Conceptintroduction
Theessenceofcreativethinkingisdivergentthinking.Whenencounteringproblems,youcanthinkfrommultipleangles,multiplesides,multiplelevels,andmultiplestructures.Findinganswersisneitherlimitedbyexistingknowledgenorboundbytraditionalmethods.Itslineofthinkingisopenanddiffuse.Itsmethodofsolvingproblemsisnotsingle,butexploresandchoosesamongmultipleschemesandmultipleapproaches.Creativethinkinghasthecharacteristicsofbroadness,profoundness,uniqueness,criticality,agilityandflexibility.
Thecharacteristicsarereflected
Creativethinkinghasnovelty.Itisvaluableininnovation,orinthechoiceofideas,orinthinkingskills,orintheconclusionofthinking.Unparalleledinthepast,therearenewinsights,newdiscoveries,andnewbreakthroughsonthebasisofthepredecessorsandordinarypeople,soithasacertainrangeoforiginalityandpioneering.
Creativethinkinghasgreatflexibility.Ithasnoexistingthinkingmethodsandprocedurestofollow,andpeoplecanfreelyusetheirimagination.
Creativethinkinghasthecharacteristicsofartistryandnon-simulation.Mostofitsobjectsare"thingsinitself"ratherthan"thingsforme."Therearetwopossibilitiesfortheresultsofcreativethinking.
Creativethinkinghasaveryimportantroleandsignificance.Firstly,creativethinkingcancontinuouslyincreasethetotalamountofhumanknowledge;secondly,creativethinkingcancontinuouslyimprovehumancognitiveability;thirdly,creativethinkingcanopenupanewsituationforpracticalactivities.Inaddition,thesuccessofcreativethinkingcanprovidefeedbackandencouragepeopletofurthercreativethinking.Asmycountry’sfamousmathematicianHuaLuogengsaid:"Thevalueof'human'liesintheabilitytothinkcreatively."
Additionalexplanation
Creativethinkingisapioneeringexplorationofunknownthings.Advancedandcomplexthinkingisakindofcreativethinkingwithitsowncharacteristics.Itisthedialecticalunityofdiffusethinkingandconcentratedthinking,theorganiccombinationofcreativeimaginationandrealityorientation,andtheunityofoppositesbetweenabstractthinkingandinspirationalthinking.Creativethinkingreferstoactiveandcreativethinking.Throughcreativethinking,itcannotonlypromptthenatureandregularityofobjectivethings,butalsoproducenovel,uniqueandsociallymeaningfulthinkingresultsonthisbasis,anddevelophumanknowledgeNewterritory.Inabroadsense,creativethinkingreferstothecreativeandmeaningfulthinkingactivitiesofthethinkingsubject.Everynormalpersonhasthiscreativethinking.
Narrowlycreativethinkingreferstothethinkingactivitiesofthethinkingsubjectinventingandcreating,proposingnewhypotheses,inventingnewtheories,formingnewconceptsandexploringunknownareas.Thiskindofcreativethinkingisownedbyasmallnumberoftalents.Creativethinkingisdevelopedonthebasisandinteractionofabstractthinkingandthinkinginimages.Abstractthinkingandthinkinginimagesarethebasicformsofcreativethinking.
Inaddition,italsoincludesdiffusethinking,concentratedthinking,reversethinking,separationandcombinationthinking,andassociativethinking.Amongthem,diffusionthinkingistogenerateinformationfromthegiveninformation,andthefocusistogenerateavarietyofnumerousoutputsfromthesamesource,andtransfereffectsarelikelytooccur.
Concentratedthinkingistoproducelogicalconclusionsfromtheinformationgiven,anditsfocusistoproduceuniqueorhabituallyacceptedbestresults.Reversethinkingisaformofreversingthedirectionofthinking,usingtwoopposingideasthatseemimpossibleonthesurfacetofindtheanswertoaproblematthesametime.
Splittingandcombiningthinkingisawayofthinkingthatdecomposesormergesthinkingobjectsinthoughts,andthenobtainsanewthinkingproduct.Associativethinkingisaformofthinkingthatconnectstheknowledgethathasbeenmasteredwithacertainthinkingobject,andfindsinspirationfromitscorrelationtoobtaincreativeideas.
Creativethinkingisanecessaryprerequisiteandconditionfortheproductionofcreativeresults,andcreationisthedrivingforceofhistoricalprogress.Creativethinkingabilityisanecessarymeansforindividualstopromotetheadvancementofsociety,especiallyintheeraofknowledgeeconomy.Trainingandtrainingisevenmoreimportant.Thewayliesinarichknowledgestructure,cultivatingtheabilityofassociativethinking,overcomingtheresistanceofhabitualthinkingtonewideas,cultivatingflexibilityofthinking,strengtheningdiscussion,andfrequentcollisionsofideas.
