China Satellite

Introduction

Dongfanghong-1satellite

TheDongfanghong-1satellitewasdevelopedandsuccessfullydevelopedbyChinaonApril24,1970Thefirstartificialsatellitelaunched.Itsmissionistoconductsatellitetechnologyexperimentstodetecttheionosphereandatmosphericdensity.Thesatellitehasadeadweightof173kilogramsandadoptsaspinattitudestabilizationmethod.Theinitialorbitparametersare439kilometersperigee,2384kilometersapogee,withaninclinationof68.5degrees,andanoperatingperiodof114minutes.Outsidethesatelliteisasphericalpolyhedronwithadiameterofabout1meter.Itplaysthemusic"Dongfanghong"atafrequencyof20.009MHz.Dongfanghong-1satelliteisthefirstartificialearthsatellitelaunchedbyChinaonApril24,1970.Inchronologicalorder,aftertheSovietUnion,theUnitedStates,France,andJapan,Chinaisthefifthcountryintheworldtolaunchdomesticsatelliteswithself-maderockets.

Mainparameters

Satellitemass

173kg

Satelliteshape

Theshapeofthesatelliteis1meterindiameterandissimilarto72facesSphere

Perigee:

439kilometers

Apogee

2384kilometers

Purpose

Broadcastthe"Dongfanghong"music

Currentstatus

February1,200915:08:32basedonNASAdatafrom.Latitude:64.02degreesLongitude:35.07kilometersOrbitalinclination:205.64degreesOperationperiod:110.6minutesSpeed:7.55KM/sAltitude:728.25KMPerigee:430kilometersApogee:2075kilometersSatellitereal-timestatustracking:(Asof11:39BeijingtimeonMarch6,2010,thesatelliteisenteringChinafromMongolia)

Equipment

Orbitalradartransponder,radarbeacon,telemetrydevice,electronictonegeneratorandtransmitter,scientifictestequipment,etc.Themaintaskofthesatelliteistoplaythe"Dongfanghong"musicintospace,whileconductingsatellitetechnologyexperimentstodetecttheionosphereandatmosphericdensity.Silver-zincbatteriesareusedasthepowersourceonthesatellite.Thebatterylifeislimited.Afterthesatelliterunsfor28days(designlifeis20days),thebatteryrunsout,the"Dongfanghong"musicstopsplaying,andthesatelliteendsitsworkinglife.However,theorbitallifeofasatelliteisnotover.Accordingtoorbitalcalculations,itcanruninspaceforhundredsofyears(withoutanyaccidents).

Birth

ThebirthofDongFangHongIsatellite

"DongFangHongI/RedEast1)ThesatelliteisChina'sfirstartificialsatellite.ItwasdevelopedbytheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnologywithQianXuesenandPanHourenasthecenter.Atthattime,atotaloffivesamplesatellitesweremade.Asaresult,thefirstsatellitewassuccessfullylaunched.Theinstituteformulatedthe"SamsungPlan":Dongfanghong-1,aretractablesatelliteandasynchronousorbitcommunicationsatellite,andSunJiadongwasthetechnicalpersoninchargeofthe"Dongfanghong-1"satelliteatthattime.In1967,DangHongxinandotherschoseacopper-basedantennadryfilmtosuccessfullysolvetheproblemofdifficultyintransmittingsignalsfromultrashortwaveantennasat100°Ctominus100°C.The"DongfanghongNo.1"satellitewasnamedafterengineersinstalledamusicalinstrumentthatsimulatestheperformanceof"Dongfanghong"andallowedtheearthtoreceivethispieceofmusicfromradiowaves.

