Asset valuation

Conceptintroduction

Assetappraisalistheappraisalofassetvalueform.Referstothebehaviorofspecializedagenciesorspecializedappraisers,followingstatutoryorfairstandardsandprocedures,usingscientificmethods,andusingcurrencyastheunifiedyardstickforcalculatingequitytoassessandestimateassetsatacertainpointintime.

Accordingtothecurrentgeneralconsensusofacademiaandindustry,assetevaluationcanbeexpressedas:assetevaluationisaprofessionalinstitutionandpersonnelinaccordancewithnationallaws,regulationsandassetevaluationcriteria,accordingtospecificpurposes,followingtheevaluationprinciples,accordingtoRelevantprocedures,selectappropriatevaluetypes,usescientificmethods,andanalyze,evaluateandestimatethevalueofassetsinaccordancewithprescribedproceduresandstandards.

Overviewoftheassetappraisalindustry

I.Typesofassetappraisal

(1)Accordingtothecontentofassetappraisalwork,itisdividedintoappraisal,appraisalreviewandappraisalconsultation.

(2)Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenassetevaluationandevaluationcriteria,itisdividedintofullevaluationandrestrictedevaluation.

(3)Accordingtotheassetevaluationobjectandapplicableprinciples,itisdividedintoindividualassetevaluationandoverallassetevaluation.

2.Characteristicsofassetevaluation

(1)Reality:Realityreferstotheassessmentofassetsbasedontheactualconditionsofassetsatthispointintimebasedonthebasedateoftheassessment.Assessmentestimates.Realityrequiresthatassetevaluationactivitiesmustpayattentiontotheactualexistenceofassets.Itassumesthatspecificassets(movableproperty,realproperty,intangibleassets,andcorporatepropertyrights,etc.)willcontinuetoexistatthecurrentpointinthefuture.Inassetappraisalforthepurposeofinvestmentappraisal,moreconsiderationwillbegiventothesynergisticeffectsbroughtaboutbytheintroductionofnewpropertyrightsentities.

(2)Marketability:Marketabilityreferstothedistinguishingcharacteristicsofassetappraisalfromotheraccountingactivities.Assetappraisalactivitiespaymoreattentiontotheopenmarketvalue,ratherthantherecordofhistoricalcostsonthebooks.

(3)Predictability:Predictabilityreferstotheuseoftheasset’sfuturetimeandspacepotentialtoillustratereality.Assetappraisalonlyappearedaftersocializedmassproductionandcommodityeconomydevelopedtoaveryhighdegree.Referstothebehaviorofspecializedagenciesorspecializedappraisers,followingstatutoryorfairstandardsandprocedures,usingscientificmethods,andusingcurrencyastheunifiedyardstickforcalculatingequitytoassessandestimateassetsatacertainpointintime.

(4)Impartiality:Impartialitymeansthattheassetappraisalisindependentoftheappraisingparties.Itservestheneedsoftheassetbusiness,ratherthanservingtheneedsofanysinglepartyoftheassetbusiness.

(5)Consultancy:Consultancymeansthattheconclusionofassetappraisalistoprovideprofessionalappraisalopinionsfortheassetbusiness.Thisopinionitselfisnotenforceable,andtheassessoronlyconfirmsthattheconclusionitselfmeetstherequirementsofprofessionalnorms.Responsible,notresponsibleforassetbusinesspricingdecisions.Inthefourteenthfive-yearplanfortheassetappraisalindustry,expandingtheproportionofconsultingintheincomeofassetappraisalbusinesshasbecomeanimportantproposition.

3.Thefunctionofassetevaluation

(1)Evaluationandevaluationfunction

Itreferstotheinherentfunctionandabilityofassetevaluationtoevaluateandestimatethevalueofassets.

(2)Thefunctionofmanagement

Itreferstothespecialfunctionthatthestateassignstoassetevaluationintheinitialstageofthesocialistmarketeconomybasedonpublicownership.

(3)Thefunctionofnotarization

Itreferstotheparticularityofassetbusiness,appraisalobjectsandusersofappraisalreportsthatrequireassetappraisaltoplayanotarizationfunction.

SecondSectionvaluetypeandevaluationpurpose

(1)Valuetypeofassetevaluation

Thevaluetypeinassetevaluationreferstothevalueattributeandmanifestationoftheresultofassetevaluation.