Features
Relatedintroduction
Creativethinkingisthecoreoftheintellectualstructureofinnovativetalents,andisanindispensableelementforsocietyandevenindividuals.Creativethinkingisauniquehigh-levelmentalactivityprocessofhumanbeings.Theresultcreatedbyhumanbeingsistheexternalizationandmaterializationofcreativethinking.Creativethinkingisdevelopedonthebasisofgeneralthinking.Itisthehighestformofhumanthinkingandisathinkingactivitythatsolvesproblemsinanewway.Creativethinkingemphasizespioneeringandbreakthrough,andhasaclearinitiativewhensolvingproblems.Thiskindofthinkingisconnectedwithcreativeactivitiesandembodiesthesocialvalueofnoveltyanduniqueness.Thecharacteristicsofcreativethinkingmainlyinclude:realisticthinking:goodatdiscoveringtheneedsofsociety,anddiscoveringthegapbetweenpeople'sidealsandreality.
Startingfrommeetingtheneedsofsociety,expandthespaceofthinking.Criticalthinking:daretousescientificskepticismtotreattheoriginalknowledgeofoneselfandothers,includingauthoritativejudgments.Coherenceofthinking:usuallygoodatstartingfromsmallthings,conductingthinkingtraining,andconstantlyproposingnewideastokeepthinkinginanactivestate.Flexibilityofthinking:goodatchangingthedirectionofthinkingflexiblyandflexiblytoproduceasuitablemethod.Begoodatchoosingthebestsolutionandsolvingproblemseffectively.Leapfroggingofthinking:Theprocessofthinkingishighlyelliptical,anditsthinkingstepsandthinkingspanarerelativelylarge,withobviousleapsandbounds.Thecomprehensivenessofthinking:detailedpossessionofalargenumberoffacts,materialsandrelatedknowledge,usingtheadvantagesofwisdomhybridization,thecomprehensiveapplicationofmultiplewaysofthinking,playingtheroleofthinking-controlling,in-depthanalysis,graspingcharacteristics,findinglaws,andcreatingnewresults.Theformationofcreativethinkingmustbeconsciouslycultivatedandtrained.Itmustaccumulaterichknowledge,experienceandwisdom.Itmustbecourageoustopracticefirstandbegoodatlearningfromfailureinordertogaininspirationandachievealeapinthinking.
Intoday'sworld,theeconomyisdevelopingrapidly,scienceandtechnologyandculturearechangingwitheachpassingday,whichmainlystemsfromcreativityinvariousfields.Fromamacroperspective,creativityisoneofthedrivingforcesofsocialprogress;fromamicroperspective,creativityisameasureoftheleveloftalentandability.Creativethinkingisthecoreoftheintellectualstructureofinnovativetalents.Creativethinkingisauniquehigh-levelmentalactivityprocessofhumanbeings.Theresultcreatedbyhumanbeingsistheexternalizationandmaterializationofcreativethinking.Creativethinkingisdevelopedonthebasisofgeneralthinking.Itisthehighestformofhumanthinking.Itisathinkingactivitythatsolvesproblemsinanewway.Itreflectstheinternalandexternalorganicconnectionoftheessentialattributesofthings.Itisakindofmaterialization.Mentalactivity.Creativethinkingisdifferentfromthenormsofgeneralthinking.Althoughithasthecharacteristicsofgeneralthinking,itemphasizespioneeringandbreakthrough.Creativethinkinghasaclearinitiativewhensolvingproblems.Thiskindofthinkingisconnectedwithcreativeactivitiesandembodiesthesocialvalueofnoveltyanduniqueness.Themaincharacteristicsofcreativethinkingareasfollows.
Practicalityofthinking
Creationstemsfromtheneedsofdevelopment,andtheneedsofsocialdevelopmentarethefirstdrivingforceofcreation.Thetruth-seekingnatureofthinkingisembodiedinbeinggoodatdiscoveringtheneedsofsociety,anddiscoveringthegapbetweenpeople'sidealsandreality.Startingfrommeetingtheneedsofsociety,expandthespaceforthinking.Theneedsofsocietyaremultifaceted,explicitandimplicit.Theovertdemandhasbeenpaidattentiontobytheworld.Ifwestudyitagain,itiseasytofollowinthefootstepsanditisdifficulttoinnovate.Thehiddenneedsneedtobediscoveredcreatively.
Thephenomenonof"followingthetrend"oftenoccursinbusinesswars.Oncemanymerchantsfindthataproductisprofitable,theywillfollowittoorganizethesupplyofgoodsforsales.Theresultisoftenanoversupplyofsuchcommoditiesinthemarket,whichnotonlyfailstomakeaprofitbutalsocauseslosses.Businesseswithcreativethinkingapplytheprinciplesofpredictivesciencetotheiroperations,andthroughthecollection,selection,analysisandjudgmentofinformation,theydrawconclusionsthatconformtothelawofdevelopmentofthings,andthenformulatecorrespondingstrategies.Wal-Martistheworld'sfirstdiscountretailertotrialbarcodeorUniversalProductCode(UPC)technology.Itwastriedin1980andthecashierefficiencyincreasedby50%,soallWal-Martstoresswitchedtothebarcodesystem(ChenJing:"OntheSignificanceandContentofEnterpriseInnovation",ChinaIntellectualPropertyNetwork).Incaseteaching,manywesternuniversitiesregardWal-Martasamodelforthecontinuousintroductionofnewtechnologies.AnotherexampleisChanglingGroup'sresearchanddevelopmentoffluorine-freerefrigeratorswhentheproductsaresellinghot,soastotaketheleadinmarketcompetition.