In1956,Chinaincorporatedthedevelopmentofrockettechnologyintothenational12-yearscientificdevelopmentplan.In1957,thefamousscientistQianXuesenandothersactivelyinitiatedresearchonartificialsatellites.In1958,ComradeMaoZedongissuedacallfor"Wealsowanttobuildartificialsatellites."Basedonthisstrategicconsideration,theChineseAcademyofScienceslistedthedevelopmentandlaunchofartificialsatellitesasthefirstkeytaskin1958,whichopenedthepreludetoChina'smarchintospace.Thevastnumberofscientificandtechnologicalworkersworkedhard,workedhard,overcamedifficulties,andcompletelyreliedontheirownstrengthtoembarkontheroadtoconqueringspace.Atthattime,affectedbythe"GreatLeapForward",theideaof​​developinghigh-energypropellantcarrierrockets,launchingheavysatellites,andsendingChina'sfirstsatelliteintospaceontheNationalDayof1959wasproposed.However,thisideaisdivorcedfromChina'seconomicstrength,technologicallevel,andindustrialfoundation,andthereforelacksthepossibilityofrealization.OnJanuary21,1959,thePartyLeadershipGroupoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesconveyedComradeDengXiaoping’sinstructions:Satelliteswillnotbereleasednextyearandwillnotbecommensuratewithnationalpower.Accordingly,thedeploymentofmissionswasadjusted,andthespecificpolicyof"trainingwithsoundingrockets,layingthefoundationforspacephysicaldetection,continuouslyexploringthedevelopmentdirectionofsatellites,preparingfortheestablishmentofaspaceenvironmentsimulationlaboratory,andstudyinggroundtrackingandreceivingequipment"wasputforward.Throughtheimplementationofthispolicy,Chinahasmadegreatprogressinrockettechnology,spacecrafttechnology,payloadtechnology,attitudecontroltechnology,orbitdesignandlaunchtechnologyresearchandtesting,aswellaspersonneltrainingandtraining.

Launchprocess

OnApril24,1970,China’sfirstman-madeearthsatellitewassuccessfullylaunchedattheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenter,thusopeninganewerainChina’saerospacehistoryandmakingChinaItbecamethefifthcountryintheworldtoindependentlydevelopandlaunchartificialearthsatellitesaftertheSovietUnion,theUnitedStates,France,andJapan.TheDongfanghong1satelliteweighs173kilograms,andwassentbytheLongMarch1carrierrocketintoanellipticalorbitwithaperigeeof441kilometers,anapogeeof2368kilometers,andaninclinationof68.44degrees.Itmeasuredsatelliteengineeringparametersandspaceenvironment,andcarriedoutorbitalmeasurementandcontrolandbroadcastingof"Dongfanghong"music.Whenthe"Dongfanghong-1"satelliteistransportedbytrain,everytwotelephonepolesalongtherailwaylineareguardedbyaguardwithliveammunition.At21:35onApril24,1970,the"LongMarch1"carrierrocket(CZ-1)wasusedtolaunchthe"Dongfanghong-1"satellitefromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenterinNorthwestChina,anditwasscheduledtoenterat21:48.track.Themaintaskofthe"Dongfanghong-1"satelliteistoconductsatellitetechnologytestsanddetectionosphericandatmosphericdensity.Thesatelliteisanapproximatelyspherical72-sidedbodywithamassof173kgandadiameterofabout1meter.Itadoptsaspinattitudestabilizationmethodandarotationspeedof120rpm.Thesurfaceoftheshellismadeofaluminumalloyprocessedaccordingtothetemperaturecontrolrequirements.ThesphericalbodyisTherearefourwhip-shapedultrashortwaveantennasmorethantwometerslong,andthereareseparateringsforconnectingthelaunchvehicleatthebottom.Theorbitofthesatelliteis439kilometersperigee,2384kilometersapogee,andtheplaneoftheorbitandtheequatorialplaneoftheeartharenear-Earthellipticalorbitswithaninclinationof68.5degrees,andtheperiodofonecircleoftheearthis114minutes.Inadditiontobeingequippedwithtestequipment,the"Dongfanghong-1"satellitecanalsotransmit"Dongfanghong"musicatafrequencyof20MHz.Thesatelliteusessilver-zincbatteriesasitspowersource.The"Dongfanghong-1"satellitehasadesignedworkinglifeof20days(theactualworkinglifeis28days),duringwhichittransmitstelemetryparametersandvariousspaceexplorationdatabacktotheground,andstopstransmittingsignalsonMay14ofthesameyear.

Returntype

From1974to1996,Chinalaunchedatotalof17returnableremotesensingsatellites,and16ofthemreturnedtothegroundnormallyasplanned.Amongthem,thelongestflightinspaceis15days,andthelargeamountofremotesensingdatasentbackhasbeenwidelyusedinvariousfieldsofthenationaleconomyandinthemodernizationofnationaldefense,withhugesocialandeconomicbenefits.Thegoodmicrogravityenvironmentontheretractablesatelliteprovidesfavorableconditionsforthedevelopmentofspacelifesciences,materialsciencesandothermicro-forcescientificresearch.Thesatellitehasamassof1800-2100kgandaworkinglifeof3-15days.