(2)Purposeofassetappraisal

Thepurposeofassetappraisalisdividedintogeneralpurposeofassetappraisalandspecificpurpose.Generalpurposeofassetappraisalincludesspecificpurpose,whilespecificpurposeofassetappraisalisgeneralpurpose.Thefirstistheestablishmentofalong-terminspectionmechanismcenteredonthequalityofpractice;thesecondistopromotetheimplementationofassetevaluationstandards;thethirdistopromoteasignificantimprovementinthequalityofpracticeintheassetevaluationindustry;thefourthistoestablishasetofqualitativeTheinspectionmethodcombinedwithquantitative;fifthistocultivateagroupofrelativelystablepart-timeinspectors.

Overviewoftheassetappraisalprofession

I.Thetrainingobjectivesoftheassetappraisalprofession

Thismajorcultivatesasolidtheoreticalknowledgeofeconomicsandmanagement,andmastersmodernassetappraisalTheoriesandmethods,possesstheknowledgeandabilitytoengageinassetevaluationrelatedwork,andbeabletoengageinassetevaluationbusinessandmanagementworkinassetevaluationcompanies,accountingfirms,state-ownedassetsupervisionandmanagementinstitutions,judicialorgans,industrialandcommercialenterprises,financialandinsuranceindustries,etc.Specializedtalents.

2.Mainsubjectsofassetevaluation:

Management,microeconomics,macroeconomics,economiclaw,taxlaw,marketing,finance,statistics,managementinformationsystem,AssetAppraisal,ElementaryAccounting,FinancialManagement,FinancialAccounting,CostManagementAccounting,Auditing,MechanicalandElectricalEquipmentEvaluation,EnterpriseValueEvaluation,IntangibleAssetEvaluation,Econometrics,etc.

3.Professionaldirectionofassetevaluation:

Theprofessionaldirectionofassetevaluationismainlydividedintothefollowingcategories,namelycorporatevalueevaluation,intangibleassetevaluation,miningrightevaluation,realestateevaluationandjewelryJewelryevaluation.Itshouldbepointedoutthatinrecentyears,withtheintroductionofthecarbonneutraltargetandtheinnovationoftheglobalecologicalconcept,theassessmentofnaturalresourcesandtheirprotectionassetshasalsoreceivedmoreandmoreattention.

Thegenerationofassetappraisalindustry

Earlyassetappraisal

Asearlyasthe16thcentury,AntwerpintheNetherlandshadassetswhentheworld’sfirstcommodityexchangeappearedEvaluationactivities.Features:Thetypesofvaluationobjects,valuationactivities,valuationmethods,etc.areindividual,contingent,andempirical.

Characteristicsofassetappraisal

Itonlyappearedaftersocializedmassproductionandcommodityeconomydevelopedtoahighdegree.Features:reality,marketability,predictability,fairness,andconsulting.

Assetappraisalisdonebytheintermediaryagencyindependently,objectivelyandimpartiallywithoutbeingrestrictedbyanyparty.

Theroleofassetevaluation

Theroleofassetevaluationismainlyasfollows:

1,consultingrole

Inasense,assetappraisalisakindofprofessionaltechnicalconsultingactivity,whichhasaconsultingrole.Theroleofconsultationmeansthattheassetevaluationconclusionprovidesprofessionalevaluationopinionsfortheassetbusiness.Althoughtheopinionitselfhasnoenforcementeffect,itcanbeusedasareferencefortheparties'askingpricesandbids.

2.Theroleofauthentication

Authenticationconsistsoftwoparts:identificationandproof.Identificationisanindependentjudgmentmadebyexpertsonthecurrentpriceofanassettransactionbasedonprofessionalprinciples,andproofsprovidetheoreticalandfactualsupportforthejudgment,sothatitisreasonableandwell-founded.

3.Promotioneffect

Thepromotioneffectofassetevaluationismainlymanifestedinthreeaspects:oneistopromotetheoptimalallocationofresources,andtheotheristopromotepropertyrightsEntitiessafeguardtheirownlegitimaterightsandinterests,andthirdly,theycanpromotetheinternationalizationofassetevaluationandfurtheropeninguptotheoutsideworld.