CriticalityofThinking
Ouroriginalknowledgeislimited,itstruthisrelative,andthethingsintheworldareinfinite,anditsdevelopmentisendless.Nomatterknowingtheoriginalthingsorthefuturethings,theoriginalknowledgeisfarfromenough.Therefore,thecriticalityofthinkingisfirstembodiedinthedaringtousescientificskepticismtotreattheoriginalknowledgeofoneselfandothers,includingauthoritativejudgments.Daretodiscover,analyze,andsolveproblemsindependently.FrenchwriterBalzacsaid:"Thekeytoallscienceisthequestionmark.""Thewisdomoflifeprobablyliesinaskingwhyineverything."
Customthinkingispeople'sthinking.Theinertiaofthewaymakespeopledarenotthink,daretochange,unwillingtochange,andsticktotherules,whichgreatlyhindersthecreationanddevelopmentofnewthings.Therefore,thecriticalityofthinkingisalsoreflectedinthedaringtobreakthroughtheshacklesofhabitualthinking,thedaringtobreaktheconventionsofthinking,thedaringtofindnewways,tothinkindependently,touserichknowledgeandexperience,andtofullyexpandthewingsofimagination.OnlyinthiswaycanitburstoutcreativesparksanddiscoverSomethingunprecedented.FrenchwriterMauboussinsaid:"Weshouldavoidthefamiliarroadallthetimeandfindanewpath."
Forexample,thecontrolthathasextraordinaryinfluenceandgreatsignificanceinthehistoryofworldscienceThebirthofthetheoryembodiesthecriticalthinkingoftheAmericanscientistWiener.Classicalconceptsbelievethattheworldiscomposedofmatterandenergy,whileWienerputsforwardnewideasandnewtheories,andbelievesthattheworldiscomposedofthreeparts:energy,matter,andinformation.Althoughhistheoryreceivedoppositionfromconservativesatthebeginning,hebravelyinsistedonhisviewsandtheories,andfinallycreatedanewdisciplineof"cybernetics"withextraordinaryvitality.
Thecontinuityofthinking
Apersonwhoisdiligentinthinkingdailycaneasilyenterthestateofcreativethinking,activatethesubconsciousmind,andgenerateinspiration.Innovatorsshouldbegoodatstartingfromsmallthings,trainthinking,andconstantlyputforwardnewideas,sothatthinkinghascontinuityandmaintainanactiveposture.
ThomasEdisonowned1,039patentsinhislifetime,andthisrecordhasnotbeenbrokensofar.Heestablishedaquotaforinnovationforhimselfandhisassistants,onesmallinventionevery10daysandonebiginventioneverysixmonths.Onceheaccidentallyloopedaropearoundhishand,soherememberedwhetherhecouldwindthecarbonwireinthisway.
Ifthereisnocoherenceofthinkingandagoodthinkingposture,therewillbenosuchsensitiveresponse.Itcanbeseenthatonlydiligentthinkingcanbegoodatthinking,andcancatchtheinspirationofbreakthroughthinkingintime.
Therearesomemisunderstandingsinthecurrentunderstandingofinnovation,suchasthebeliefthatinnovationisaccidental.Infact,everyinnovationseemsaccidentalbutbynomeansaccidental,accidentisaninevitableresult.
Flexibilityofthinking
Creativethinkingisopenandgoodatthinkinginalldirections.Ifyourthinkingisblockedbyaproblem,youarenotstuckinonemode,andyoucanflexiblychangecertainfactorsandrenewThinkfromangles,adjustideas,fromoneideatoanother,fromoneartisticconceptiontoanother,andbegoodatchangingthedirectionofthinkingingeniously,adaptingtochanges,andproducingsuitablemethods.Creativethinkingisgoodatfindingthebest,choosingthebestsolution,flexibleandeffectiveinsolvingproblems.Examplesareasfollows:
(1)Radiationthinking:Withaproblemasthecenter,thethinkingroutespreadsinalldirections,formingaradialshape,findingasmanyanswersaspossible,andexpandingtheroomforoptimization.WhenWiener,ascientist,isstudyingnewtheories,thetentaclesofthinkingoftenextendtomultipledisciplinesforexploration.Whenpeopleareengagedinacertainjobandsolveacertainproblem,theyoftenmakemorecomparisons,moretrade-offs,moreideas,andmoreplanstoenhancetheirabilitytosolveproblems.
(2)Multi-directionalthinking:thinkaboutathingfromdifferentdirections,andpaymoreattentiontothinkingfromtheanglethatothershavenotnoticed.The"three-pointmethodoffindingthecenterofacircle"inmathematicsistoexplorefromthreeangles.TheancientslookedatMountLuas"aridgeandpeaksfromsidetoside,withdifferentdistancesandheights."Theangleismore.Onlyinthiswaycanwehaveamorecomprehensiveandthoroughunderstandingofthings,cangrasptheessenceofthings,anddiscoverthelawsthatothershavenotdiscovered.ThetheoryofrelativityfoundedbyEinsteinistoobservethingsfromdifferentperspectives,andthenmaketheirowninterpretationsoftherelationshipbetweenthem.