Historicbreakthrough

TheresearchanddevelopmentofChina'sreturnablesatellitebeganin1966.Afterovercomingobstaclessuchassatelliteattitudecontroltechnology,satellitereentryheatprotectiontechnology,andsatelliterecoverytechnology,onNovember26,1975,China'sfirstretractablesatellitewasfinallysuccessfullylaunchedbytheLongMarch2carrierrocket.Ittraveledinorbitfor3days,andreturnedtothelandofChinaonNovember29thasscheduled.

Thesatelliteisasatellitethatoperatesinloworbit,adoptsathree-axisstabilizationmethod,isorientedtowardthecenteroftheearth,andthereturncapsulecansafelyreturntotheground.Itismainlyusedfornationallandsurveys.Itsorbitis:perigee173kilometers,apogee483kilometers,inclinationof63°,andorbitalperiodof91minutes.Itconsistsofaninstrumentcompartmentandareturncompartment,withamassof1790kg.Avisiblelightgroundobjectcameracarriedintheinstrumentcabinisusedforgroundphotographytoobtainremotesensingdataoftheearth;theotherstarryskycameraisusedforphotographyoftheskytodeterminetheattitudeaccuracyatthetimeofgroundphotography.Afterthesatellitecompletesitsphotographicmission,itwillrecyclethereturncabinwherethefilmisstoredinapredeterminedarea.

ItmakesChinathethirdcountryintheworldtomasterthetechnologyofreturnablesatellitesaftertheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.Thistechnologycanbesaidtobeaworldproblematthetime,eventodaythereareveryfewcountriesthatmasterit.Forthisreason,theUnitedStateshasspentthehighpriceofthefailureof12satellites,theSovietUnionalsopaidthetuitionfor13satellites,whileChinahaspaidmuchless.

From1974to2006,Chinahassuccessivelylaunched24retractablesatellites.Amongthem,23retractablesatellitesweresuccessfullyputintoorbitand22weresuccessfullyrecovered.ThisisoneofChina'smostsuccessfulaerospaceprograms.Theuseofreturnablesatellitescannotonlyperformremotesensing,microgravityexperimentsandnewtechnologyexperiments,butalsoprovideanimportantreferenceforChinatomastermannedspacecraftreturntechnology.Detectingthereturnablesatellites

UpgradingandreplacingBBK

ReturningsatellitesarecurrentlythemostfrequentlylaunchedsatellitesinChina,creatinghugesocialandeconomicbenefits.Chinahasdevelopedandlaunchedatotalof6typesofretractablesatellites:No.0,No.1,No.2,No.3,No.4,andNo.8insuccession.Amongthem,No.0isChina'sfirst-generationlandsurveysatellite;ReversibleSatellite1isChina’sfirst-generationphotographicsurveyingandmappingsatellite;ReversibleSatelliteNo.2isChina’ssecond-generationlandsurveysatellite;ReversibleSatelliteNo.3isChina’ssecond-generationphotographicsurveyingandmappingsatelliteforhigh-precisionphotographicsurveyingandmapping.Theaccuracyofsurveyingandmappinghasbeengreatlyimprovedcomparedtothefirstgeneration;ReversibleSatellite4isChina'sfirstgenerationofdetailedlandsurveysatellites;Shijian8isaspacebreedingsatellite.

Throughthedevelopmentof6typesofsatellites,Chinahassolvedvariouskeytechnologiessuchastheoveralldesign,manufacturing,large-scaletests,satellitelaunch,tracking,measurementandcontrol,andsatelliterecoveryofthereturnablesatellite,especiallythecompletionofreturnable3AfterthemissionsNo.4andNo.4,thereturnablesatelliteplatformhascontinuedtomatureanddevelop,andtheperformanceofthepayloadhasbeengreatlyimproved.Retrievablesatellitesforremotesensingoftheground

