PurposeofCompiling
TheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)isanimportantmacrothatreflectsthechangesinthepricelevelofconsumergoodsandservicesrelatedtoresidents’livesEconomicindicatorsarealsoimportantindicatorsformacroeconomicanalysisanddecision-makingandnationaleconomicaccounting.Generallyspeaking,thelevelofCPIdirectlyaffectstheintroductionandintensityofthecountry'smacroeconomiccontrolmeasures,suchaswhetherthecentralbankadjustsinterestratesandwhethertoadjustthedepositreserveratio.Atthesametime,thelevelofCPIalsoindirectlyaffectschangesincapitalmarkets(suchasstockmarkets,futuresmarkets,capitalmarkets,andfinancialmarkets).
Thepurposeofcompilingtheconsumerpriceindexistounderstandthebasicsituationofpricechangesacrossthecountry,analyzeandstudytheimpactofpricechangesonthesocialeconomyandresidents’lives,andmeettheneedsofgovernmentsatalllevelstoformulatepoliciesandplansandcarryoutmacro-controlTheneedsofthecountryandtheprovisionofreferenceandbasisfornationaleconomicaccountingarethebasisforthestatetoissuepricesubsidiestoresidents.
Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI),combinedwiththeemploymentsituationreport(non-agricultural),hasbecomeanotherpopulareconomicindicatorthathasbeencarefullystudiedinthefinancialmarket,becauseinflationaffectseveryApersondetermineshowmuchconsumersspendtopurchasegoodsandservices,influencesthecostofbusinessoperations,greatlyunderminespersonalorcorporateinvestment,andaffectsthequalityoflifeofretirees.Moreover,theoutlookforinflationhelpstoestablishlaborcontractsandformulategovernmentfiscalpolicies.
Theconsumerpriceindexmeasureschangesovertime,includingtheaveragechangeinretailpricesofmorethan200variousgoodsandservices.These200kindsofgoodsandservicesaredividedinto8maincategories.Whencalculatingtheconsumerpriceindex,eachcategoryhasaweightthatcanshowitsimportance.Theseweightsaredeterminedbyinvestigatingtheproductsandservicespurchasedbythousandsofhouseholdsandindividuals.Theweightsarerevisedeverytwoyearstomakethemconsistentwithpeople’schangedpreferences.
Functionalimpact
Basicfunctions
1.Measuringinflation(deflation).CPIisanimportantindicatortomeasureinflation.Inflationisageneralandcontinuousriseinthepricelevel.ThelevelofCPIcanexplaintheseverityofinflationtoacertainlevel;
2,nationaleconomicaccounting.Innationaleconomicaccounting,variouspriceindicesarerequired.Forexample,theconsumerpriceindex(CPI),producerpriceindex(PPI)andGDPdeflatorareusedtocalculateGDPtoeliminatetheinfluenceofpricefactors.
3.Contractindexationadjustment.Forexample,insalarynegotiation,becauseemployeeshopethatthesalary(nominal)increasecanbeequaltoorhigherthantheCPI,theyhopethatthenominalsalarywillbeautomaticallyadjustedwiththeincreaseoftheCPI.Thetimingoftheadjustmentisusuallyafterinflationoccurs,andthemagnitudeislowerthantheactualinflationrate.
4.Reflectchangesincurrencypurchasingpower:Currencypurchasingpowerreferstothenumberofconsumergoodsandservicesthatcanbepurchasedperunitofcurrency.Astheconsumerpriceindexincreases,thepurchasingpowerofmoneydecreases;viceversa.Thereciprocaloftheconsumerpriceindexisthecurrencypurchasingpowerindex.
5.Reflecttheimpactonrealwagesofemployees:Anincreaseintheconsumerpriceindexmeansadecreaseinrealwages,andadropintheconsumerpriceindexmeansanincreaseinrealwages.Therefore,theconsumerpriceindexcanbeusedtoconvertnominalwagesintorealwages.
6.TheimpactofCPIonthestockmarket:Undernormalcircumstances,whenpricesrise,stockpricesrise;whenpricesfall,stockpricesalsofall.
Mainimpact
CPIisalaggingdata,butitisoftenanimportantreferenceindicatorformarketeconomicactivitiesandgovernmentmonetarypolicy.StableCPI,adequateemploymentandGDPgrowthareoftenthemostimportantsocio-economicgoals.However,judgingfromtherealityofChina,thestabilityandimportanceofCPIarenotas"authoritative"asthedevelopedcountriesbelieve,andmarketeconomicactivitieswillbeadjustedaccordingtochangesinCPI.