(3)Metamorphicthinking:Accordingtothecharacteristicsofvariousconstituentfactorsofthings,oneoftheelementsischangedtoopenupnewideasandnewways.Inthefieldofnaturalsciences,ascientificexperimentisoftenrepeatedwithdifferentmaterialsanddata.Inthefieldofsocialsciences,theapplicationofthismethodisalsoverycommon.Suchasthechangeofcharacters,plots,andsentencesinliterarycreation,andtheadjustmentofpersonnelinmanagement.
(4)Turntothinking:Whenthinkingstopsinonedirection,itswitchestoanotherdirectionintime.WhenthegreatpainterDaVinciobservedpeople,sceneryandthingsintheprocessofpaintingcreation,hewasgoodatconstantlyturningfromoneangletoanother,andhisunderstandingofcreationobjectsandsubjectsgraduallydeepenedwitheachchangeofperspective.Asaresult,hefinallygraspedtheessenceofthecreativeobject,andcreatedaseriesofhandeddownworks.Intheprocessofexploration,somepeople"dryroadsdonotleadtowaterways".Whentheprofessionalresearchfailedtoachievetheexpectedresults,theyturnedtorelateddisciplinesandmarginaldisciplinesandmadesignificantcontributions.Thedevelopmentoftoday'sdisciplinesisincreasinglyshowingatrendofbothhighintegrationanddifferentiation.Variousinterdisciplinary,marginalandcross-disciplinedisciplinesemergeinanendlessstream,andinterdisciplinaryresearchhasbecomeatrend.
(5)Oppositethinking:thinkfromtheoppositedirection,soastoorganicallyunitethetwo.ComradeDengXiaopingcombinedtwodifferentsocialsystems,thesocialistsystemandthecapitalistsystem,forthinking,andputforwardtheconceptof"onecountry,twosystems"forthereunificationofthemotherlandafterHongKong'sreturn.OurpartytookthisasanexampleandsuccessfullyresolvedtheissueofMacao’sreturn.
(6)Reversethinking:Thinkingfromtheoppositedirection,lookingfornewwaystobreakthrough.Theinventorofthevacuumcleanerwasthinkingabout"sucking"thedustfromtheoppositeangleof"blowing"thedust,andthusmadeanelectricvacuumcleanerusingtheprincipleofvacuumnegativepressure.
(7)Originthinking:startingfromtheoriginofthingstofindouttheanswertothequestion.Wheninvestigatingthings,weoftenencountersuchasituation:aproblemthatisinexplicable,andfinallyreturntotheoriginoftheproblemtothink,theanswerappearsquickly.Forexample,inNewYork,USA,awomen'shandbagmadeofcrocodileleatherwasoncepricedfromUS$1,500toUS$4,000dependingonthesize.Therefore,manypeopleregardcrocodileskinasasymbolofwealth.Mr.Bassettisspentseveralyearsinvestigating"whoneedscrocodileskinthemost".Amongthemanyanswers,oneanswerwasidentifiedastheonlyanswer:"Crocodileneedscrocodileskinmost."Theoldsayinginourcountry"thepersonwhoneedstotiethebelltountiethebell"alsospeaksthesametruth.
(8)Linkedthinking:Thisishowyouthinkaboutit.Therearethreeinterlockingdirections:oneisvertical,whenyouseeaphenomenon,youcanthinkdeeplyandexploreitscauses;thesecondisreverse,whenyoufindaphenomenon,youthinkofitsopposite;thethirdishorizontal,youcanfindaphenomenon,Thinkofsomethingsimilarorrelatedtoit.Thatis,fromtheshallowertothedeeper,fromthesmalltothebig,refertoothers,followtheanalogy,drawinferencesfromoneanother,andgainnewknowledgeanddiscoveries.Suchas"Aleaffallstoknowtheworldinautumn","Aglimpsetoknowthewholeleopard.""Whilestrategizing,thedecisionwillbemadethousandsofmilesaway."
Theleapofthinking
Thethinkingprocessofcreativethinkingisveryelliptical,anditsthinkingstepsandthinkingspanarerelativelylarge.,Withobviousjumping.Forexample,duringtheOctoberRevolutionintheSovietUnion,anenemyofficerwasshaken,buthehadnotyetmadeuphismindtosurrender.Leninnolongerdidthemobilizationoftheofficerstepbystep,butlettheradiobroadcasttothewholecountrythattheofficerhadbeenuprising.Theofficerwasforcedtomakeafinaldecisionandimmediatelyannouncedanarmeduprising(editedbyZengHua:"BreakthroughOneself:TheMindofSuccessfulPeople",ChinaChamberofCommerceandIndustryPress2000,p.52).