AssetAppraisalPriceStandard

Accordingtomycountry’sassetappraisalmanagementrequirementsandinternationalassetappraisalpractices,thepricestandardsinassetappraisalincludereplacementcost,currentmarketprice,currentvalueofincomeandliquidationpriceWait.

Assetevaluationrules

1.Assetevaluationmustbeperformedbyspecializedagenciesandpersonnelwithprofessionalknowledge;

2.Assetevaluationmusthavealegalbasisandbecarriedoutinaccordancewithrelevantregulationsandpolicies;

3.Assetevaluationmustfollowapplicableprinciples;

4.Assetevaluationmustcomplywiththeprescribedevaluationproceduresandstandards;

5.Assetevaluationmustusescientificevaluationmethodsandaunifiedcurrencyunitforvaluation.

Assetevaluationelements

1.Thesubjectofassetevaluationistheprofessionalwhoconductsassetevaluation;

2.Theobjectofassetappraisalistheobjecttobeappraised;

3.Thepurposeofassetappraisalisthereasonforassetappraisal;

4.Thestandardofassetevaluation,thatis,theprice,technologyandotherstandardsonwhichtheassetevaluationisbased;

5.Theprocedureofassetappraisal,thatis,thelinksandstepsofassetappraisal;

6.Themethodofassetevaluation,thatis,thevariousspecializedmethodsusedintheevaluationinaccordancewithnationalregulations;

7.Thebasedateoftheevaluation,thatis,thetimepointonwhichtheevaluationisbased;

8.Thevaluetypeoftheappraisalisthevalueattributeoftheassetidentifiedatthetimeofappraisal.

Assetevaluationbusinessclassification

1.Thepurposeofassetevaluationforcontractingandleasingoperationsistoevaluatethebusinessperformanceofenterprisesoroperators;

2.Theassetevaluationofjointoperation,stockoperation,andSino-foreignjointventurecooperativeoperationaimstodeterminethereasonablerightsandinterestsofallpartiesinvolvedintheinvestmentforthepresentvalueofassets;

3.Assetevaluationforassetauctions,transfers,andbankruptcyliquidationaimstodeterminethereservepriceofassetauctions;

4.Thepurposeofassetevaluationofmortgageloansandeconomicguaranteesistodeterminethepresentvalueofthecompany’sassetsandobtaincredit;

5.Thepurposeoftaxassetassessmentistodeterminethetaxpayable.

AssetEvaluationStandards

Accordingtomycountry’sassetevaluationmanagementrequirementsandinternationalassetevaluationpractices,theassetevaluationstandardsinassetevaluationincludereplacementcost,currentmarketprice,currentvalueofincomeandliquidationpriceWaitforfourkinds.

1.Replacementcost

Replacementcostisalsocalledcurrentcostorreplacementvalue.Itreferstothecostofreplacingassetsaccordingtofunctionsandkeepingtheassetsinuseundercurrentconditions.Thereplacementcostisthesameasthehistoricalcost.Itisalsothepricethatreflectstheentirecostoftheasset'sconstruction,transportation,installation,andcommissioning.ThedifferenceisthatthereplacementcostisbasedontheoriginaldesignplanoftheassetandthecurrentcoststandardandThepurchaseandconstructionpricedeterminedbythequotacalculation.Inabrand-newstateofanasset,ifthepricedoesnotchange,itsreplacementcostisconsistentwiththehistoricalcost.However,duetotheexistenceofalongorshortperiodofassetsintheenterprise,thereplacementcostofassetsandhistoricalcostsaredifferentduetochangesinprices,losses,technology,etc.duringthisperiod.

Thereplacementcostisusedasthepricestandardofassets,whichovercomesthehistoricalcoststandardignoringthevaluedistortioncausedbytechnologicalprogressandinflation,andcanreflectthetruepriceofassetsmoreobjectivelyandfairly.However,thereplacementcoststandardisnotperfect.Itignorestheprofitabilityofassetsandissubjective.Itisnotsuitablefortheassessmentoftheoverallassetsofmostcompanies.

Replacementcoststandardsmustbeestablishedunderthepremiseofassetrenewalbeforetheycanbeused.Iftheassetchangesuseorcannotbeoperatedandtheoperationisinterrupted,otherpricestandardsshouldbeusedintheevaluation.Therenewalformsofassetsincludein-userenewal,conversionrenewalandtransferrenewal.Differentrenewalformswillaffectthespecificfactorsconsideredinreplacementcostvaluation.