Exchangerateimpact
TheimpactofinflationontheU.S.dollarisnotclear.Normally,inahealthyeconomicexpansion,raisingthedollar'sinterestratecanmakethedollarmoreattractive.Iftheriseininterestratesmainlycomesfromrisinginflation,itwillharmthedollar.HigherinflationrateshavedamagedthevalueofUSdollarinvestmentsheldbyforeigners,sothecontinuedincreaseinCPIhasanegativeimpactontheUSdollar.Currencytradersarealsoverysensitivetoothernuances.Forexample,tradersintheforeignexchangemarketbelievethattheFedhasactedquicklyandflexiblycontrolledinflationarypressures,andtheU.S.dollarmaymaintainitsvalueorevenappreciate.
Derivativemeaning
CoreCPI,referstotheconsumerpriceindexafterexcludingthepricesofproductsthataregreatlyaffectedbyclimateandseasonalfactors.
Asof2013,mycountryhasnotyetclearlydefinedthecoreCPI.TheU.S.usestheconsumerpriceindexafterexcludingfuelandfoodpricesasthecoreCPI.
ThismethodwasfirstproposedbytheAmericaneconomistRobertJ.Gordonin1975.ItsbackgroundwasthattheUnitedStateswasaffectedbythefirstoilcrisisfrom1974to1975.Therehasbeensignificantinflation,andtheincreaseinconsumerpricesatthattimewasmainlyaffectedbytheincreaseinfoodpricesandenergyprices.Atthattime,manyeconomistsbelievedthattheincreaseinfoodandenergypricesintheUnitedStateswasmainlyaffectedbysupplyfactorsandlessaffectedbydemand.Therefore,theyproposedtodeductchangesinfoodandenergypricesfromtheCPItomeasureprices.Themethodoflevelchange.
Since1978,theU.S.BureauofLaborStatisticshasannouncedtherateofincreaseafterexcludingfoodandenergypricesfromtheconsumerpriceindexandtheproducerpriceindex(PPI).However,evenintheAmericaneconomicscircle,thereisstillalotofcontroversyastowhetherfoodandenergypricesshouldbedeductedfromtheCPItodeterminethepricelevel,andtherearemanyopponents.
Calculationstatistics
Scopeofstatistics
Theconsumerpriceindex(CPI)coversthefood,tobacco,alcohol,clothing,housing,anddailynecessitiesconsumedbyurbanandruralresidentsnationwidePricesofgoodsandservicesin262basiccategoriesin8categories,includingservices,transportationandcommunications,education,cultureandentertainment,medicalcare,andothersuppliesandservices.
Surveymethod
Samplingsurveymethodsareusedtoselectanddeterminethesurveysites,andaccordingtotheprincipleof"fixedpersons,fixedsites,andtimed",directlysendpeopletothesurveysitestocollecttheoriginalprices.Thedatacomesfrommorethan88,000pricesurveypointsin500citiesandcountiesin31provinces(regionsandcities)acrossthecountry,includingshoppingmalls(stores),supermarkets,farmer'smarkets,serviceoutletsandInternete-commerce.
Calculationformula
CPI=(Thevalueofagroupoffixedgoodscalculatedatthecurrentpricedividedbythevalueofagroupoffixedgoodscalculatedatthebaseperiodprice)×100%
Statisticalmethods
Thesurveyteamsofallprovinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities)shallselectsurveycitiesandcountiesandpricesurveypointslocally.Atpresent,thereareatotalofmorethan500citiesandcountiesinthesurveyareainmycountry,88,000pricesamplingsites,andnearly4,000professionallytrainedpricecollectorsengagedinpricecollection.
I.Investigatecitiesandcountiestoindependentlyselectpricesurveypoints
CitiesandcountiesmustdetermineShops,farmer’smarkets,andserviceoutletsforpricesurveys(referredtoassurveypointsinstatisticalterms).Themethodfordeterminingsurveypointsisasfollows:Allsurveyoutletsaremarkedbyretailsalesandbusinessscale,andlineupfromhightolow;accordingtorequirementsThenumberofsurveypointsissampledequidistantlyandselectedbasedontheprincipleofconsideringbothsizeandreasonabledistribution.