Theleap-forwardnessofcreativethinkingismanifestedintranscendingthelimitationof"visibility"ofthings,andcanquicklycompletethetransformationbetween"virtualbody"and"entity",andincreasethe"transformationspan"ofthinkingforward.Forexample,whenMaoZedongmetwithrepresentativesoftheLeagueCongressin1953,hesaid:"YoumustelectyoungcadrestobemembersoftheLeagueCentralCommittee.DuringtheThreeKingdomsperiod,CaoCaoledhisarmytothesouthtoattackSoochow.Atthattime,ZhouYuwasa'youthcommittee'andbecameSoochow.Thecommander-in-chief,ChengPuandotherveteransweredissatisfied.Later,hewaspersuadedandhewastheonewhowonthebattle.NowZhouYuisrequiredtobeamemberoftheCentralCommitteeoftheregiment.Everyonedisagrees!Isthisokay?”(SelectedWorksofMaoZedong,Vol.5,People'sPublishingHouse,1977edition,p.85)Here,MaoZedong’sthinkingspansthepastandthepresent,transformsfromrealitytoreality,andiscreative.
Inliterarycreation,theleapfroggingofcreativethinkingisevenmoreobvious.Forexample,MaoZedong’spoem"ButterflyLoveandFlower:AnswertoLiShuyi":"IlostmyarroganceandYangJunlostthewillow,YangLiulightlywentstraighttotheNinthofHeaven.AskWuGangwhereheowns,andWuGangheldoutsweet-scentedosmanthuswine.Theloyalsouldance.Suddenlyreportedthattheworldhadboundtigers,andtearsflewintopouringrain.”(Editor-in-chiefofZangKejia:AppreciationofMaoZedong’sPoems,HebeiPeople’sPublishingHouse,1990edition,p.182)Theauthor’sthinkingspansancientandmoderntimes,heavenandearth,humansandgods.Withoutbeingrestrictedbythe"visibility"ofthings,itcanflexiblyandsubtlyswitchbetweenthevirtualandthereality,expressingthememoryoftherevolutionarymartyrs,andexpressingtheromanticfeelingsoftherevolution.
Thecomprehensivenessofthinking
Everythingexistsasasystem.Itiscomposedofmulti-levelandmulti-facetedfactorsthatareinterconnected,interdependent,andmutuallyrestricted.AccordingtoacertainAnorganicwholecomposedofstructure.Thisrequiresinnovatorstoputthingsinasystemforthinkingwhenthinking,carryoutall-round,multi-levelandmulti-facetedanalysisandsynthesis,andfindouttheinternalconnectionsthatarerelatedtothings,interact,restricteachother,andinfluenceeachother.Ratherthanobservingthingsinisolation,orjustusingacertainmethodofthinking,itshouldbeacomprehensiveapplicationofmultiplewaysofthinking.Itisnotjustrelyingonhalf-knowledgeandhearsay,butadetailedpossessionofalargenumberoffacts,materialsandrelatedknowledge,usingtheadvantagesofintelligenthybridization,playingtheroleofthinking-controlling,in-depthanalysis,graspingcharacteristics,andfindinglaws.
This"createdbysynthesis"wayofthinkingembodiesthehybridizationandsublimationofexistingwisdomandknowledge,ratherthansimplyaddingandpiecingtogether.Theoverallaftersynthesisisgreaterthanthesumoftheoriginalparts.Thesynthesiscanturnunfavorablefactorsintofavorablefactorsandordinaryintomagic.Itistheprocessoftransformingcontradictionsfromindividualtogeneral,frompartialtocomprehensive,fromstatictodynamic.Itistheprocessofdialecticalthinkingmovement,andtheprocessofbreakthroughsinunderstandingandconceptstoformnewresultswithmoreuniversalsignificance.
"Theblindmancarriesthelameman"isavividexampleofcomprehensivethinking.Theblindcan'tsee,thelamecan'trun,andnoonecanrunawayifthehouseisonfire.Buttheblindcarriedthelame,andbothofthemgavefullplaytotheiradvantages.Notonlycouldtheyrun,buttheycouldalsosee,andtheycould"standtallerandseefar"thanordinarypeople.
Inmanagement,therearethefollowingargumentsabouthowtounderstandtheprincipleoftheintegrityofthesystem:Theso-calledcomprehensivenessistolinkthevariousparts,aspectsandfactorsofthesystem,andexaminethecommonalityandRegularity.Thecomprehensiveprincipleofthesystemincludesthemeaning:ontheonehand,thediversityandcomprehensivenessofthesystem’sobjectives,ontheotherhandthediversityandcomprehensivenessofthesystemOrdinarythingsareintegratedintonewideas,newproducts,andnewsystemsarecreated,andwemustbegoodatdecomposingcomplexsystemsintothesimplestunitstosolvethem.
Weber,thecommander-in-chiefoftheApolloMoonLandingProject,said:“Intoday’sworld,nothingiscreatedwithoutsynthesis.”NoneoftheApollo’shugeprojectsarenewlydiscoverednaturalsciencetheoriesandTechnologyistheapplicationofexistingtechnology.Thekeyliesinsynthesis,andsynthesisiscreation.