2.Currentmarketprice

Thecurrentmarketpricereferstotheestimatedsalepriceofintangibleassetsontheopenmarket.Suchsalescanbeactualsalesorsimulatedsales.Thecurrentmarketpriceshouldbeconductedundertheconditionsofsufficientmarketcompetition,nomonopolyorcompulsionbybothpartiestothetransaction,andsufficienttimeandabilityforbothpartiestounderstandthefacts,independentjudgmentsandrationalchoices.Thebasicfactorsthatdeterminethecurrentmarketpriceofanassetare:thereproductioncostpriceoftheassetitself.Generallyspeaking,thepriceofanassetdependsonthelevelofitsproductioncost;thecurrentfunctionalstatus,qualityfactors,technicalparametersandlossoftheasset,undernormalcircumstances,high-qualitywillgiveabetterprice;marketsupplyanddemandconditions,ingeneral,thesupplyofanassetexceedsIfdemandexceedssupply,thepricewillfall;ifdemandexceedssupply,thepricewillrise.

Underthecurrentcircumstancesinmycountry,assetappraisalstandardshavenotyetbeenfullyformed,marketinformationchannelsarenotyetsmooth,andthepracticalexperienceofappraisersneedstobefurtherimproved.Therefore,inadditiontolandandhouseappraisal,thecurrentmarketpriceisusedasthepricestandard,whichmakesitdifficultforcertainassetstobeappraised.

3.Thepresentvalueofincome

Thepresentvalueofincomereferstothesumofthediscountedpresentvalueoffuturenetcashflowsgeneratedbytheassetappraisal.Theessenceofthepresentvalueofincomeisthemarketpriceoftheprincipal,whichistheprincipalofthesurplusvalue.Undertheconditionsofamarketeconomy,thedirectpurposeofinvestors'investmentistoobtainexpectedreturns.Undernormaloperatingconditions,ifinvestorswanttoobtainmoreincome,theymustincreaseinvestmentorincreasetherateofreturnontheassetside.Themoretheinvestment,thegreaterthevalueoftheasset,andviceversa.Fromtheperspectiveofthepurposeofprincipalmovement,principalandincomecanbemutuallytransformed.Investinginacertainamountofprincipalcanobtainaquantitativereturn.Onthecontrary,basedonacertainamountofincome,itcanalsobetracedbacktoacertainamountofcorrespondingprincipal..Thisformstwoconcepts:oneistheprincipalreturnrate,thatis,theratiooftheinvestedprincipaltotheexpectedreturn,andthesecondisthereturnprincipalconversionrate,thatis,theratiooftheexpectedreturntotheprincipal.Thepresentvalueofincomeisthequotientoftheannualexpectedincomedividedbytheapplicableprincipalrateofreturn.

Takingthepresentvalueofincomeasthepricestandardofassetsmeansthatassetownersdonotflowingeneralcommoditybuyingandselling,butbuyingandsellingassetsasearningpower.Intangibleassetsareevaluatedwhentheexpectedincomeisrelativelystable.Next:

Currentvalueofassets=presentvalueofincome=expectedincome/applicablereturnonassets

Therearetwoshortcomingsintheapplicationofthepresentvalueofincomestandard.Oneistodeterminethepresentvalueofincome.Itisdifficulttopredicttheamountofexpectedreturnandtherateofreturnonassets.Thesecondistousetheexpectedreturnasthebasisforthevalueoftheassessedasset,whichseemstohavenothingtodowiththeassetentityitself,soitisdifficulttouse.Butdespitethis,thepresentvalueofincomestillhasitsirreplaceableadvantages.

Thecurrentvalueofincomestandardisthatunderthepremiseofcontinuousoperationoftheenterprise,theassetevaluationstandardcanonlybetheoverallassetortheassetwithindividualprofitability,anditismorescientifictoapplyundertheconditionofrelativelystableexpectedincome.