Innovativehighlightsoftheorbitretentiontest

China’suseoftheretractablesatellitesforthesatelliteretentiontestisaninnovation.Generally,duringthereturnprocessofsatellites,theinstrumentmoduleremainsintheoriginalorbitafterbeingseparatedfromthereturnmoduleandbecomesuselessspacejunk.Itsorbitgraduallydecayeduntilitfellintothedenseatmosphereandburned.Satelliteorbitretentiontestreferstotheuseofitsownfullattitudecapturefunctionaftertheinstrumentmoduleisseparatedtorestoretheinstrumentmoduletoitsnormaloperatingattitudeandbecomeanewtechnologytestsatellite.Inthisway,aseriesofscientificandtechnologicaltestscanbecarriedoutonit,especiallythosefailuremodeteststhatarenotsuitableforthenormaloperationofthesatellite,therebyturningwasteintotreasure.InJuly1994andNovember1996,thesecondandthirdreturnablesatelliteNo.2successfullycarriedouttwoorbitretentiontests.

One-satellitemulti-purposecarryingtest

Underthepremiseofcompletingtheearthobservation,someexperimentshavebeencarriedoutontheReversibleSatellite2intheformofcarryingScienceproject.Thecarryingprojectisdividedintoactivecarryingandpassivecarrying.Theformermeansthatthecarryingprojectrequireson-boardpowersupplyandservicessuchastelemetry,remotecontrol,programcontrol,thermalcontrol,anddatatransmission;thelattermeansthatthereisnoneedforon-boardpowersupplyorOtherservices.ThetwotypesofloadingexperimentscarriedoutonthethreereturnablesatellitesNo.2havebeensuccessful,achievingtheexpectedgoalofonesatellitewithmultipleusesandmultipleeffects.ThetotalmassofthepayloadcarriedbythethirdreturnablesatelliteNo.2reached265kilograms,whichisequivalenttolaunchingasmallscientificandtechnologicaltestsatellite.

Risingstarnew3stars

Intheearlyyearsofthe21stcentury,ChinasuccessivelylaunchedthereturnablesatellitesNo.3,No.4,andNo.8satellites.AlthoughtheyareallupgradedanddesignedonthebasisofthesatelliteplatformoftheRetrievableSatelliteNo.2,theyhavegreatlyimprovedandimprovedintermsofsatellitefunctions,orbitcontrolaccuracy,andoverallperformancesuchasreturncontrolcalculations.Andgreatlyextendtheflighttimeofthesatellite.

Outstandingfeatures

●Combinationofseparatesystems

ReturnableSatellite3isthesecond-generationphotographicsurveyingandmappingsatellite,andReturnableSatellite4isalandsurveysatellite.Scientificandtechnicalpersonnelhavecarriedouttheoverallschemedesignofthesetwomodelsaccordingtothedifferentuserequirementsofhigh-precisionphotographicsurveyinganddetailedlandsurveys,andunifiedthedesignandmanufactureofthesamesub-systemsandequipment,whichnotonlyguaranteesthemodel’squalityTheoveralldesignlevelhasgreatlyimprovedtheefficiencyofmanufacturing,testingandflightmissions.OnthebasisoftheRetrievableSatellite3,itwasmodifiedanddesignedtopracticethe8thplatformplan.

●Expansionoftheinstrumentcompartment

ReturnablesatellitesNo.3,No.4,andNo.8havebasicallythesameconfiguration,consistingofacylinder,atruncatedcone,andasphericalhead.Therecoverycapsulemaintainsthematureaerodynamicshapeanddesignmethodoftheoriginalreturningsatellite,hasgoodreentrystability,andadaptstotheballisticreentryreturnoftherecoverycapsule.Thebrakecompartmentstillmaintainsitsoriginalconfiguration.ComparedwithReversibleSatelliteNo.2,thecolumnsectionandvolumeoftheRetractableSatelliteNo.3andNo.4instrumentbayshavebeenincreased,whichgreatlyimprovesthepayloadandbatteryloadingcapacity.

●Systemcomposition

ReturnablesatellitesNo.3andNo.4satellitesarecomposedofpayload,structure,control,program-controlledtelemetry,remotecontrol,antenna,thermalcontrol,pressurecontrol,andoverallCircuit,powersupplyandreturn(inconsistentwiththe"recycling"below)arecomposedof12sub-systems.PracticeNo.8canceledthepressurecontrolsub-systemaccordingtothecharacteristicsofthetask,andtheothersarethesame.