Dr.Kikuchijo,thedeveloperofmagneticsemiconductors,said:“Ithinktherearetwowaystoinvent:thefirstisabrand-newinvention;thesecondistosynthesizethefactswithknownprinciples."
p>Thesameistrueforthebirthofmotorcycles.Itistheresultofcombiningtheflexibilityandlightnessofbicycleswiththemaneuverabilityandhighspeedofcars.Later,Japan’sHondaClubcombinedtheadvantagesofmorethan90distinctiveenginesintheworldanddevelopedtheworld’sbestoverallperformanceenginetoassembleworld-classmotorcyclesandbecometheworld’smotorcycleindustry.Leader(editedbyXuGuangming:"AConciseReaderforInnovativeThinking",GuangdongEducationPress,2006edition,p.53).Itcanbeseenthattheabilitytogathermanyadvantagesisnotasimpleimprovisationandaccumulation,butcoordination,compatibilityandcreation.
Theabovedescriptionisonlyforresearchtoextractanumberofthinkingcharacteristics.Inactualuse,theflexibilityandrichnessofthethinkingstatecannotbegeneralized,andnolanguagecandescribeit.Inshort,creativethinkingisawayofthinkingthatbreaksawayfromstereotypesandopensupnewpaths.Andthisisafteralotof,repeated,andin-depththinking,beforeyoucansuddenlyenlightenandgetanepiphany.Tolearnandmastercreativethinkingmethods,peoplemustconsciouslycultivateandtrain,andgraduallyhavegoodthinkingskillsandthinkingqualities.Wemustaccumulateawealthofknowledge,experienceandwisdominorderto"accumulateanddevelop."Youmustbethefirst,bravetopractice,notbeafraidoffailure,andbegoodatlearningfromfailureanddrawingnourishmentinordertogaininspiration,achievealeapinthinking,continuouslyproducenewideas,newmethods,andcreatenewresults.Onlyinthiswaycanweadapttotheneedsofthemarketeconomy,adapttotheeraofrapiddevelopment,andbethepioneerandcreatorofthenewera.
Form
1,Abstractthinking:Alsoknownaslogicalthinking.Itisawayofthinkingthatusesconceptsreflectingthecommonandessentialattributesofthingsasthebasicformofthinkingintheprocessofcognition,andmakesjudgmentsandinferencesonthebasisofconcepts,reflectingreality.
2,Thinkinginimages:Thinkinginimagesisthethinkingthatusesintuitiveimagesandrepresentationstosolveproblems.Itscharacteristicisconcreteandvivid.
3.Intuitivethinking:Intuitivethinkingreferstoaproblemthathasnotbeenanalyzedstepbystep,butisbasedontheperceptionofinternalfactorstoquicklymakejudgments,guesses,assumptions,orpuzzlesAmongthem,thesudden"inspiration"and"insight"abouttheproblem,andeventhe"premonition"and"prophecy"abouttheoutcomeoffuturethingsareallintuitivethinking.
4.Inspirationalthinking:referstofastandinsightfulthinkingbasedonintuition.Itisnotasimplelogicalorillogicalone-waythinkingmovement,butawholeprocessofrationalthinkingthatunifieslogicandillogicality.
5.Divergentthinking:referstothethinkingthatstartsfromagoal,thinksalongavarietyofdifferentways,andexploresmultipleanswers,asopposedtoconvergentthinking.
6:Convergentthinking:referstotheuseofexistingknowledgeandexperienceasmuchaspossibleintheprocessofproblem-solving,andgraduallyguidesalargeamountofinformationandthepossibilityofproblem-solvingGotothelogicalsequenceoforder,andfinallycometoalogicallystandardizedconclusion.
7.Splittingandcombiningthinking:Itisawayofthinkingthatdecomposesormergesthinkingobjectsinthoughts,andthenobtainsanewthinkingproduct.
8.Reversethinking:Itisawayofthinkinginreversethinkingofthingsoropinionsthatarecommonplaceandseemtobedefinitive.
9.Associativethinking:referstoakindoffreethinkingactivitywithoutafixeddirectionofthinkinginthehumanbrainmemoryimagesystem,duetoacertaininducementthatleadstoaconnectionbetweendifferentimages.
Activityprocess
Overview
Inproblem-solvingactivities,creativethinkingrequiresacertainprocess.Psychologistshavealsodonealotofresearchonthisprocess.Themorerepresentativeonesarethefour-stagetheoryputforwardbyBritishpsychologistG.Wallasandthefive-stagetheoryputforwardbyAmericanpsychologistT.Amabile.Wallacebelievesthatanycreativeprocessincludesfourstages:preparationphase,brewingphase,clarityphase,andverificationphase.Fromtheperspectiveofinformationtheory,Aymanbelbelievesthattheprocessofcreativeactivityconsistsofraisingquestionsortasks,preparing,generatingreactions,andverifying.Thereactionandresultarecomposedoffivestages,andtheycanbecycled.Here,welookattheprocessofcreativethinkingbasedonWallace'sfour-stagetheory.
