Basictheory
Intheresearchofdataelementtheory,thefollowingtermsareveryimportant.Agoodunderstandingofthesetermsisthebasisforunderstandingdataelements.
(1)DataElement:Itisthebasicunitofdataandconsistsofdataitems.Underdifferentconditions,dataelementscanalsobecalledelements,nodes,vertices,records,etc.Adataelementisadataunitthatusesasetofattributestodescribethedefinition,identification,representation,andallowablevalue.
(2)DataElementValue/Metadata(DataElementValue):Avalueinthesetofallowablevaluesofthedataelement.
(3)Dataitem:Adataitemisthesmallestidentificationunitwithindependentmeaning,aspecificvalueofadataelement,andthemostbasicandindivisiblefamousdataunitinadatarecord.
(4)Synonymousname:Itisdifferentfromthegivennamebutrepresentsthesamedataelementconcept.
(5)Qualifier:Atermthathelpsdetermineandpresenttheconceptofuniqueness.
(6)Domain:Acollectionofpossibledatavaluesofanattribute.
(7)Domainname:Thevaluerangeandmeasurementunitofthedataelementarerepresentedbyaunifiedname.
(8)Objectclass:Objectset,asetofideas,abstractconceptsorthingsintherealworld,withclearboundariesandmeanings,andcharacteristicsandbehaviorsthatfollowthesamerulesandcanbeidentified.
(9)Object:Anypartoftheworldthatcanbeimaginedorfelt.
(10)Characteristics:Acertainpropertysharedbyallindividualsoftheobjectclass.
(11)means:thecombinationofvaluerange,datatype,andmeasurementunitorcharactersetifnecessary.
(12)Objectclasswords:thecomponentsofthedataelementname,usedtoindicatetheobjectclasstowhichitbelongs.
(13)Characteristicword:acomponentofthedataelementname,usedtoexpressthecharacteristicsoftheobjectclass(acomponentofthedataelementname,expressingthecategoryofthedataelement).
(14)Denotesclasswords:thecomponentsofthedataelementname,usedtodescribetherepresentationformofthedataelement.
(15)Datamodel:Adescriptionofdataorganizationinacertainwaythatisanti-informationstructure.
Composition
Thedataelementiscomposedofthreeparts:objectclass,characteristic,andrepresentation.Theobjectclassisusedtocollectandstoredata,suchaspeople,wells,cores,andpipelines.,Storagetanksareallobjectclasses,etc.;characteristicsareusedtodistinguishanddescribeobjects,forexample,color,gender,age,income,address,price,etc.areallcharacteristics;themostimportantaspectofthedatarepresentationpartisthevaluerange,Thevaluerangeisthesetofallowed(orvalid)valuesofthedataelement.Forthevaluerange,therearetwotypesofvaluerangesinthedataelement.Oneisthattheso-calledvalueisfixed,thatis,thevalueisenumerable.Forexample,forthecolorofthehumaneye,thevalueofthedataelementmayinclude:Brown,Gray,Green,Hazel,Blue,theotherisgeneral,thatis,thevalueofthedataelementisrestrictedbythedomain,anditsvaluemaybelimited,butitisimpossibletolistallthevalues,suchastheageofaperson.Thevaluerangemaybe1-200,andeachbitisrequiredtobeexpressedindecimal.
Attributes
Thedataelementitselfisalsoathing.Sinceitisathing,thenattributesareneededtodescribethisthing.Usuallywealsocalldescribingattributesasmetadatadescribingdataelements.
Informationcoding
Theessenceofinformationstandardizationistheprocessofinformationcoding.Itshouldbenotedthatinformationclassificationandcodingoccupyafundamentalandirreplaceablepositionintheentireenterpriseinformationstandardization.Therefore,howtoeffectivelyclassifyandencodevariousinformationofenterprisesisaveryimportantprocessintheprocessofinformatization.Infact,dataelementsarecloselyrelatedtoinformationclassificationandcoding.
Applicationfield
Dataelementtheorybelongstothebasictheoryofinformationstandardization,thatis,thetheoreticalbasisofdatastandardization.Dataelementanalysisisappliedininformationclassification,dataintegrationreferencemodel,datamodeloptimizationdesign,dataelementdictionary,andtheformulationofdataexchangestandards.
References
YuanMan,GaoXue,etc.ChinaPetroleumDataElementDesignGuide(EnterpriseStandard)[M].Beijing:PetroleumIndustryPress,2005