Second,pricecollection
Allprovinces(regions,cities)havefixedpricesTheinvestigatorsandtemporaryinvestigatorsshallcollectpricesinaccordancewithuniformregulations.Aftertheinvestigationpointisdetermined,thepriceinvestigatorsofeachcityandcountyshallcollectandregisterthepricesofgoodsorservicesinselectedstores,marketsandserviceoutletsaccordingtothespecifiedtimeusingtheprincipleof"threedeterminations".,Timing,andsettingpeopletodirectlypurchaseprices.Thefixedpointistogototheselectedsurveypoint,thatis,thefixedsurveystoreandthefarmer'smarket,toensurethestabilityandcomparabilityofthesourceofpriceinformation.Timing,thatis,thepriceiscollectedonafixeddayandtime.Thisistoensurethatthebaseperiodpriceandthereportingperiodpricearecomparableintime,becausethetimeofcollectingthepriceisdifferent,andthepriceofthecommodityisalsodifferent.Thisisthemostobviousmanifestationoffreshandlivecommodities,suchasfreshvegetables,whichusuallyhavehigherpriceswhentheyarefirstlaunchedinthemorning,andlowerpriceswhenthemarketclosesintheevening.Therefore,whenconductingpricesurveys,notonlyshouldthenumberofsurveysandthedateofeachmonthbeconsistent,thetimeofeachsurveyshouldalsoberelativelyfixed.Appointmentreferstotheinvestigationbyfixedinvestigatorswithinacertainperiodoftime.Thisistoavoidman-madepriceinvestigationerrorscausedbyfrequentchangesofinvestigators,andtomaintainthestability,continuityandcomparabilityofpriceinformation.Atthesametime,computermanagementsystemsatpricecollectionpointsareoftenusedinvariousplacesasanauxiliarysurveytool.Thepricesofthesamespecificationsmustbecomparable,thatis,thenatureoftheproductsisbasicallythesameandcanbecompared;ifthelistedpriceoftheproductisinconsistentwiththeactualtransactionprice,itshouldbeinvestigatedCollectactualtransactionprices;forcommoditiesthatarecloselyrelatedtoresidents'livesandfrequentlychangeprices(suchasfreshvegetables,freshfruitsandotherfreshfoods),investigatepricesatleastonceevery5days;surveypricesforgeneralcommodities2-3timesamonth.
3.Datareporting
CitiesandcountiespassthesurveyedpricedataeverymonthReportthedatatotheprovincial(regional,municipal)investigationteam.Afterreview,theinvestigationteamwillreportthedatatotheNationalBureauofStatisticswithinthespecifiedtime.
Historicaldata
2014
ThereportreleasedbytheNationalBureauofStatisticsonFebruary14,2014showsthattheoveralllevelofconsumerpricesnationwideinJanuaryrose2.5year-on-year%,theincreasewasthesameaslastmonth.ThesurveyshowsthatinJanuary,nationalfoodpricesroseby3.7%year-on-year,whichaffectedtheincreaseincpibyabout1.23percentagepointsyear-on-year.Amongthem,thepriceoffreshfruitroseby23.0%year-on-year,thepriceofliquidmilkanddairyproductsroseby11.9%,thepriceoffreshvegetablesroseby2.1%,andthepriceofporkfellby4.3%.
OnJune26,2014,theShenzhensurveyteamoftheNationalBureauofStatisticsreleaseddata.Thesurveydataof7citiesinBeijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Shenzhen,andJiangsushowedthattheconsumerpriceindex(CPI)ofShenzhenfromJanuarytoMayTheaverageyear-on-yearincreasewas2.9%,whichwashigherthanthenationalandprovincialaverages.Amongthesevencities,Shenzhenstillrankedfirst.
InJune2014,theCPIrose2.3%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.4%,ruralareasroseby2.1%;foodpricesroseby3.7%,non-foodpricesroseby1.7%;consumergoodspricesroseby2.2%,andservicepricesroseby2.6%.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,CPIroseby2.3%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InJune2014,whenthenationalconsumerprice(CPI)risefellback,Beijing'sCPIusheredinacounter-trendrebound.AccordingtodatareleasedbytheBeijingBureauofStatisticsandtheBeijingSurveyTeamoftheNationalBureauofStatisticsonJuly10,theoveralllevelofBeijing’sCPIrose2.2%year-on-yearinJune,up0.1percentagepointfromthepreviousmonth.Thepricesoftheeightcategoriesofcommoditiesshowedapatternof"sevenupsandonedown".Amongthem,thepriceofresidenceroseby1.6%year-on-year,up0.1%fromthepreviousmonth,biddingfarewelltotheslowdowningrowththisyear.
OnJuly9,2014,theNationalBureauofStatisticsreleasedJune’smacroeconomicdata.TheNationalConsumerIndex(CPI)roseby2.3%year-on-year,whichwasbasicallythesameasthepreviousmonth,inlinewithmarketexpectations.
