Originalwork
TongDistrictPosting1
Mr.Liusaid:Themorepeoplearelessgrace2,maleandfemale,mustberegardedas3.Self-destroyedtheteethabove4,thefatherandbrothersoldthemtocovet5.Insufficient,thentaketheotherroom6,therestrainingforce7,andthepersonwiththebeard8,whichisverypowerful9sup>,allsuccumbedtochildren10.WhentheTaoistthiefkillsitasacommonplace11.Fortunatelytogrowup12,theweaker13willberestrained.TheHanofficialsbelievethattheyareself-interested14,andGouDetong15sup>,don’taskwhatyoudo16.Therefore,thehukouofYuezhongconsumes17.However,TongDistrictsentaneleven-year-oldtowin19,andSiYiqiwas20.GuiBuengagedinDuZhoushiasthe21ofYuYanzhi.
TongZhizhe,ChenzhouMuerisalso22.Goingtograzeandgoto23,thesecondthiefhijacksthereverseconnection24,andclothsitsmouth25.Gotothe26soldintheemptinessofmorethanfortymiles.Sendingfakechildrentocry27,fearofchestnuts28,forchildren'sconstantshape29,thiefYizhi30,yesDrink,drunk.Onepersongoestothecityfor31,andonepersonliesdownonthepathofplantingbladesfor32.TongWeiwaitedforhimtosleepat33,boundthebackblade34,andforcefullywentupanddown35,andgotabsolutely36,Killitbytakingtheblade.
Ifyouhaven’tescapedfar,thecitywillreturn,getthechild,hack,andkillthechild.Junsaid37:"ItisLianglangtong38,whoisIchilangtongye39?Itisnotmyfavor40.AfterLangChengseesandgraces41,everythingisindispensable."Thecitypersonsaidforalongtime42:"Ratherthankillingachild,whichoneistosellit?Sellitanddivideit,andifIhavetospecializein43?Fortunately,killinghimisverygood."Thatis,hidehiscorpseandholdthechildtotheowner's44.Themorerestrained,thestronger.Inthemiddleofthenight,thechildrotates,andifhebindsit,thefirewillburnout45,althoughthehandissore,46willkillthemarketagain.Becauseofthelargesize47,Iwasshocked.Tongsaid:"Iamnotachildinthedistrict.Thetwothieveshaveme,andIamfortunateenoughtokillthem!Iwouldliketohearfromtheofficial48."
OfficialBaizhou49,ZhoubaiDafu50.Thebigmancallsthewatcher,andyouwishtohear51.ThegovernorYanZhengqiof52stayedasasmallofficialandrefused.Withclothes53,thehometownoftheofficialguards54.
Thetownrobber55,don’tdaretocrossthedoor56.Allsaid:"ItisQinWuyang,atwo-year-oldchildwhois57,andIwanttokillthesecondman58.Howclose!"
Annotatedtranslation
Notesonwordsandsentences
1.Children:Children.District(ōu)post:surnameanddistrictnamepost.
2.Yuepeople:referstotheethnicminoritiesintheLingnanareainancienttimes.En:kindness.
3.Treatthemasgoods:treatthemasgoods.
4.Destroyedteeth:referstothereplacementofdeciduousteeth.Childrenfallofftheirdeciduousteethattheageofsevenoreightandreplacepermanentteeth.
5.鬻（yù）sell:sell.Covet(jì):Hopetobegreedy.
6.Otherroom:otherchildren.
7.Clampshackle(gù):Useironhoopstocovertheneckandhandcuffswithwoodencuffs.
8.Forthosewithliè:Thereareevenadultswhohavegrownbeardsduetolongyearsofdetention.Hyena,mustache.
9.Overpowered:Unabletosupportphysicalstrength.
10.Tong:servant.Responsible:Ontheroad,pointtothefirefighting.
11.Thieveskill:damageandkill.
12.Fortunately:fluke.
13.Yao(yāo):youngchildren.
14.Hanofficials:officialssentbytheTangDynastytominorityareas.Becauseofself-interest:takeadvantageofitforself-interest.
