Chinese spoken grammar

Content Description

"Chinese Speaking Grammar" Total Chapter 8: Chapter Chapter, Chapter 2 Sentence, Chapter 3 Words and Mythin, Chapter 4 Morphological Type, Five-chapter syntax type, Chapter 6 compound words, seventh chapter, the word, Chapter 8 verbs and other words. Among them, second, fifth chapter specially talks about the structure (phrase) and sentences in Chinese syntax, the rest of the five chapters (3, 4, 6, 7, 8) mainly talk about the problem of morphum and words in Chinese grammar, but The author did not cut the words and syntax questions, but introduced it.

Works Catalog

Creation Background

Zhao Yuanyi's 1968 published "a grammar of "Spoken Chinese" ("Chinese Dragonfly") is to study or study modern Chinese grammar for English and American readers. In 1979, Mr. Lu Shuxiang translated the book into Chinese, and the book is changed to "Chinese Speaking Syntai"; in order to meet the needs of Chinese readers, considering the situation, important local transliteration, most places to pass, simple, but the content Say, there is no substantial cut.

Works Ideas

The author believes that the syntax is broad, narrow. Generalized grammar is a comprehensive narrative, including voice. The book uses a narrow sense of grammar, ie, is more research on the language of the voice. In addition, the book is the syntax of the structure, and does not intend to establish a system of Chinese to generate syntax. The Chinese saying that the Chinese language refers to Beijing dialect in the middle of the twentieth century is the style of informal speaking. The authors use the direct component analysis method as an important means of grammar research. The authors pointed out that the unit worth considering in the syntax has a certain unity in a similar environment. This form is called ingredients to distinguish between any cut from a large form. When a complex form is divided into several ingredients, the result of the first division is its direct component. For example, "Chinese words", direct ingredients are "said" and "Chinese", "Chinese" is "China" and "words".

The author uses the structuralist theory as the sentence as the sentence, pointing out: the sentence is an important voice unit in the maximum grammatical analysis. One sentence is a trip-bearing language that is parked by two heads. This pause should be understood as the intention of speaking. A sentence is a free form. If a one may be in the form of a sentence, it is connected to another form, and there is no pause in the middle, then it is no longer a sentence, and the greater form may become a sentence. The author divides the sentence into a zero sentence from the structure. The whole sentence has the subject, the predicate, is the most common type in the continuous discussion. There is no subject - predicate form, most common in dialogue and speaking, action doping. The subject and predicate is often the relationship between the actioners and the actions in the Indo-European grammar, but the proportion of this sentence in Chinese is not big. For this purpose, the author believes that the subject, predicate as a topic and instructions are treated. Similarly, when analyzing the predicate, the authors pointed out that Chinese logical predicate and syntax predication may inconsistent. In addition, the authors pointed out that the entire sentence consists of zero sentences, and the zero sentence is fundamentally. General Chinese jurists divide the sentence into a narrative sentence, describing the sentence, judgment sentence, in general, respectively, the word statement, the term phrase statement, the noun, but is not completely equivalent, some varies. However, the author believes that another classification is more dependent on the form, and is divided into: (1) Comparison (2) Affirmation (3). The authors pointed out: There is no one in each language, and its role is roughly the same as words in English. In Chinese, we will encounter various units similar to Word, they are eligible for words, and its range has a cross, but they are not exactly the same as Word. However, the author still uses the term "word" and is limited, but not will not be invited to collect new terms. He believes that never misunderstandings, but it will not be understood. The authors pointed out: We don't require the word to be a minimum unit that can be said separately, we only ask it to be minimal units that can fill in some functional frames.