July16,2014AccordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics,inthefirsthalfoftheyear,consumerpricesroseby2.3%year-on-year,whichwasthesameasthefirstquarter.
InSeptember2014,theCPIincreasedby1.6%year-on-year,lowerthanexpected,andhita56-monthlow.ThemarketexpectsSeptemberCPItoincreaseby1.7%year-on-year.InAugust,theCPIincreasedby2.0%year-on-year.InSeptember,thePPIfell1.8%year-on-year,andhita5-monthlow.ThemarketexpectsSeptemberPPItofall1.6%year-on-year.InAugust,thePPIfell1.2%year-on-year.
InDecember2014,thenationalconsumerpricelevelroseby1.5%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby1.6%,ruralareasroseby1.3%;foodpricesroseby2.9%,non-foodpricesroseby0.8%;consumergoodspricesroseby1.4%,andservicepricesroseby1.8%.In2014,thenationalconsumerpricelevelroseby2.0%overthepreviousyear.
In2014,13ofthe31provincesandautonomousregionshadaCPIincreasethatexceededthenationallevel,andallofthembidfarewelltothe"3eras."Inthelistof31provinces’CPIincrease,Tibet’sCPIroseby2.9%year-on-yearandrankedfirst,andHeilongjiangonlyroseby1.5%andrankedatthebottom.
In2014,therewere16provincesandautonomousregionswheretheCPIwasat"2Times"andabove,withthehighestincreaseof2.9%.However,noprovinceisinthe"3era"orabove.AccordingtohistoricaldatafromtheLocalEconomicDatabaseofChinaEconomicNet,thehighestincreasein2013wasinQinghai,reaching4%,followedbyXinjiang,Ningxiaandotherprovincesinthe"3era",andnoneoftheprovincesroselessthan2%.In2014,inadditiontothe31provincesandregionsbidfarewelltothe"3eras",another15provincesandregionsreturnedtothe"1era".Inthiscase,manyinstitutionsandexpertsremindedthatin2015,weneedtobealerttotheriskofdeflation.
2015
Inthefirsthalfof2015,thenationalCPIroseby1.3%year-on-year.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,18ofthe31provincesandautonomousregionshadaCPIthatexceededthenationallevel.Inthe31provincesandregionsrankinglist,Qinghai'sCPIroseby2.93%year-on-yeartotopthelist,whileXinjiang'sCPIrosebyonly0.21%tothebottom.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,thepricelevelsinvariousregionscontinuedtorunatalowlevel,andtheupwardmomentumwasweak,and90%ofthemdidnotreach2%.
In2015,17ofthe31provincesandautonomousregionshadaCPIincreasethatexceededthenationallevel.Inthe31provincesandregionsrankinglist,Qinghai'sCPIroseby2.62%year-on-yeartotopthelist,whileXinjiang'sCPIrosebyonly0.57tothebottom.OnlyQinghai,Shanghai,andTibetareleftinthe"twoeras"ofCPI.
OnSeptember10,2015,theconsumerpriceCPIforAugustannouncedbytheNationalBureauofStatisticsroseby2.0%year-on-year,butthePPIforindustrialproducerpricesannouncedatthesametimefellby5.9%year-on-year,whichwasmorethanexpected.Ithitasix-yearlowandwasinanegativegrowthzoneforthe42ndmonthwithoutanysuspense.ThedifferencebetweenCPIandPPIreached7.9percentagepoints,thelargestdifferencesince1994.ThedivergenceofCPIandPPIteststhewisdomofmacro-control.ThebasicjudgmentoftheindustryisthattheriskofdeflationintheChineseeconomyisgreaterthantheriskofinflation,anditneedstocontinuetorelaxinthedirectionofcurrencyandothercontrolmeasures.Inaddition,thecentralbankandotherdepartmentshavealsostatedthattheywillnotaffectthejudgmentoftheoverallpricelevelduetothepricetrendofasinglecommodity.
2016
OnJanuary19,2016,theNationalBureauofStatisticsreleaseddatashowingthatin2015,consumerpricesrose1.4%overthepreviousyear.Amongthem,thecityroseby1.5%,andtheruralarearoseby1.3%.InDecember,consumerpricesroseby1.6%year-on-yearand0.5%month-on-month.