15.Gou:If.
16.Whateveryoudo:Letthemdoanythingwrong.Reckless,letalone,indulge.
17.Consumption:Increasingconsumptionmeansthatthenumberofdeathsincreasesandthepopulationdecreases.Nourish,addmore.
18.Fewpeoplegetawaywiththemselves:Fewpeoplecanescapethefateofbeinghijackedandkilled.
19.Victoryattheageofeleven:Hedefeatedthebanditwhokidnappedhimatayoungageofonlyeleven.
20.S:Here.
21.GuiDepartment:AfterEmperorGaozongofTangDynastyYonghui,LingnanRoadwasdividedintofivecapitalsofGuangzhou,Guizhou,Rongzhou,Yongzhou,andJiaozhou,collectivelyreferredtoasthe"LingnanFiveCommands."TheGuiDepartmentisoneofthefivemanagements,soitisalsocalledGuiGuan,namelyGuizhouDuduMansion.Engagedin:officialname,deputyofthegovernorofthestatecapital.
22.Chen(chēn)State:ItbelongstoHunannow.Oneis"Liuzhou".Aftertextualresearch,ChenJingyun's"LiuJiDianKan"believedthat"Chen"shouldbemade"Liu"from"WenYuan",andbelievedthatthestoryofOujiwastoldbyLiuZongyuantoDuZhoushiinYongzhou.荛(ráo)Muer:Achildwhocollectsfirewoodandgrazes.Hsiao,getfirewood.
23.Shepherdandgraze:whilegrazing,whilegatheringfirewood.OK,engaged.And,conjunctions.
24.Robber:Robber.Howe,tyrannical;thief,inancienttimesreferstorobbers.Reverseconnection:tiedupwithyourhandsbehindyourback.
25.BuNangQiMou:Coverhismouthwithacloth.Pouch,pocket,asaverbheremeanstocover.
26.Virtual:Throughthe"market",themarket.
27.Pseudo:pretend.
28.Fearofchestnut:tremblingwithfear.Li,trembling.
29.Perseveranceforchildren:makethekindofappearancethatchildrenoftenhave.Constantstate,theusualmodality.
30.Yi:Intentionalusage,contempt,andindifferent.
31.Forthecity:todopopulationtrading,todiscussbusiness,andtofindabuyer.
32.Ontheroadofplantingtheblade:inserttheknifeintheroad.
33.Weisi:Secretlywaiting.Micro,secretly.Serve,spy.
34.Totiethebackblade:Leantheropethatbindshimagainsttheblade.
35.Forceupanddown:Grindupanddownforcefully.
36.Absolutely:cutoff.
37.Jun(jù):Hurry.
38.Lang:Atthattime,theservantcalledhismasterLang.
39.WhoRuo:How,whereisitcomparable.
40.No,I'mkind:don'ttreatmewell.
41.LangChengmeetswithgrace:Youreallycansavemylifeandtreatmewell.Finish,keepit.
42.Longtime:Longtime.Calculating:Calculating.
43.Special:Ownalone.
44.Master:Referstothefamilyofthegangstersintheruins.
45.Thatis:close.
46.Sore:through"wound",herereferstoburns.惮(dàn):afraid.
47.Large(háo):callingloudly,crying.
48.YiwenYuguan:Ihopetoreportthismattertothegovernment.
49.Vanquisher:theofficialwhomanagesthebazaar.Bai:Report.State:Referstothestateofficial.
50.Dafu:Referstothesuperiorgovernmentofthestate.Big,itmeans"too".
51.Juvenilewish:youngandhonest,willing,honest.
52.Governor:thechiefexecutiveofthestate.YanZheng:NephewoftheTangDynastyministerandcalligrapherYanZhenqing,onceservedasthegovernorofGuizhouandtheobservantofGuizhou.
53.Clothes(cháng):Inancienttimes,clothesrefertotops,andskirtsrefertolowerskirts.
54.Thehometownofprotection:escorthimbacktohishometown.Itissentonbehalfofthedistrict.