4.Liquidationprice

Theliquidationpricereferstothevalueoftheassetsusedundertheconditionthattheintangibleassetsoftheenterpriseceasetooperateorgobankrupt.Itisrequiredtoliquidateitsassetswithinacertainperiodoftimetopayoffthedebtsanddistributetheremainingequity.,Thatis,theauctionpriceofassetsunderabnormalmarketconditions.Therearemanyreasonsforthecompanytoceasebusiness.Itmaybebankruptcyorclosure,oritmaybetheexpirationofthecooperationperiod.Butnomatterwhatthereasonis,thecoreproblemistopayoffthedebt,andusuallyithastoberepaidincash.Thisdeterminesthatthebasicfeatureoftheliquidationpriceisrapidrealization.Duetotimelimitandbuyerrestrictions,thepriceisgenerallymuchlowerthanthecurrentmarketprice.Theliquidationpriceincludescompulsoryliquidationprice,orderlyliquidationpriceandrenewalliquidationprice.Takingtheliquidationpriceasthevaluationstandardforassetsiscalledtheliquidationpricestandard.

Thepricestandardoftheassetappraisalbusinessshouldbeselectedaccordingtothenatureoftheassetbusiness,thepurposeoftheappraisalandtheprerequisites.Inprinciple,assetappraisalbusinessandpricetypesshouldbestrictlymatched,andthereisnoproblemofmutualsubstitutionofassetappraisalstandards.However,inpractice,duetovariousreasonsandtheneedforevaluationconditions,itmaybenecessarytosubstitutepricetypesduringspecificoperations.Insomecases,thissubstitutionmayalsoimprovethequalityofevaluationandassetbusiness,andfacilitatepracticaloperations.

Basicmethodsofassetevaluation

1.Presentvaluemethodofincome,alsoknownasincomereductionmethodandincomecapitalizationmethod;

2.Replacementcostmethod;

3.Thecurrentmarketpricemethod;

4.Liquidationpricemethod

Thepresentvalueofincome

Theestimatedincomeiscalculatedbydiscountingtheexpectedincomeperyear(ormonth)duringtheremaininglifeoftheevaluationobjectwithanappropriatediscountrate,andthenaccumulatingtheevaluationThepresentvalueonthebasedateisamethodofestimatingthevalueoftheasset.Thepresentvaluemethodofincomeisusuallyusedfortheoverallevaluationofincome-generatingenterprisesandtheevaluationofintangibleassets.

Thismethodismostcommonlyusedabroad,anditisalsothemainmethodfortechnicalassetevaluationinChina.Itsstartingpointisthatthevalueofanassetisdeterminedbythebenefitgeneratedbyitsuse,regardlessofitscost.

Theprerequisiteforusingtheincomemethodis:

Tobeabletodetermineandquantifytheasset’sfutureprofitability,netprofitornetcashflow;

Reasonablediscountrateofassets.Formachineryandequipmentwhoserevenuecanbequantified,therevenuemethodcanbeusedtoevaluate,suchasproductionlinesandcompletesetsofchemicalequipment.

Theadvantageoftheincomemethodisthatitcanfullyconsidervariousdepreciationfactorsofassets,andbecauseitusesfutureincometomeasurethevalueofassets,itsresultsareeasiertobeacceptedbyinvestors.Thelimitationisthatmostequipmentisdifficulttoquantifytoasinglepieceofequipmentbecausetheforecastedcashflowofmostequipmentisbroughtaboutbytheoverallassetssuchasfixedassets,currentassets,land,andintangibleassetsincludinghouses,machineryandequipment..Thesubjectivefactorsforpredictingfuturereturnsanddeterminingthediscountratearerelativelylarge,bothofwhichdirectlyaffecttheaccuracyandcredibilityoftheevaluationresults.

Whenusingtheincomemethodtoevaluate,itshouldbenotedthattheincomeperiodcannotbeindefinite;thetechnicalcontentoftheequipmentandtechnologicaladvancementshouldbeconsideredwhethertheequipmentunderevaluationmaybeeliminatedinadvance.Aslightnegligencewillbringrisks.Inviewoftheabovefactorssuchasthelimitationofincomeforecasting,intheevaluationwork,theincomemethodismostlyusedasasupplementarymethodtodeterminethefunctionaldepreciationandeconomicdepreciationoftheequipment,andtoanalyzewhetherthecompanyhasintangibleassets.