InMarch2016,thenationalconsumerpricelevelroseby2.3%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.3%,ruralareasroseby2.2%;foodpricesroseby7.6%,non-foodpricesroseby1.0%;consumergoodspricesroseby2.5%,andservicepricesroseby1.9%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoMarch,theoverallnationalconsumerpricelevelrose2.1%overthesameperiodlastyear.InMarch,theoveralllevelofconsumerpricesnationwidefellby0.4%month-on-month.Amongthem,urbanpricesfellby0.4%,ruralareasfellby0.4%;foodpricesfellby1.8%,non-foodpricesfellby0.1%;consumergoodspricesfellby0.6%,andservicepricesfellby0.2%.
In2016,consumerpricesroseby2.0%overthepreviousyear,thesameasthepreviousthreequarters.Amongthem,thecityroseby2.1%,andtheruralarearoseby1.9%.Intermsofcategories,food,tobaccoandalcoholpricesroseby3.8%,clothingroseby1.4%,housingroseby1.6%,dailynecessitiesandservicesroseby0.5%,transportationandcommunicationsfellby1.3%,education,cultureandentertainmentroseby1.6%,andhealthcareroseby3.8%.,Othersuppliesandservicesrose2.8%.Amongthepricesoffood,tobaccoandalcohol,grainpricesroseby0.5%,porkpricesby16.9%,andfreshvegetablespricesby11.7%.InDecember,consumerpricesroseby2.1%year-on-yearand0.2%month-on-month.Thefactorypriceofindustrialproducersforthewholeyearfell1.4%fromthepreviousyear.After54consecutivemonthsofyear-on-yeardeclinesinceSeptember,theyear-on-yearincreasehascontinuedtoexpand.InDecember,itrose5.5%year-on-yearand1.6%month-on-month.Thepurchasingpricesofindustrialproducersforthewholeyearfellby2.0%comparedwiththepreviousyear.InDecember,theyincreasedby6.3%year-on-yearand1.9%month-on-month.
2017
InFebruary2017,theNationalBureauofStatisticsannouncedtheJanuaryConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)of31provinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities)acrossthecountry.Datashowthattheyear-on-yearincreaseinCPIinJanuaryin30provincesallexpandedcomparedwiththatinDecemberlastyear.Expertsbelievethatthepressureofrisingpriceshasincreasedthisyear,butthelackofabasisforsharpincreasesmakesitdifficultforpricestorise.
InMarch2017,accordingtothewebsiteoftheStatisticsBureau,inFebruary,thenationalconsumerpricelevelrose0.8%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby0.9%,ruralareasroseby0.6%;foodpricesfellby4.3%,non-foodpricesroseby2.2%;consumergoodspricesfellby0.1%,andservicepricesroseby2.4%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoFebruary,thenationalconsumerpricelevelroseby1.7%overthesameperiodlastyear.
OnApril12,2017,theNationalBureauofStatisticsreleasedthenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)andindustrialproducerpriceindex(PPI)dataforMarch2017:CPIfell0.3%month-on-monthandroseyear-on-year0.9%;PPIincreasedby0.3%month-on-monthand7.6%year-on-year.
InApril2017,thenationalconsumerpricelevelroseby1.2%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby1.3%,ruralareasroseby0.8%;foodpricesfellby3.5%,non-foodpricesroseby2.4%;consumergoodspricesroseby0.2%,andservicepricesroseby2.9%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoApril,thenationalconsumerpricelevelroseby1.4%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InMay2017,theNationalBureauofStatisticsannouncedtheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)of31provinces(autonomousregionsandmunicipalities)inApril:23provinces’AprilCPIincreasedyear-on-yearcomparedwithMarch,with12TheincreaseofprovincialCPIwashigherthanthenationallevel.Atthesametime,thepriceincreaseinmostprovincesstayedinthe"1"era,andonlyHainanandTianjinincreasedbymorethan2%.
2018
OnAugust9,2018,theNationalBureauofStatisticsreleaseddatashowingthatinJuly,thenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)rose2.1%year-on-year,anincreaseoverthepreviousmonthExpandedby0.2percentagepoints.Theyear-on-yearincreaseinCPIhasreturnedtothe"Era2"afterbeinginthe"Era1"forthreeconsecutivemonths.
OnSeptember14,2018,theCPIgrowthratehasexpandedfortwoconsecutivemonths,andpriceincreasesareexpectedtobestrongintherecentperiod.IsitpossiblethattheChineseeconomywillexperiencestagflation?MaoShengyong,spokespersonfortheNationalBureauofStatistics,respondedatapressconferenceheldbytheStateCouncilInformationOfficethatstagflationorsimilarstagflationdoesnotexist.