55.Robber:Peoplewhospecializeinkidnappingandrobbingthings.
56.Sideeyes:Idarenotfaceit,butdescribefear.
57.QinWuyang:TheyoungwarriorofYanStateduringtheWarringStatesPeriod,hewasabletokillviolentpeoplewhenhewasthirteenyearsold.
58.Asktokill:kill.Discuss,crusade.
Translationinvernacular
Mr.Liusaid:PeopleinVietnamarewidowedandunkind.Regardlessofwhethertheygivebirthtoboysorgirls,theytreatthemasgoods.Afterthechildrenaresevenoreightyearsold,theirparentssellthemformoney.Ifthemoneytheygetisnotenoughtosatisfytheirgreed,theywillstealotherpeople'schildren.Whentheysucceed,theyuseironhoopstosettheirnecksandhandcuffswithwoodenhandcuffstopreventescape.Evensomeadultsareforcedtobecomeslavesbecausetheycan'tmatchtherestrainers.Atthattime,killingeachotherontheroadhasbecomeatrend,andthosewhoareluckyenoughtogrowstrongandtallwillkidnapthosewhoareweakandweak.TheofficialsoftheHannationalitytookadvantageofthisvicefortheirownbenefit.Therefore,asthepopulationdecreases,fewpeoplecanescapethetragicfateofbeingachildservant.OnlyOuJiudefeatedthebanditwhokidnappedhimattheyoungageofeleven,whichisquitepeculiar.TheGovernorofGuizhouengagedinDuZhoushitoldmeaboutthis.
Children'sareamailisachildwhocollectsfirewoodandcattleinChenzhouarea.Oneday,hewasgrazingcattlewhilecollectingfirewood.Twoarrogantrobberskidnappedhim,tiedthemwiththeirhandsbehindtheirbacks,coveredhismouthwithacloth,andlefthishometownformorethanfortymiles,thinkingofthemarket.Hesoldit.OuJicriedandcriedlikeachild,tremblingwithfear,andmadeatimidappearancethatchildrenoftenhave.Therobberdidn'ttakehimseriously,andwasrelativelydrunkanddrunk.Oneoftherobberslefttogotothebazaartodiscussthebusinessofbuyingandsellingchildren,whiletheotherlaydownandstuckaknifeintheroad.OuJisecretlywatchedhimfallasleep,soheleanedtheropethatboundhimagainstthebladeandgrinditupanddownvigorously.Theropebroke;hetooktheknifeandkilledtherobber.
Itwasn'tlongafterOuZhiescaped.Therobberwhowasinthemarkettonegotiateabusinesscameback.HecaughtOuYuandwasveryfrightened,planningtokillhim.OuJihurriedlysaid,"Howcanbeingaslaveoftwomasterscomparetobeingaslaveofonemaster?Hedoesn'ttreatmewell.Master,youcanreallysavemylifeandtreatmewell,nomatterwhat."Therobberthoughtforalongtime,andthought:"Ratherthankillingthisslave,howcanitbecomparedtosellinghim?Ratherthansellinghimandsharingthemoneywithtwopeople,howcanitbecomparedtomealone?Fortunately,Ikilledhim.,Great!"Thenheburiedthebodyoftherobberandsentittotheowneroftherobberinthebazaarwiththedistrict.Hebecamemoreandmoreboundtothedistrictmailer.Inthemiddleofthenight,OuJiturnedaroundandburnedthetiedropesonthefire.Althoughhewasnotafraidofburninghishands,hetookaknifetokilltherobberwhowasdoingbusiness.Thenshoutedloudly,andthewholebazaarwasalarmed.QuJisaid:"IamachildofafamilynamedQu,andIshouldnotbeaslave.Tworobberskidnappedme.Fortunately,Ikilledthemall.Iwouldliketoreportthistothegovernment."
Theclerkofthemarkettownreportedtheincidenttothestateofficial.Thestateofficialreportedtothegovernmentofficial.TheofficialsummonedOuJi,youngandhonest.ThegovernorYanZhengthoughthewasdifferent,sohelefthimasaclerk,butOuJiwasunwilling.Thegovernorgavehimclothesandsentofficialstoescorthimbacktohishometown.