Replacementcost

Undercurrentconditions,thereplacementcostmethodisthereplacementcostofthenewstateoftheassessedassetminusthephysicaldepreciation,functionaldepreciationandEconomicdepreciation,amethodofestimatingthevalueofassets.Wherethereplacementcostmethodisusedforassetevaluation,itshallbebasedonthereplacementcostoftheassetunderthenewcondition,minustheaccumulateddepreciationoftheusefullifecalculatedatthereplacementcost,andconsiderthefunctionalchangesandthenewnessrate(assessedThenewandolddegreeoftheasset,suchas80%new,60%new)andotherfactors,shallbeevaluatedfortherevaluationvalue;ortherevaluationrateshallbere-determinedaccordingtotheusefullifeoftheasset,consideringthechangesinthefunctionoftheassetandotherfactors,andtherevaluationvalueshallbeevaluated.Thecalculationformulaofthereplacementcostmethodis:

Thevalueoftheappraisedasset=thefullreplacementprice-thephysicalobsolescencedevaluation-thefunctionalobsolescencedevaluation-theeconomicobsolescencedevaluationorthevalueoftheappraisedasset=thefullreplacementprice×Successfulnessrate

Amongthem,thereplacementfullpricereferstothereplacementcostoftheassessedassetinanewstate.

Thecostmethodistomeasurethevalueofassetsfromtheperspectiveofcost.Itfirstestimatesthecostofabrandnewassetthatisexactlythesameorhasthesamefunctionastheevaluationobject.Iftheassessedobjectisabrand-newequipmentorabrand-newfactory,thevalueoftheassessedobjectisitsreplacementcost.Accordingtotheprincipleofsubstitution,thepricethatthepurchaseriswillingtopaywhenconductinganassettransactionwillnotexceedthecostofrepurchasingorconstructingtheassetaccordingtomarketstandards.Iftheassessedassethasbeenused,thereplacementcostshouldbedeductedfromthereplacementcostduetonaturalwearandtear,technologicalprogress,orvariousdepreciationcausedbytheexternaleconomicenvironment.Therefore,thecostmethodisamethodofevaluatingthevalueofassetsbyestimatingthereplacementcostandphysicaldevaluation,functionaldevaluation,andeconomicdevaluationoftheassetunderevaluation,anddeductingvariousdevaluationsfromthereplacementcostasamethodofassetevaluation.[]

Marketcomparison

Themarketcomparisonmethodistodeterminethepriceofanappraisedobjectbasedonthepriceofareferencethatissimilarorcomparabletotheappraisedobjectontheopenmarket.Ifthereferenceobjectandtheevaluatedobjectarenotexactlythesame,adjustmentsneedtobemadeaccordingtothedifferencebetweentheevaluatedobjectandthereferenceobjectonthevalueoftheimpact.Themainfactorsaffectingthemarketvalueofmachineryandequipmentarecomparativefactors.Thecomparativefactorisanindicatorsystem,whichmustbeabletofullyreflectthefactorsthataffectthevalue.Incompleteoronlyusingindividualindicatorstomakeavalueassessmentisinaccurate.Generallyspeaking,thecomparisonfactorsofequipmentcanbedividedintofourcategories,namelyindividualfactors,transactionfactors,geographicalfactorsandtimefactors.

Themarketcomparisonmethodtoevaluatemachineryandequipmentrequiresaneffectiveandfairmarket.Effectivemeansthattheinformationprovidedbythemarketistrueandreliable,andthetradingoftheevaluationreferenceobjectinthemarketisactive.Fairnessmeansthatthemarketshouldhavealltheconditionsforfairtransactions.Everystepofthedecision-makingofbuyersandsellersismadeonthebasisofcarefulandadequateinformation,anditisassumedthatthepriceisnotaffectedbyinappropriatestimuli.

LiquidationPrice

TheLiquidationPriceLawappliestocompaniesthathavebeendeclaredbankruptbythePeople’sCourtinaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheEnterpriseBankruptcyLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(forTrialImplementation).Companiesgenerallydonotusethismethodinthereorganizationoftheshareholdingsystem.Whentheliquidationpricemethodisusedtoevaluateassets,therevaluationvalueshallbeassessedbasedontherealizablevalueofthecompany'sassetsatthetimeofliquidation.