InOctober2018,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.5%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.5%,ruralareasroseby2.6%;foodpricesroseby3.3%,non-foodpricesroseby2.4%;consumergoodspricesroseby2.8%,andservicepricesroseby2.1%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoOctober,nationalconsumerpricesrose2.1%overthesameperiodlastyear.Themonth-on-monthincreasewas0.2%.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby0.2%,ruralareasroseby0.2%;foodpricesfellby0.3%,non-foodpricesroseby0.3%;consumergoodspricesroseby0.3%,andservicepricesremainedflat.
InNovember2018,thenationalconsumerpriceindexroseby2.2%year-on-year,andtherateofincreasefellbackfromthepreviousmonth;themonth-on-monthratioturnedfromanincreasetoadecrease.
2019
InJanuary2019,theCPIroseby1.7%year-on-year,fromthepreviousvalueof1.9%andtheexpectedvalueof1.9%.China'sCPIrose0.5%month-on-monthinJanuary,thepreviousvaluewas0%,andtheexpectedvaluewas0.5%.
NationalCPIandPPIdataforFebruary2019.Fromamonth-on-monthperspective,CPIroseby1.0%,anincreaseof0.5percentagepointsfromthepreviousmonth.Fromayear-on-yearperspective,theCPIroseby1.5%,adecreaseof0.2percentagepointsfromthepreviousmonth.
InMarch2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.3%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.3%,ruralareasroseby2.3%;foodpricesroseby4.1%,non-foodpricesroseby1.8%;consumergoodspricesroseby2.4%,andservicepricesroseby2.0%.Inthefirstquarter,theoverallnationalconsumerpricelevelroseby1.8%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InApril2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.5%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.5%,ruralareasroseby2.6%;foodpricesroseby6.1%,non-foodpricesroseby1.7%;consumergoodspricesroseby2.9%,andservicepricesroseby2.0%.
InMay2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.7%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.7%,ruralareasroseby2.8%;foodpricesroseby7.7%,non-foodpricesroseby1.6%;consumergoodspricesroseby3.2%,andservicepricesroseby1.9%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoMay,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.2%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InJune2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.7%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanandruralareasbothrose2.7%;foodpricesrose8.3%,non-foodpricesrose1.4%;consumergoodspricesrose3.2%,andservicepricesrose1.8%.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.2%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InJuly2019,nationalconsumerpricesroseby2.8%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.7%,ruralareasroseby2.9%;foodpricesroseby9.1%,non-foodpricesroseby1.3%;consumergoodspricesroseby3.4%,andservicepricesroseby1.8%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoJuly,nationalconsumerpricesroseby2.3%comparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.
InAugust2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.8%year-on-year.Amongthem,citiesroseby2.8%,ruralareasroseby3.1%;foodpricesroseby10.0%.Amongthem,thepriceoflivestockmeatincreasedby30.9%,whichaffectedtheincreaseofCPIbyapproximately1.31percentagepoints,andthepriceofporkincreasedby46.7%,whichaffectedtheincreaseofCPIbyapproximately1.08percentagepoints.
InSeptember2019,nationalconsumerpricesroseby3.0%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.8%,ruralareasroseby3.6%;foodpricesroseby11.2%,non-foodpricesroseby1.0%;consumergoodspricesroseby4.0%,andservicepricesroseby1.3%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoSeptember,nationalconsumerpricesroseby2.5%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InOctober2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby3.8%year-on-year,anincreaseof0.8percentagepointsfromthepreviousmonth.
InNovember2019,nationalconsumerpricesrose4.5%year-on-year.
InDecember2019,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby4.5%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby4.2%,ruralareasroseby5.3%;foodpricesroseby17.4%,non-foodpricesroseby1.3%;consumergoodspricesroseby6.4%,andservicepricesroseby1.2%.
2020
InJanuary2020,thenationalconsumerprice(CPI)roseby5.4%year-on-year,anincreaseof0.9percentagepointsfromthepreviousmonth.
InFebruary2020,thenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)roseby5.2%year-on-year,andtheincreasewas0.2percentagepointslowerthanthepreviousmonth.
InMarch2020,thenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)roseby4.3%year-on-year,adecreaseof0.9percentagepointsfromthepreviousmonth.
OnApril17,2020,thenationalconsumerpricesinthefirstquarterof2020increasedby4.9%year-on-year.Afterdeductingfoodandenergyprices,thecoreCPIroseby1.3%.
InApril2020,nationalconsumerpricesrose3.3%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby3.0%,ruralareasroseby4.0%;foodpricesroseby14.8%,non-foodpricesroseby0.4%;consumergoodspricesroseby4.7%,andservicepricesroseby0.9%.