The author is a stricter definition for each word, which is a big difference with the previous Chinese grammar. In the specific classification, the body is divided into nouns, special names, the words, time words, limit words word compounds, nouns, quantifiers, positioning words, synonymous. A word class, which may be exhaustive, etc., which may be exhausted, and the features and unity of their functions may be listed. The author also analyzed the words and form classes, indicating that the formal class is a class of language, in general, a word class is a form of a word. Words and other forms sometimes use enumeration members to specify without having to explain the common nature of members (such as synonymous, snapping words), but nouns and verbs can not be poor in the scope of a grammar, the former is available Class, the latter is an open class. In addition, each language has a certain proportion of words that are two or three categories.

When discussing the form and syntax, the authors pointed out: according to the general definition, the internal structure of morphological studies, the relationship between syntactic studies and words. Therefore, as long as the unit in the wide language is clear, the boundaries of morphology and syntax in that language are clear. Ancient Chinese morphological means is a few, and it is non-producing, so the Western scholars are generally the Chinese grammar all the syntax, but the modern Chinese double sound sides, the multi-sounding words account for most, and the adhesive form in a few compound words has changed To, the function of the symbol is used to form various types of derivative words. The authors list 4 morphological types: overlapping, prefix, prefix, suffix. The compounds caused by the roots, the relationship involving the relationship between the same syntactic structure is the same. When discussing the syntax type, the authors pointed out that people often say that all syntax of Chinese is syntax, and all Chinese syntax is all word sequence. But actually speech and selectivity is also important. Bronfield believes that there are four elements in the form of language, together constitute syntax: (1) order, (2) rhythm, (3) Voice change, (4) Select. The book points out: these four elements have a small role in Chinese grammar. In modern Chinese, rhythm and speech changes are not important, order and options play a major role in grammatical arrangements. Selectivity means that certain types of forms combine to form certain types of syntax structures in the form of some species. The importance of selectivity is second only to words. In addition, the main syntax division in the sentence is divided into subjects and predicates, constitutes a restructuring structure, and some smaller structures, namely, the side structure, the main slave structure, the cable structure, the linkage, and the dynamic structure. The species of the words in the structure are not equal to the word class. The author uses the theory of structuralism and considers the inner central structure and external center structure in terms of words. About compound words, there are two kinds of broad and narrow, which is generally intended. How to classify the compound word, the author introduces eight classification angles, and then the most important type, that is, from the perspective of the structure, discussed in detail. This part and the number of words can be listed, the author collects a lot of examples, and the space is longer.

The book is used as an important method of research grammar in direct component analysis. Although the author will learn from structuralism, do not take theory, pay attention to take care of The actual situation of Chinese.

Works Influence

"Chinese Speak Syntimatics" is the first research method using structuralism and conversion grammar, and the Chinese language spoken to the pure Chinese spoken language is completely described. Grammar work has had a big impact in China.

"Chinese Speaking Grammar" is rich in information, there are many unique insights. Chinese Taiwan, Hong Kong and other places use conversion to generate syntax theory or scholarship theory of Chinese grammar, and use it as a major reference book. At the same time, the book will have a certain role in further studying Chinese spoken grammar, active academic air.

Publishing information

The original "Grammar of Spoken Chinese), published by the United States Berkeley, 1968, 1979 Lu Shuxiang translated this book into Chinese, book names are changed to "Chinese Speaking Grammar", published by the business printed library. Another Chinese translated in Chinese translation is "Chinese language", Ding Bang New Translation, 1980 Hong Kong Chinese University Press Publishing.

Author About

Zhao Yuanyi (1892-1982), American language, original Jiangsu Changzhou. In the early years, I learned to study in Tsinghua University. Two two times in the youth, first attending the number, after reading the philosophy, music, and finally specializing in the linguistics. He has served as Tsinghua University, the President of the University of Yale University, Harvard University, California University and American Language Society. After retirement in 1963, stayed in the United States. Mr. Zhao has a deep linguistics, and writes a large number of academic books of Chinese and Chinese characters. It represents the "Modern Wu language" "The Type of Chinese Dialect" "Zhong Xiang Diarui" "Hubei Dialect Investigation Report "Zhongshan dialect" "Chinese common plant" "Chinese style use words".