Thechoiceofassetappraisalmethod

1)Thechoiceofappraisaltechnologyisbasedontheapplicabilityofappraisaltechnology;

2)Onthebasisthatvariousevaluationideashavebeendetermined,selectthespecifictechnicalmethodstorealizetheevaluationtechnology;

3)Underthepremiseofdeterminingthespecifictechnicalmethods,theeconomicsinvolvedintheapplicationofvariousspecifictechnicalevaluationmethodsSelectionoftechnicalparameters.

Relatedlawsandregulations(assessmentappraisalproject)

Assetappraisalprojectmeansthatwhenastate-ownedassetoccupierhasaneconomicbehaviorthatmustbeassessedTheactofapplyingforapprovalbythehigher-levelstate-ownedassetsmanagementdepartment.

Whatkindsofbehaviorsmustbecarriedoutforassetappraisalandprojectapproval?

1.Assetauctionandtransfer;

2.Mergers,sales,jointoperations,andshareholdingoperationsofenterprises;

3.ToestablishSino-foreignjointventuresorSino-foreigncooperativeventureswithforeigncompanies,enterprisesandothereconomicorganizationsorindividuals;

4.Enterpriseleasing;

5.Assetmortgageanditsguarantee.

Assetevaluationfeestandard

Explanation

ZhongPingXie[2009]No.199"Ontheimplementationofthe"AssetEvaluationFeeManagementMeasures"assoonaspossible"NoticeontheManagementofGoodAssetEvaluationFees"

AssetEvaluationAssociations(AssociationofCertifiedPublicAccountants)ofallprovinces,autonomousregions,municipalitiesdirectlyundertheCentralGovernment,andcitiesunderseparatestateplanning:

TostandardizeassetevaluationfeesTheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandtheMinistryofFinancejointlyissuedthe"AdministrativeMeasuresforAssetEvaluationFees"(FagaiPrice[2009]No.2914).Inordertoimplementthe"AdministrativeMeasuresforAssetEvaluationFees"anddoagoodjobinthemanagementofassetevaluationfees,therelevantmattersareherebynotifiedasfollows:

AttachgreatimportanceandactivelycooperatewiththeNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission.

,The"AssetAppraisalFeeManagementMeasures"jointlyissuedbytheMinistryofFinanceisamajorreformoftheassetappraisalfeesystem.Therequiredfeesarerelatedtothequalityofassessmentreportsandthehealthydevelopmentoftheassessmentindustry,aswellasnationalpropertyandeconomicsecurity.Alllocalassociationsshouldattachgreatimportancetoit,andactivelycooperatewithprovincialfinancedepartmentsandpriceauthoritiestodoagoodjobinthemanagementofassetevaluationfees.

Measurementstandards,unifiedreference

Inordertoprovideareferencebasisfortheformulationofspecificassessmentfeestandardsinvariousregions,Iwillconducttwoinvestigationsandanalysisonthechargingsituationoftheassetassessmentindustryacrossthecountry,andconsultTheinflationratesfortheyearsfrom1992to2008publishedbytheNationalBureauofStatistics,combinedwitheconomicgrowthinthenextfewyears,thepriceindexcontinuedtorise,andwithreferencetofactorssuchasthechargingstandardsofcertifiedpublicaccountants,lawyersandotherintermediaryindustries,proposedthelevelofassetevaluationfeesMeasurementstandard.

(1)Piece-ratecharging

Theaveragepiece-ratechargingstandardisdividedintosixgrades,andthedifferencechargingrateofeachgradeisasfollows:

DifferenceRateProgressiveChargeTable

(two)HourlyFees

Theaveragetime-basedfeesaredividedintofourlevels,andthetime-basedfeesforeachlevelareasfollows:

Legalrepresentative(chiefpartner),chiefappraiser(generalAppraiser):300-3000yuan/person?hour;

Partner,departmentmanager:260-2600yuan/person?hour;

Registeredappraiser:200-2000yuan/person?hour;

Assistant:100-1000yuan/Person?hour.

Strictlyorganizeandimplementcarefully

Alllocalassociationsmustbecloselyorganized,andtheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandtheMinistryofFinancejointlyissuedthe"AssetEvaluationFeeManagementMeasures"andquicklyforwardedthemtoallassetevaluationagencies.Organizeassetappraisalinstitutionstostudyandunderstandthespiritofthedocument,andimplementitconscientiously.