Preparationstage
Thepreparationstageisthefirststageofthecreativethinkingactivityprocess.Thisstageisthestageofcollectinginformation,organizingdata,andmakingpreliminarypreparations.Sincetherearemanyunknownsabouttheproblemtobesolved,itisnecessarytocollecttheknowledgeandexperienceofthepredecessorstoformanewunderstandingoftheproblem.Soastoprepareforthenextstageofcreativeactivities.Forexample,Edison,inordertoinventtheelectriclight,issaidtohavecollectedmorethan200notes,totalingmorethan40,000pages.Itcanbeseenthatanyinventionandcreationarenotmadeoutofthinair,theyareallcarriedoutonthebasisofalotofobservationandresearchovertime.
Thebrewingstage
Thebrewingstagemainlydigestsandabsorbstheinformationanddatacollectedinthepreviousstage,andonthisbasis,findsoutthekeypointsoftheprobleminordertoconsidersolvingthisVariousstrategiesfortheproblem.Inthisprocess,somequestionsareusuallyputonholdbecauseitisdifficulttofindeffectiveanswersforawhile.Butthethinkingactivityhasnotstoppedbecauseofthis,thesequestionswilllingerinthemindallthetime,andeventransformintoakindofsubconscious.Inthisprocess,itiseasytogeneratefanaticism.Forexample,"Newtontreatsthewatchasanegg"isatypicalproblemfanatic.Therefore,atthisstage,wemustpayattentiontothetensionandrelaxationoforganicallyintegratedthinking,sothatitwilldevelopinadirectionthatismoreconducivetoproblemsolving.
TheEnlightenmentStage
TheEnlightenmentStage,alsoknownastheepiphanystage.Afterthefirsttwostagesofpreparationanddeliberation,thinkinghasreachedafairlymaturestage.Intheprocessofsolvingproblems,itoftenentersastateofsuddenenlightenment.Thisistheinspirationmentionedabove.Forexample:BillBowerman,thefounderofNike,waseatingwafersmadebyhiswifeonedayandfeltverycomfortable.Asaresult,hewastouched.Whatwouldbetheeffectiftherunningshoesweremadeintowafers?So,hetookhiswife'sspecialironwoktomakewaferstotheofficetostudy.Afterthat,hemadethefirstpairofshoes.ThisistheinventionofthefamousNikeshoes.
Verificationstage
Theverificationstageisalsocalledtheimplementationstage.Itmainlyteststhemethodsandstrategiesformedthroughthepreviousthreestagesinordertoobtainamorereasonableplan.Thisisanegative-positive-negativecycleprocess.Throughcontinuouspracticaltesting,themostappropriatecreativethinkingprocesscanbederived.
Howtocultivate
Creativethinkingisahigh-levelhumanmentalactivity.Creativethinkingisthebasicqualitythatpoliticians,educators,scientists,artistsandotheroutstandingtalentsmustpossess.Psychologybelievesthat:creativethinkingmeansthatthinkingcannotonlyprompttheessenceandinternalconnectionofobjectivethings,butalsocanproducenovelandunprecedentedthinkingresultswithsocialvalueonthisbasis.
Creativethinkingisdevelopedonthebasisofgeneralthinking,anditistheresultofacquiredcultivationandtraining.Chaplinsaidthisintriguingwords:"Similartoplayingtheviolinorthepiano,thinkingalsorequiresdailypractice."Therefore,wecanusepsychological"self-mediation"toconsciouslycultivateourowninseveralways.Creativethinking.
(1)Unfoldingthewingsof"fantasy"
Psychologistsbelievethatthehumanbrainhasfourfunctionalparts:oneisthereceptiveareathatreceivesfeelingsfromtheoutsideworld;theotherisThestorageareawherethesefeelingsarecollectedandorganized;thethirdisthejudgmentareaforevaluatingthenewinformationreceived;thefourthistheimaginationareawheretheoldinformationiscombinedinanewway.Peoplewhoareonlygoodatusingthefunctionsofthestorageareaandthejudgmentarea,butnotgoodatusingthefunctionsoftheimaginationarea,arenotgoodatinnovation.Accordingtoresearchbypsychologists,mostpeopleonlyuse15%oftheimaginaryarea,andtherestarestillina"hibernation"state.Reclaimingthisvirginlandstartswithcultivatingfantasy.
Imaginationistheabilityofhumanbeingstousetheinformationstoredinthebrainforcomprehensiveanalysis,inferenceandassumption.Inthethinkingprocess,ifthereisnoimaginaryparticipation,thinkingwillbedifficult.Especiallycreativeimagination,itisregulatedbythinking.
Einsteinsaid:"Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge,becauseknowledgeislimited,andimaginationsummarizeseverythingintheworld,promotesprogress,andisthesourceofknowledgeevolution."Stan’s“specialrelativity”startedwhenhewasachildimaginingthatpeoplewouldfollowthelightandtrytocatchupwithit.Thefirstairplaneintheworldstartedwhenpeopleimaginedthewingsofflyingbirds.Fantasycannotonlyleadustodiscovernewthings,butalsoinspireustomakenewefforts,explorations,andcreativework.
Youngpeoplelovefantasyandshouldcherishtheirpreciouswealth.Fantasyisthepreparatorystagethatconstitutesacreativeimagination.Whatisstillinyourfantasytodaymayappearinyourcreativeideatomorrow.
