationcommitteeandthemainexaminationinstitution.Bothofthemhavetwostamps,buttheunitscoveredaredifferent.Therefore,theself-examinationdiplomawillhaveahighergoldcontent,andmoreandmoreemployerspreferself-examinationgraduates.Theythinkthattheself-examinationgraduateshavehighprofessionalskillsandabilities.Strong,nomoistureinthediploma.
3.Thedegreeofrecognitionisdifferent.Theself-studydiplomaisfamousoverseas.Universitiesin26countriesincludingtheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,Canada,andSoutheastAsiarecognizemycountry’sself-studygraduationcertificate,andthethresholdofthepreviousundergraduatedegreehasbeenloweredtothecurrentjuniorcollegedegreebeforeyoucanapplyforstudyabroad.Inourcountry,self-examinationcandidatescanstudyattheuniversitiesofthesedesignatedcountrieswithouttakingtheself-examinationandpassingcourses,andself-examinationgraduatescandirectlystudyforadegree.Thediplomaofdiplomaisnotrecognizedabroad.Candidatesneedtotaketheentranceexaminationofforeignuniversitiesandpassbeforetheycanstudyforadegree.
CertificateManagement
Generalhighereducationdiplomasaredividedintothreetypes:graduationcertificate,completioncertificateandundergraduatecertificate.Theacademiccertificateisissuedto:graduatestudents,undergraduates,juniorcollegestudents,secondbachelor'sdegreestudents,TVuniversities,correspondenceuniversities,andeveningcollegestudentswhoareincludedinthegeneralhighereducationenrollmentplan.
Before1993,themanagementofgeneralhighereducationdiplomaswasnotconsistentacrossthecountry.Someprovinces,cities,autonomousregionsandministriesuniformlyprintormanagetheacademiccertificatesoftheircollegesanduniversities,whileothersprintormanagethembythemselves.Duetothelackofuniformrequirementsforrelatedwork,andtheexistenceofsomemanagementloopholes,someschool-runningunitsviolatednationalpoliciestorunschoolsindiscriminatelyandissuediplomasindiscriminately,whichaffectedthequalityofhighereducationandsocialreputation.Ontheotherhand,objectively,criminalsaregivenanopportunitytoforgeandsellgeneralhighereducationdiplomas.
Since1993,generalhighereducationdiplomashavebeenmanagedbythestate,province(autonomousregion,municipality)orrelevantdepartmentsoftheStateCouncil,andschools.TheMinistryofEducation(formerlytheStateEducationCommission)controlsthetotalnumberofregionsanddepartmentsaccordingtotheenrollmentplanandtheactualnumberofgraduates(completion),uniformlyprintingthecoreofthegraduationandcompletioncertificatesorcertificatesofordinarycollegesanduniversities;formulatingrelevantmanagementregulationsandImplementationmethod;toinspectandsupervisetheworkofstudents’graduation(completion)qualificationreviewandcertificatemethods.In2000,theMinistryofEducationbegantoestablishanelectronicregistrationsystemforgeneralhighereducationdiplomas.ThisreformwillpreventtheMinistryofEducationfromprintingthecoreofhighereducationdiplomasinaunifiedmanner.Itwillbeprintedbyhighereducationinstitutions,butelectronicregistrationmustbecarriedout.Foronlineinquiries.In2000,itwaspilotedinfiveprovincesandcitiesinBeijing,Tianjin,Liaoning,Hubei,andChongqing.In2001,anelectronicregistrationsystemforvarioushighereducationdiplomaswasimplementednationwide.
Differencesinexams
Thevariouswaystoobtainacademicqualificationsaredazzling:completionexams,self-examinations,diplomaexams,TVuniversities,distanceeducation...Whichexamisbestforyou?Well,thisisanissuethateveryscholarneedstounderstandurgently.Onlybythoroughlyunderstandingthedifferencesbetweenthemcanyoubeabletonavigatebetweenvariousexams.Letusfirsttalkaboutthedifferencebetweenself-examination,completionexamination,anddiplomaexamination:
Themainbodyofrunningaschool
Eachuniversityhasacorrespondingadulteducationcollegeorcontinuingeducationcollege,soadulteducationThemainbodyofrunningschoolsisgenerallythecountry,butsomeadulteducationisrunbysocialforces.Themainbodiesofself-studyexamsaregenerallyindividualsorprivateinstitutions,andsomearerunbyuniversities,buttheyaregenerallyjustunderthebannerofuniversities.Themainbodyofrunningthediplomaexaminationisindividualsorprivateinstitutions.