Mainindicators

△Satellitequality:RetractableSatelliteNo.3is3.6tons;RetractableSatelliteNo.4is3.9tons;PracticeNo.8is3.4tons

△Dimensions:Maximumdiameter2200mm,maximumheight5144mm

△Satelliteworkinglife:RetractableSatellite3is18days;RetractableSatellite4is27days;Practice8is15days

△Carrierrocket:ReversibleSatellite3islaunchedwithLongMarch2D;ReversibleSatellite4islaunchedwithLongMarch2C;Shijian8islaunchedwithLongMarch2C.

Statusofmissioncompletion

AllthreesatellitesofReversibleSatellite3weresuccessfullylaunchedasplannedandcompletedtherequiredphotogrammetricmissions,andobtainedthefirst-generationphotogrammetricsatelliteRetrievableSatelliteNo.1hashigherprecisiongeographicdata.

ThetwosatellitesoftheReversibleSatellite4alsoenteredorbitaccuratelyasplanned,andcompletedtherequireddetailedlandinspectionmission.

Accordingtothegeneralrequirementsofuserdevelopment,thePractice8satellitecompletedtheloadingandflighttestwithatotalmassof302kgpayload.Theseedsamplesdeliveredafterrecoveryareintact,andthemeasurementofspatialbackgroundparametersiscompletedasrequiredforuserstouseformechanismanalysis.ThenorthernseamapofNanshatakenbytheretractablesatellite

Technologicalprogresspoints

RetractablesatellitesNo.3,No.4andShishiNo.8satellitescanbedevelopedquickly,efficiently,andland-savinglyandsuccessfullyTheimportantreasonforthegroundcompletionoftheflightmissionistheuseofpublicplatformtechnology.Themainstructuralcomponentsofthesatellite,theaerodynamicshapeofthereturncabin,andthesub-systemsofcontrol,return,programcontrol,pressurecontrol,telemetry,andremotecontrolallhavegoodinheritance.Onthebasisofinheritingmaturetechnology,thesesubsystemsallhavetechnologicalprogress.

●Thermalcontroltechnology

ReturnablesatellitesNo.3and4arebasedonthepassivethermalcontrolandactivethermalcontrolmethodsoftheoriginalreturnablesatellites,addingconvectiveheattransferinthecabin,Localcompartmentthermalcontrol,localconvectionairducts,localisothermaldesign,satellitewindowhotspots,channelheatpipesandthermalcontrolbaffles,etc.,sothatthetemperaturerangeofthesealedcabiniscontrolledbetween17and22℃.Thetemperatureuniformityisbesttoreach0.2℃,whichiscurrentlythesatellitewiththebesttemperaturecontrolamongChinesesatellites,anditmeetstherequirementsofthepayloadfortheambienttemperature.Inordertoachievethegoaloftemperaturecontrol,majortechnicalimprovementshavebeenmadetotheoverallcircuit,thermalcontrol,structure,mechanism,andvarioussub-systemsofthepayload.

Intermsofpassivethermalcontroltechnology,thesatelliteusesthermalcontrolcoatings,multilayerinsulationandthermalinsulationfoammaterials,heatpipesandopticalsolarreflection(OSR)heatsinktechnology.

Inordertomeetthespecialrequirementsofthereturnablesatellite4’spayloadforthethermalenvironment,forthefirsttime,alocalthermalcontrolcompartmentwasspeciallydesignedforthepayloadinthesatellite’ssealedcabin,whicheffectivelyreducedthetemperatureuniformityrequirements.Theloadisseparatedfromotherequipmentontheplatform,whichplaysanimportantroleinimprovingthetemperatureuniformityinthecompartment.

Inordertoeliminatetheeffectoftheeffectiveloadonthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthetwosidesofthegroundwindowstructure,theheatconductionofthispartisspeciallydesigned.Theuseofmetalmaterialswiththebestheatconductionandembeddedheatpipesreducethetemperaturedifferencebetweenthetwosidesofthewindowandplayanimportantroleinimprovingtheuniformityofthelenstemperatureinsidethewindow.

ReturnableSatellite4alsousesthetechnologyofmulti-layeroutsidethesatellitetosuppresstheinfluenceofexternalheatflowandthetechnologyofthermalcontrolbaffletosuppresstheinfluenceofexternalheatflow.

●WindowPopularAgencyTechnology

Thefirstapplicationofcamerawindowpopularagencyondomesticsatellites.Thiskindoforganizationthatrepeatedlyswitchesandworksinspace,onlytheUS"Hubble"spacetelescopeandtheRussiansatellitecamerawindowhavethiskindoforganizationinforeigncountries.