(2)Cultivationofdivergentthinking
Theso-calleddivergentthinkingmeansthatifaquestionmayhavemultipleanswers,thentakethisquestionasthecenter,andradiatethedirectionofthinkingoutside.Themoreappropriateanswers,thebetter,insteadofjustfindingonecorrectanswer.Inthiskindofthinking,peoplecanrushfromlefttoright,andfullydemonstratethecreativeelementsofthinkinginthevariousanswersthatsuitthem.In1979,theNobelPrizewinnerinPhysics,AmericanscientistGlasowsaid:"Abroadrangeofknowledgecanbroadenyourmind...Themoreyoumastertheimageofthingsintheworldorhumansociety,themoreyoucanhelpabstractthinking."Forexample,weThinkabout"howmanyusesarethereforbricks".Wehaveatleastthefollowingvariousanswers:buildinghouses,buildingcourtyardwalls,pavingroads,stoppingvehiclesparkedonslopes,makinghammers,pressingpaperheads,markinglinesonbehalfofrulers,paddingthings,weaponsforfighting...andsoon..
(3)Developintuitivethinking
Inthelearningprocess,intuitivethinkingsometimesappearsasaskingstrangequestions,sometimesasboldconjectures,andsometimesasanemergencyanswer,Sometimesmanifestedassolvingaproblem,conceivingavarietyofnovelmethods,programsandsoon.Inordertocultivateourcreativethinking,whentheseimaginationsareflooding,don'tneglectthem.Youngpeoplefeelkeenly,haveagoodmemory,andareextremelyactiveinimagination.Intheirstudyandwork,whendiscoveringandsolvingproblems,theymayhavenewideasandconceptssuddenly.Theymustcatchtheproductsofthiscreativethinkingintimeandbegoodatdevelopingthemselves.Intuitivethinking.
(4)Cultivatingfluency,flexibilityandoriginalityofthinking
Fluency,flexibilityandoriginalityarethethreefactorsofcreativity.Fluencyistheabilitytorespondsmoothlytostimuli.Flexibilityreferstotheabilitytoadapttochanges.Originalityreferstoanunusualresponsetoastimulus,whichhasanovelelement.Thesethreecharacteristicsarebasedonextensiveknowledge.Inthe1960s,Americanpsychologistsusedthemethodofso-calledsuddenassociationorstormyassociationtotrainthefluencyofthinkingamongcollegestudents.Duringtraining,studentsarerequiredtoquicklythrowoutsomeideaslikeasummerstorm,withouthesitation,anddonotevaluatethequalityorquantityofthetestaftertheend.Thefasterthespeed,thesmoother,themoreyouspeak,thehigherthefluency.Thiskindoffreeassociationandrapidresponsetrainingisofgreathelptothinking,whetheritisqualityorfluency,andcanpromotethedevelopmentofcreativethinking.
(5)Cultivateastrongthirstforknowledge
TheancientGreekphilosophersPlatoandAristotlebothsaidthattheoriginofphilosophyistheexistenceofhumanbeingstothenaturalworldandhumanbeings.Surprise.Theybelievethatpositivecreativethinkingoftenstartswhenpeoplefeel"surprised"andtheyareemotionallyburningwithastronginterestinexploringtherootsofthisproblem.Therefore,tostimulatetheirdesireforcreativelearning,youmustfirstMakeyourselfhaveastrongthirstforknowledge.Humandesiresarealwaysproducedonthebasisofneeds.Withoutspiritualneeds,thereisnothirstforknowledge.Youmustconsciouslyposeproblemsforyourself,or"gnaw"thelegacyofpredecessorsTheincomprehensiblepuzzlesoftheyouthstimulatetheirthirstforknowledge.Youngpeople’sthirstforknowledgeisthestrongest.However,iftheydonotconsciouslytransfertheirintelligenceandpursuescience,theywillnaturallyshrink.Thethirstforknowledgewillpromptpeopletoexplore.Science,tocarryoutcreativethinking,andonlyintheprocessofexploration,willitcontinuouslyarousecuriosityandthirstforknowledge,makeitinexhaustible,andalwaysbealivingwater.Aperson,onlywhenhehasamentalstateoflearning,alwaysOnlywhenheisinthe"eagertotry"stagecanhislearningprocessbecomeaproactive"upwardanddownwardsearch"process.Suchlearningcannotonlyacquiretheexistingknowledgeandskills,butalsofurtherexploretheunknownandnew.Realm,discovernewknowledgethathasnotbeenmastered,andevencreateunprecedentednewinsightsandnewthings.
Books
Author:Duohuhui
Translator:WangTong
Publisher:ChinaYouthPublishingHouse
Publicationyear:2002-10
Pages:155
Price:10.00yuan
ISBN:9787500648703
Briefintroduction
"CreativeThinking"includes:thecreativethinkingprocessthatcanbeusedatanytime.ListallinthethinkingframeFactors,15thinkingskillsthatanyonecancomeupwithinthethinkingprocessandnurturenewideas.