InMay2020,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.4%year-on-year,adecreaseof0.9percentagepointsfromthepreviousmonth.Amongthem,foodpricesroseby10.6%,andnon-foodpricesroseby0.4%;intermsofindustry,thenationalfactorypricesforindustrialproducersfellby3.7%year-on-yearand0.4%month-on-month.
InJune2020,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.5%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.2%,ruralareasroseby3.2%;foodpricesroseby11.1%,non-foodpricesroseby0.3%;consumergoodspricesroseby3.5%,andservicepricesroseby0.7%.Inthefirsthalfoftheyear,nationalconsumerpricesroseby3.8%overthesameperiodlastyear.Nationalconsumerpricesfellby0.1%month-on-month.Amongthem,thecityfellby0.1%andruralareasremainedflat;foodpricesrose0.2%,non-foodpricesfell0.1%;consumergoodspricesremainedflat,andservicepricesfell0.1%.
InJuly2020,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.7%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby2.4%,ruralareasroseby3.7%;foodpricesroseby13.2%,non-foodpriceswereflat;consumergoodspricesroseby4.3%,andservicepriceswereflat.
InSeptember2020,thenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)roseby1.7%year-on-year,andtheincreasewas0.7percentagepointslowerthanthepreviousmonth.FromJanuarytoSeptember,nationalconsumerpricesroseby3.3%overthesameperiodlastyear.
InOctober2020,thenationalconsumerprice(CPI)increasedby0.5%year-on-year.FromJanuarytoOctober,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby3.0%overthesameperiodlastyear.InOctober,thenationalconsumerpricesfellby0.3%month-on-month.
InNovember2020,thenationalconsumerpricesfellby0.5%year-on-year.FromJanuarytoNovember,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby2.7%overthesameperiodlastyear.InNovember,thenationalconsumerpricesfellby0.6%month-on-month.
InDecember2020,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby0.2%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesrose0.2%,ruralareasrose0.2%;foodpricesrose1.2%,non-foodpricesremainedflat;consumergoodspricesrose0.2%,andservicepricesrose0.3%.
OnJanuary11,2021,theNationalBureauofStatisticsreleaseddata.Forthewholeyearof2020,thenationalconsumerpricewillincreaseby2.5%overthepreviousyear.Goodrealization.
2021
InFebruary2021,thenationalconsumerpricesfellby0.2%year-on-year.Amongthem,thecityfellby0.2%,ruralareasfellby0.1%;foodpricesfellby0.2%,non-foodpricesfellby0.2%;consumergoodspricesfellby0.3%,andservicepricesfellby0.1%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoFebruary,thenationalconsumerpricesfellby0.3%comparedwiththesameperiodlastyear.
InMarch2021,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby0.4%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby0.5%,ruralareasroseby0.4%;foodpricesfellby0.7%,non-foodpricesroseby0.7%;consumergoodspricesroseby0.6%,andservicepricesroseby0.2%.Inthefirstquarter,thenationalconsumerpriceswerethesameasthesameperiodlastyear.
InApril2021,nationalconsumerpricesroseby0.9%year-on-year.Amongthem,urbanpricesroseby1.0%,ruralareasroseby0.7%;foodpricesfellby0.7%,non-foodpricesroseby1.3%;consumergoodspricesroseby1.0%,andservicepricesroseby0.7%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoApril,thenationalconsumerpricesroseby0.2%overthesameperiodlastyear.
OnJune9,2021,theNationalBureauofStatisticsreleaseddata.InMay,thenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)roseby1.3%year-on-year.
OnJuly9,2021,theNationalConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)inJunerose1.1%year-on-year,andfell0.4%month-on-month.
OnAugust9,2021,thenationalconsumerpriceindex(CPI)inJulyroseby1.0%year-on-year,andtheincreasewas0.1%lowerthanthepreviousmonth.Amongthem,foodpricesfellby3.7%,non-foodpricesroseby2.1%;consumergoodspricesroseby0.6%,andservicepricesroseby1.6%.Thepriceofporkinfoodpricesfellby43.5%.OnaveragefromJanuarytoJuly,CPIrose0.6%fromthesameperiodlastyear.
Adjustmentmeasures
TheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)coversfood,tobacco,alcoholandsupplies,clothing,householdequipmentandmaintenanceservices,medicalcareandpersonalconsumptionofurbanandruralresidentsacrossthecountry.Pricesofgoodsandservicesin262basiccategoriesineightcategories,includingsupplies,transportationandcommunications,entertainment,educationandculturalproductsandservices,andhousing.Datacomesfrom500citiesandcountiesand63,000pricesurveypointsin31provinces(regionsandcities)acrossthecountry,includinggrocerystores,departmentstores,supermarkets,conveniencestores,specialtymarkets,specialtystores,shoppingcenters,andfarmer’smarketsandservicesConsumerunits,etc.