●On-boardenergytechnology

Returnablesatellitesaremostlypoweredbybatteries.MostChinesesatellitesusedzinc-silverbatteriesinthepast.Now,withtheincreaseinthenumberofflyingdaysofsatellites,China’snewreturnablesatellitesuselithiumthionylchloridebatterieswithahigherspecificenergythanzinc-silverbatteries,increasingthesatellite’sflighttimefromtheoriginal15daysto27daysnow.700Ahlarge-capacitylithiumthionylchloridebatteryhasbeenusedonalargescaleonthereturnablesatellites3and4.ThisisthefirsttimeinthehistoryofChinesespacecraft.ItsolvestheoveralltechnicalproblemoftheuseoflithiumbatteriesonsatellitesandmakesthesamecapacityThebatteryisreducedby1/3involumeand1/2inmass.

●Optimizationtechnologyformeasurementandcontrol

Themeasurementandcontrolofthenew-typereturnablesatelliteischangedtoaunifiedS-bandsystem,whichsimplifiestheon-boardmeasurementandcontrolsystemandintegrateswiththeinternationalmeasurementandcontrolsystem;retainstheradartransponderandguidanceThebeaconmachineisusedasameansofsatellitereturntrackingandlandingprediction;GPSsubsystemisadded,andtheorbitdeterminationtechnologycombiningtheunifiedS-bandmeasurementandcontrolsystemandGPSisusedtogreatlyimprovetheaccuracyoforbitdetermination;GPStimeandon-boardprogramcontroltimeFittingsignificantlyimprovestheaccuracyofdeterminingthepositionofthesatellitecamera;usingGPSreal-timeorbitdeterminationdatatocalculatethespeed-to-heightratio,andintroducesaterrainelevationmaptoincreasethespeed-to-heightratiocalculationaccuracyfrom2%to0.3%,ensuringthecamera'saccuracyTheaccuracyofimagemotioncompensationimprovestheresolutionofthephotos;theremotecontrolequipmentadoptsastandardizeddesign,whichimprovestheversatilityandreliabilityoftheproduct;theuseoflarge-capacitytelemetrystoragetechnologyimprovestheservicecapabilityofsatellitetelemetry.

China'sreturnablesatelliteshavealsogreatlyimprovedintermsofrecoveryandlandingtechnology,satellitereinforcementandvibrationreductiontechnology,andsatellitepackagingandtransportationtechnology.(Tobecontinued

Variousseries

Dongfanghong-2satellite

Dongfanghong-2satelliteisinDongfanghong-2China’sfirst-generationpracticalcommunicationssatellitewasimprovedanddevelopedonthebasisoftheNo.1satellite.Itisalsoadual-spinstablegeostationarycommunicationssatellite.ThesatellitewaslaunchedforthefirsttimeonMarch7,1988,andthreeofthemhavebeenlaunched.87.5degreeseastlongitude,110.5degreeseastlongitude,98degreeseastlongitude,coveringChina.Thistypeofsatelliteismainlyusedfordomesticcommunications,broadcasting,television,faxanddatatransmission.Theexternaldimensionis2.1metersindiameterand3.68metersinheight.Thecylindricalsatelliteweighs441kilograms.Thepayloadis4C-bandtranspondersandtheworkinglifeis4andahalfyears.

Dongfanghong-3satellite

Dongfanghong-3satelliteisChina'ssofarAmongthecommunicationsatelliteslaunched,thesatellitewiththemostadvancedperformance,themostcomplextechnology,andthemostdifficulthasreachedtheadvancedlevelofsimilarinternationalsatellites.TheDongfanghong-3satellitewaslaunchedonMay12,1997,andwassuccessfullyfixedontheeastlongitudeonMay20.Abovethe125-degreeequator.Dongfanghong-3satelliteadoptsadvancedtechnologiessuchasfullthree-axisattitudestabilizationtechnology,two-componentunifiedpropulsiontechnology,carbonfibercompositematerialstructure,etc.,whichcanmeettheneedsofvariousdomesticcommunicationsservices.

Technicalparameters

Dimensions:2220×2200×1720(mm)double-winghexahedron,thetotallengthofthewingsis18.096metersafterdeployment.