Therobberswhodidrobberyinthevillageallslantedtheireyesanddidnotdaretolookatthedistrictmail.Noonedaredtopasshishouse.Theyallsaid:"ThiskidistwoyearsyoungerthanQinWuyang,buthekilledtwo.Astrongthief,howcanyougetclosetohim?"
Creativebackground
InthefirstyearofYongzhenginTangShunzong(805),theYongzheninnovationadvocatedbyWangShuwenGroupfailed,andLiuZongyuanwasdemotedforthisreason..InSeptemberofthatyear,hefirstdemotedShaozhougovernor;inNovember,hewasdemotedYongzhouSimaonthewaytohispost.LiuZongyuanlivedinYongzhouuntilthetenthyearofYuanhe(815).ThenhereturnedtoBeijing,butwassoondemotedtoLiuzhou,wherehespentanotherfouryearsofdemotion.ItisgenerallybelievedthatthisarticlewascreatedduringthedemotedLiuzhouperiod,whileHeShuzhiandChenJingyunbelievethatthisarticlewaswritteninYongzhou.InthemorethantenyearsinYongzhouandLiuzhou,LiuZongyuanlivedinaharshenvironment,separatedfromrelativesandfriends,hadnowheretoaskforhelp,hisphysicalconditiondeclined,andhisspiritualworldwassuffering.Hecreatedthis"PostBiographyofChildren'sDistrict"tosetupabiographyforpoorchildrenandshoutforthepeopleofthelowerclass.
Appreciationofworks
OverallAppreciation
Thisisanoriginalbiographicalwork.Thefulltextisdividedintotwoparts.Thefirstparthasasimilar"introduction"nature.Thesecondpartisthebiographyofthetextitself,whichwasselectedasajuniormiddleschoollanguagetextbook.The"Introduction"partnarratesthatthereisavulgarhabitofrobbingchildrenandadultsto"turnintochildren"inVietnam,andthegovernmentdoesnotaskaboutit.Therefore,countlessweakandsmallpeoplehavebeenrobbedand"shouldgetridofthem."Onlythecommunitysent"Winningattheageofeleven,Siisalsoamazing".Itcanbeseenthattheauthorisverydissatisfiedwiththisvulgarity,hatesthegovernmentforprofitinsteadofstoppingthisvulgarity,andextremelyadmiresOuji,whohaswonthevictoryagainstthegangsters.BiographywrotethetruestoryaboutOuJi:AfterOuJiwashijackedbytworobbers,withhisbraveryandwit,hefinallysavedhimselfbytakingcareofthetworobbers.Theauthorgraspsthecharactercharacteristicsofthecharacters,andportraysthemfromdifferentanglesinalayeredandmulti-facetedmanner,andwritesalittleherovividly,readytocomeout.Inparticular,thedescriptionofthelanguageandactionsofthedistrictisworthyofcarefultaste.
Threepartsoftheidentityofthetext.ThefirstpartnarratesthestoryofJizhikillingthefirstrobber.Canbedividedintotwolayers.Thefirstlevelwritesthestoryoftherobberyinthearea.Thisistheoriginofthestory,whichleadstothestoryof"WisdomFighting".Onthesecondlevel,OuJizhikilledthefirstrobber,andOuJi'sresistancewasbothcautiousandresolute.ThesecondpartnarratesthestoryofJizhikillingthesecondrobber.Canbedividedintotwolayers.Thewritingareaonthefirstfloorastutelydealtwiththesecondrobber,showingextraordinarytactandbravery.Thesecond-levelwritingareaJizhikilledthesecondrobberand"willingtohearfromtheofficials",whichshowsthatheisverysmart,knowsthelawandknowsthelaw,andthegovernorissensible.Thethirdpartistheendoftheevent,whichisalsodividedintotwolevels.Thewritingareaonthefirstlevelrefusedtobea"littleofficial"andwasescortedbacktohishometown,showinghissimpleandhonestcharacter.Thesecondleveliswrittenaboutthereactionofthe"townshiprobbers"toOujie'skillingofthethief,showingOuji'samazingbraveryfromtheside.