EducationalTargets
Theenrollmenttargetsofadulteducationinmycountryaremainlyon-the-jobandunemployedpeople,thosewhohaveleftregularschools,andtheprofessionalandtechnicalpersonnelandmanagementpersonnelwhohavereceivedhighereducation.Itcanbeseenthatitisaveritableadulteducation.However,thereisalsosomeloosening,andmoreandmorehighschoolgraduatesarejoiningthearmyofadulteducation.Thesituationoftheself-examinationissimilartothatofthecompletedexamination.Diplomaexamsaredifferent.Itisakindofprivatehighereducation,andthemainenrollmenttargetsarestudentswhohavejustgraduatedfromsecondaryschoolsandwanttoreceivehighereducation.
Diplomaissuance
Thediplomafortheentranceexamisissuedbytheadulteducationcollegeofeachuniversity.Theadulteducationofwhichuniversityyouareadmittedtowillbestampedwiththestampofwhichuniversitywhenyougraduate;self-examinationTherearetwochaptersonthediploma,oneisthechapteroftheexaminationinstitutionandtheotheristhechapterofthelocalself-examinationcommittee.Forexample,inBeijing,ifyouarestudyingaccountingforself-examination,nomatterwhichschoolyoustudyin,aftergraduation,yourdiplomawillbestampedwiththesealofRenminUniversityofChina(themainexaminationinstitution)andtheBeijingSelf-ExaminationCommittee.Thereisnoinevitableconnectionintheschool;thediplomaexaminationisstrictlyaself-examination.Thedifferencefromtheself-examinationisthatthegraduationcertificateisissuedbytheteachingschoolitself,insteadofbeingjointlystampedbythemainexaminationinstitutionandtheself-examinationcommittee.Inaddition,boththeself-examinationandthecompletionexamhaveabachelor'sdegree.Thosewhomeettherequirementscanalsobeawardedabachelor'sdegree,whilethediplomaexamonlyhasajuniorcollege.
DifficultyofLearning
TheentranceexamiscalledYanJinandKuanLe.Studentscanonlyentertheschoolafterpassingthenationaladultcollegeentranceexamination.Justlikethecollegeentranceexamination,youhavetofillinyourvolunteers.Butaslongasyoupasstheentranceexamination,generallyspeaking,graduationwillnotbetoodifficult(thisisverysimilartogeneralhighschool);self-examinationanddiplomaexaminationadmissioniscalledleniententryandstrictexit.Studentsdonotneedtopasstheexamwhentheyenter,andtheycanenterdirectly.Butifyouwanttogetadiplomarecognizedbythestate,youhavetopassthenationalexamsonebyone.Thedifferenceisthattheself-examinationsareallnationalexams,whicharethemostdifficult.Thediplomaexamisone-thirdofthenationalexam,one-thirdofthelocaleducationauthority,andone-thirdoftheschool'sownexam.Therefore,amongthethreetypesofexaminations,self-examinationisthemostdifficult.
Learningmethods
Amongthethreeexams,themostsuccessfullearningmethodsare:full-timestudy,eveninguniversity,correspondenceeducation,andeventheearlyTVuniversitiesareforadulteducation.amethod.Thishasalotofautonomyforstudents:ifyouhavesufficientenergyandfinancialresources,youcanchoosetostudyfull-timeandexperiencetherealuniversitylife;ifyouwanttorechargeyourselfwhileworking,youcanchooseeveninguniversity;Ifyouwanttogotoaprestigiousuniversityinanotherplace,youcanalsostudywithoutleavinghome—correspondence.Forself-examination,relativelyspeaking,therearefewerwaystolearn.Youcanonlychoosebetweenfull-timestudyandamateurself-study(ofcourse,therearealsoamateurtutoringclassesforself-examinationinlargercities).Thereisonlyonewaytostudyforthediplomaexam,thatis,full-timestudy.
Thevalueofdiplomas
Iamoftenaskedaboutthegoldcontentbetweenthesethreeexams.Infact,aslongasyoucangraduate,yourdiplomaisrecognizedbythestate.
Ofthesethreeexams,thelearningmethodsfortheexamarethemost:therearefull-timefull-timestudies,eveninguniversities,correspondencecourses,andevenearlyTVuniversitiesarealsoawayofadulteducation.Thishasalotofautonomyforstudents:ifyouhavesufficientenergyandfinancialresources,youcanchoosetostudyfull-timeandexperiencetherealuniversitylife;ifyouwanttorechargeyourselfwhileworking,youcanchooseeveninguniversity;Ifyouwanttogotoaprestigiousuniversityinanotherplace,youcanalsostudywithoutleavinghome—correspondence.Forself-examination,relativelyspeaking,therearefewerwaystolearn.Youcanonlychoosebetweenfull-timestudyandamateurself-study(ofcourse,therearealsoamateurtutoringclassesforself-examinationinlargercities).Thereisonlyonewaytostudyforthediplomaexam,thatis,full-timestudy.