Inordertobetteradapttomycountry’seconomicandsocialdevelopmentandchangesintheconsumptionstructureofurbanandruralresidents,andtoeffectivelyensurethescientificityandaccuracyofCPIcalculations,wehavemaderoutineadjustmentstotheCPIsurveyplan,involvingcomparisonofbaseperiods,weightsNumbercomposition,surveysites,andadjustmentstorepresentativespecifications.
1.StartingfromJanuary2011,mycountry'sCPIbegantocalculatethepriceindexsequencebasedon2010.ThisisthesecondroundofroutinereplacementofthebaseperiodsincethecalculationoftheCPIfixedbasepriceindexin2001.Thebaseperiodofthefirstroundwas2000andthebaseperiodofthesecondroundwas2005.Thebaseperiodisadjustedtomakeiteasiertocompare.Becausethelongerthecomparisonbaseperiod,thegreaterthechangeinpricespecifications,andthelowerthecomparability.Every0every5yearsischosenasthecomparisonbaseperiodforcalculatingCPI,inordertomaintainthesamecycleasthefive-yearplanfornationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentinmycountry,soastofacilitatedataanalysisanduse.
Second,accordingtothe2010NationalUrbanandRuralResidents’ConsumptionExpenditureSurveydataandstatisticaldatafromrelevantdepartments,theCPIweightingcompositionhasbeenadjustedaccordinglyinaccordancewiththeregulations.Amongthem,housingincreasedby4.22%,fooddecreasedby2.21%,tobaccoandalcoholdecreasedby0.51%,clothingdecreasedby0.49%,householdequipmentandservicesdecreasedby0.36%,medicalcareandpersonalsuppliesdecreasedby0.36%,transportationandcommunicationsdecreased0.05%,entertainment,educationandculturalgoodsandservicesdecreasedby0.25%.
3.Accordingtothelatestbusinessformats,farmer’smarkets,andserviceconsumptionunitsintheselectedsurveycitiesandcountiesin2010,andinaccordancewiththeprinciplesandmethodsuniformlyprescribedbythestate,13,000surveysiteshavebeenadded.Thenumberofsurveysites(includinggrocerystores,departmentstores,supermarkets,conveniencestores,specialtymarkets,specialtystores,shoppingcenters,andfarmer’smarketsandserviceunits,etc.)collectingCPIpricesacrossthecountryreached63,000.
Four.Theselectedsurveycitiesandcountiesupdatedsomerepresentativespecificationsinatimelymannerbasedontheconsumptionlevelandconsumptionhabitsoflocalresidentsinaccordancewiththeprinciplesandmethodsuniformlyprescribedbythestate.
DataAnnouncement
China
ThemonthlyCPIdataispublishedbytheNationalBureauofStatisticsintheformofapressrelease.ThedisseminationoftheofficialwebsiteoftheNationalBureauofStatistics.ThetimewhentheNationalBureauofStatisticsreleasestheCPIisgenerallyaroundthe13thofthemonthafterthemonth,anditispostponedtoaroundthe20thofthemonthafterthequarterandyear.
Thecontentoftheconsumerpriceindexannouncementincludes:(1)CPIofthecountryandeachprovince(region,city);(2)CPIof36largeandmedium-sizedcities.TheCPImonthlypressreleaseoftheNationalBureauofStatisticscontainsthegeneralindex,themajorindexandsomeofthemiddleindex(suchasthepriceoffood,thepriceoffood,thepriceofmeat,poultryandproducts,thepriceoffresheggs,thepriceofaquaticproducts,thepriceoffreshvegetables,andthepriceoffreshfruits).Price,condimentprice,etc.)changedescription.
UnitedStates
TheConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)intheUnitedStatesconstitutesthemaincommoditiesofthisindexintoeightcategories,including:food,wineandbeverages,housing,clothing,Educationandcommunications,transportation,medicineandhealth,entertainment,othergoodsandservices,themarketisverysensitive.IntheUnitedStates,thehouseholdconsumptionindexispublishedmonthlybytheBureauofLaborStatisticsat8:30amEasternTime;publishedinthesecondorthirdweekofthereportingmonth.Therearetwodifferentconsumerpriceindexes:oneistheconsumerpriceindexforworkersandemployees,orCPI-Wforshort.Thesecondistheconsumerpriceindexofurbanconsumers,referredtoasCPI-U.