Satellitemass:1206kg(stationaryorbit),Thepayloadis24C-bandtranspondersandtheworkinglifeis8years.

Fengyun-2satellite

TheFengyun-2satelliteisChina’sfirstgenerationofgeostationaryTheorbitingmeteorologicalsatellite,launchedonJune10,1997,isfixedat105degreeseastlongitudeovertheequator.Itismainlyusedtoimprovetheaccuracy,timelinessandmeteorologicalresearchservicesofChina'smeteorologicalforecasts.Thesatelliteadoptsadual-spinstabilizationmethodandismountedonthesatellite.Themulti-channelscanningradiometeranddatacollectionandforwardingsystemcanobtainvisiblelightcloudmaps,infraredcloudmapsandwatervapordistributionmaps.Itcanalsocollectdatafrommeteorological,oceanic,andhydrologicaldepartments,andcollectobservationaldatamonitoringontheplatform.

Maintechnicalparameters

Dimensions:acylinderwithadiameterof2.1metersandaheightof1.6meters

Satellitemass:1369kgattake-off,workinglifeof3-4years.

ZiZiNo.1Satellite

BasicOverview

ZiZiNo.1satelliteisasun-synchronouspolarorbit,radiotransmissionearthobservationremotesensingsatellite,willuseTheLongMarch4Bcarrierrocketwaslaunched.Withthecooperationof3groundstationsinChina,theremotesensingimagestransmittedbysatellitescancoverallormostareasofChina'sland,seaandmostneighboringcountries,andcanobtainthegroundofanyregionabroadTheimageinformationisprocessedonthegroundintovariousrequiredpicturesforuserstouse.TheresourceonesatellitewasapprovedbytheChineseandBraziliangovernmentsin1988.Approveandconductjointresearchanddevelopment.

Dimensions:2000×1800×2250(mm)single-winghexahedron

Satellitemass:1540kg,payloadpentaspectralCCDcamera,etc.,workinglifeis2years.

TheZiyuan-1satelliteisanearthresourcessatellitejointlydevelopedbyChinaandBrazil,alsoknownasthe"China-BrazilEarthResourcesSatellite-1".Inthe1990s,ChinaandBrazilreachedanintergovernmentalagreementtojointlydevelopanearthresourcesatellitetofillthegapbetweenthetwocountriesinrelatedfields.ThefirstZiyuan-1satellite01waslaunchedonOctober14,1999bytheLongMarch4BcarrierrocketfromtheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenter.Afterthesuccessfullaunchofthesatellite,alargeamountofearthdataandsatellitepicturesofrelevantregionshavebeenobtainedforChinaandPakistan,andithasplayedanimportantroleinagriculture,forestry,ocean,environmentalprotection,landandresources,andurbanplanning.Equippedequipment:Ziyuan-1satelliteismainlyequippedwith3remotesensinginstrumentsforearthobservation:20-meterresolution5-bandCCDcamera80-meterresolutionand160-meterresolution4-bandinfraredscanner256-meterresolution2Spectralwidefieldofviewimager

Satellitedata

Mass:1450kgPower:1100WDesignedin-orbitlife:2yearsOrbit:Sun-synchronousorbitOrbitheight:778kmhorizontalinclination：98.5degreesorbittime:100.26minutes(undernormalcircumstances,theworldisobservedonceevery26days)Becausethesatelliteissetupformulti-spectralobservation,thegroundobservationrangeislarge,thedatainformationcollectionisfast,andthemacroscopicandintuitive,therefore,isparticularlybeneficialDynamicandfastobservationofearthgroundinformation.ThemainusesofthesatelliteinChina'snationaleconomyare;itsimageproductscanbeusedtomonitorchangesinnationallandresources,andtoupdatenationalutilizationmapseveryyear;measuretheareaof​​arableland,estimatetheamountofforeststock,cropgrowth,yield,andpasturestockandannualchanges;Monitornaturalandman-madedisasters;quicklyfindoutdamagessuchasfloods,earthquakes,forestfiresandsandstorms,estimatelosses,andproposecountermeasures;providedynamicinformationoncoastaleconomicdevelopment,tidalflatutilization,aquaculture,andenvironmentalpollution;simultaneouslyexploreundergroundresourcesanddelineateInresourceareassuchasgold,petroleum,coal,andbuildingmaterials,supervisetherationaldevelopmentofresources.ItwillplayapowerfulroleinChina'snationaleconomy.No.1CCDcameratosynthesizefalsecolorimages:YellowRiverDeltaZiyuanNo.1satelliteisalsoawindowforChina'sspaceindustrytocooperatewithforeigncountries.ItfurtherpromotesChinaandinternationalexchangesandcooperationinthefieldofaerospace.