Thearticlecreatedanimageofayounghero.TheheroicqualitiesofOujiarefirstmanifestedintact.Hepretendstocry,breakstheropewithaknife,dealswiththieves,breakstheropewithfire,andcanreporttothegovernment,knowingthelaw.Followedbybravery.Whenhewasindanger,heburnedhishandwhenbreakingtheropewithfireanditdidnotaffecthiscalmness.Againitissimple.Hegaveupbeinganofficialanddidn'twantfameandfortune.Whatheshowedwasthehonestandhonestqualityoftheworkingpeople.Atthesametime,thearticleusesthestupidityofagangstertosetoffOuJi'switandbravery.Thegangsterinthearticleisveryviciousontheonehand,andveryignorantontheother.Athiefstuckaknifeintheroad,andOuJicouldkillhimifhegottheknife.Thisfullydemonstratesthestupidityofthethief.Theotherthiefhadn'tbeenwaryofOuJi'saccomplicewhohadkilledhim.Itwasindeedextremelystupid.Thetwothieveswereselfishandcalculatedforeachother,whichgaveOuJiagreatopportunitytogetaway.Intermsofwritingtechniques,thearticleadoptsthemethodofcombiningfrontandsideimagestodescribetheimagesentfromthefrontside,andatthesametimetohighlightthecharacterofthecharacterandtheshockingpowerofthespirit.Theauthorhopestoexposethedarksocietywhererobberyisrampant,humantraffickingisserious,andthegovernment'stolerationandindulgenceofrobbersarepraisedandpraisedforthefearlessspiritofthedistrictandthecourageandtactinthefaceofpowerfulenemies.
Inshort,thefulltextshowsthewitandbravecharacterofthisyoungheroandthespiritoffightingagainstviolence.Italsoreflectsthedarkandcorruptsocialrealityofthemid-TangDynasty.Italsoshowsthatinfeudalsociety,Thepeoplecannotcountonthegovernment,theycanonlygetridofsufferingbyrelyingontheirownstruggle.
Commentsfromfamousexperts
TheSelectedTranslationofLiuZongyuan’sPoemsandProsesbyWangSongling,ProfessoroftheInstituteofAncientBooksCollection,ShanghaiNormalUniversity:ThewholearticleiswritteninaveryshortspacewithchangesinmindOuji'srobbery,resistance,victoryanditsinfluence,plottwists,dangers,characterpersonalityandpsychologicalactivitiesareallreadytocomeout,andtheauthor'sloveandhatredfeelingsarepermeatingbetweenthelinesinthevividdescriptionofthecharacter'sstory.
Abouttheauthor
LiuZongyuan(773-819),apoetintheTangDynasty.ZihouwasborninHedong(nowYongjiCity,ShanxiProvince)intheTangDynasty.KnownasLiuhedongorLiuliuzhouintheworld.Oneofthe"EightGreatMastersofTangandSongDynasties".AsfamousasHanYu,heiscalled"HanLiu"intheworld.Borninasmallandmedium-sizedbureaucraticfamily,attheageof21,hewasajinshi.Attheageof26,hewenttotheDepartmentofPhysiologyandScience,andwasawardedtheorthographyofJixiandianCollege.Politically,hebelongedtoapoliticalgroupthatadvocatedreformandinnovationheadedbyWangShuwen.DuringtheperiodofWangShuwen'spartyinpower,heservedasamemberoftheMinistryofRites.SoonthereformfailedandhewasdemotedtoSimaYongzhou(nowLinglingCounty,HunanProvince).Tenyearslater,hewasdemotedtoLiuzhou(nowLiuzhouCity,GuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion)anddiedinhispost.Morethan600poetryworkshavebeenhandeddowntotheworld.Hisproseisstronginargumentation,sharp,satiricalandpungent,andfullofcombativeness.Histravelnotesaremoresuspenseful.Thereis"Mr.HedongCollection".