Maintechnicalsolutions

Ziyuan-1satelliteisathree-axisstable,sun-synchronousorbitsatellite.Thesatelliteconsistsoftwoparts:payloadandservicesystem,whichiscomposedoffifteensub-systems.Thetotalmassofthesatelliteis1540kg.Thestarisarectangularparallelepiped,withasingle-wingsolarcellarray,andtheoverallsizeofthebodyis2000×1800×2250mm3.Thesizeoftheflightstatusis2000×8440×3215mm3.Thestarbodyadoptsthesub-cabindesign.Structuralsub-systemsarecomposedofstructuralwallpanels,load-bearingcylinders,starandarrowdockingcabins,largebrackets,substratesofsolararrays,anddeploymentmechanisms,etc.Theservicecabinhassixsub-systems:attitudecontrol,S-bandmeasurementandcontrol,ultrashortwavemeasurementandcontrol,on-boarddatamanagement,powersupplyandthermalcontrol.Thepowersupplyadoptsthesolarbatterypluscadmiumnickelstoragebatterysolution.Thesatelliteattitudecontroladoptshigh-precisionthree-axisstabilizationofthegroundpointingandthesolararraydirectionaltrackingandorbitadjustmentschemetothesun.Itconsistsofthreetypesofequipment:measurement,controlandexecution.Themeasurementandcontrolconsistsoffourindependentchannels(ultrashortwaveandS-band),withspeedmeasurement,rangemeasurementandanglemeasurementfunctions,andcanbeusedtodeterminethetrackatasinglestationwiththerangingsound.On-boarddatamanagementandmeasurementandcontrol,withthecooperationofthegroundwebsite,completesatellitetrackingandorbitmeasurement,remotecontrol,telemetryandothermanagementtasks.Becausethesatellitehasasmallfieldofviewintheearthgroundstation,thedatamanagementsub-systemusestheon-boardcomputertomanagethedatasentandreceived.Thesatellitecanbe"intelligently"handledwhenitfails.Thethermalcontrolisbasedonpassivetemperaturecontrol,andtheelectricheatingactivetemperaturecontrolissupplementedbythescheme.ThepayloadcabinhasaCCDcamera,aninfraredscanner(alsocalledaninfraredcamera),awidefieldofviewcamera,imagedatatransmission,spaceenvironmentmonitoringandasatellitedatacollection(DCS)sub-system.TheCCDcamerahasfivespectralbands:blue,green,red,near-infrared,andpanchromatic,andusespush-broomimagingtechnologytoobtainearthimagesinformation.Itonlyworksduringthedayandhasaside-viewfunction(±32°).Infraredscannerhasfourspectrumbands:visiblelight,short-waveinfraredandthermalinfrared.Itadoptsbidirectionalscanningtechnologytoobtainearthimageinformation,itcanimagedayandnight.Thewide-fieldcamerahasredlightandnear-infraredspectrum.Becauseofthescanningradianceof890kilometers,itcancovertheearthinfivedaysonce.TheimagedatatransmissionofthethreeremotesensorsallusetheXfrequencyband.CCDcameradatatransmissionisdividedintotwochannels,infraredscannerandwidefieldofviewcamerasharethethirddatatransmissionchannel.Theimagedataiscoded,modulated,frequency-converted,andapoweramplifierisusedtotransmitradiofrequencysignalsfromtheantenna.Whenthesatellitepassesoverthegroundstation,itisreceivedbythegroundstation.Thesatellitedatacollectionsub-systemutilizesthehydrologicalandmeteorologicaldatacollectedbyhundredsofdatacollectionplatforms(DCP)setupontheground,whichistransmittedtothegroundreceivingstationinrealtimethroughtheon-boardtransponder.ThesatellitewillbelaunchedattheTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenterusingthe"LongMarch4B"rocket.TheResourceSatelliteApplicationCenterisresponsiblefortheoverallworkofChina'sgroundapplications.