Seriouslydisciplineandstrengthensupervision

Whenlocalassociationsproposespecificchargingstandardstotheprovincialfinancedepartment,theymustbestrictlydisciplinedtoprevent"systemdiscounts."Itisnecessarytostrengthenthefollow-upandsupervisionoftheimplementationofthe"AssetEvaluationFeeManagementMeasures,"andtheevaluationagencymustpublicizetheevaluationitemsandchargingstandardsinaccordancewiththeregulations,andmustnotviolatetheregulationstoreducepricesandcompetition.Ifyouencounteranyproblemsduringtheexecutionofthedocuments,pleaseinformmeintime.

December4,2009

Collegesanduniversitiescurrentlyofferingassetappraisalprograms

RenminUniversityofChina

CentralUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

BeijingJiaotongUniversity

BeijingCityUniversity

BeijingMaterialsInstitute

BeijingElectronicsVocationalCollegeofScienceandTechnology

CapitalUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness

BeijingTechnologyandBusinessUniversity

HebeiUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness

HebeiAgriculturalUniversity

HebeiUniversityofTechnology

HebeiInstituteofFinance

HebeiProjectTechnicalCollege

HebeiVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofBuildingMaterials

QinhuangdaoVocationalTechnologyCollege

ShanxiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

ShanxiUniversitySchoolofBusiness

ShanxiYouthManagementCadreCollege

ShanxiProvincialSchoolofFinanceandTaxation

ShanxiVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofFinanceandTrade

YunchengCollege

InnerMongoliaUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

LiaoningTechnicalUniversity

DongbeiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

ShenyangInstituteofTechnology

LiaoningVocationalCollegeofFinance

JilinUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

JilinBusinessCollege

HarbinUniversity

HeilongjiangInstituteofTechnology

HeilongjiangInstituteofIndustryandCommerce

HeilongjiangVocationalCollegeofAgriculturalEconomics

FudanUniversity

ShanghaiNormalUniversity

ShanghaiInstituteofForeignTrade

ShanghaiDianjiUniversity

ShanghaiLixinUniversityofAccountingandFinance

LixinAccountingCollege

ShanghaiUniversityofInternationalBusinessandEconomics

NanjingUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

XuzhouInstituteofTechnology

NanjingAuditCollegeReviewCollege

WuxiVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofCommerce

XuzhouVocationalCollegeofArchitecture

SuzhouVocationalUniversity

WestAnhuiCollege

BusinessSchoolofAnhuiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

CityCollegeofSouthwestUniversityofScienceandTechnology

TonglingCollege

AnhuiVocationalCollegeofBusinessandTechnology

AnhuiVocationalCollegeofAuditing

JiangxiCollegeofAppliedScience,UniversityofScienceandTechnology

JiangxiVocationalCollegeofEnvironmentalEngineering

JiangxiEconomicsManagementVocationalCollege

JiangxiModernVocationalandTechnicalCollege

JiangxiVocationalCollegeofFinanceandEconomics

ShandongFinanceUniversity

ShandongUniversityofEconomics

ShandongUniversityofFinance

ShandongWaterConservancyVocationalCollege

ShandongInstituteofBusinessandTechnology

ShandongVocationalCollegeofEconomicsandTrade

ShandongInstituteofManagement

ShandongYouthUniversityforPoliticalSciences

HenanUniversityofEconomicsandLaw

ShangqiuWorkersCollege

PuyangVocationalandTechnicalCollege

HenanFinanceandTaxationCollege

HenanCollegeofAnimalHusbandryEconomics

HenanUniversityofEconomicsandLaw

WuhanUniversity

HubeiUniversityofEconomics

ZhongnanUniversityofEconomicsandLaw

GuangzhouUniversity

GuangdongUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

GuangdongPeizhengCollege

NanhuaUniversityofBusinessandTechnology

GuangzhouUniversitySongtianCollege

GuangzhouNavigationCollege

GuangdongVocationalCollegeofFinanceandEconomics

GuangdongVocationalCollegeofAgriculture,IndustryandCommerce

GuangxiUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

LushanCollegeofGuangxiInstituteofTechnology

GuangxiOrientalForeignLanguageVocationalCollege

GuilinShanshuiVocationalCollege

ChengduNeusoftCollege

SouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsTianfuCollege

CollegeofArtsandScience,SichuanNormalUniversity

SichuanAerospaceVocationalandTechnicalCollege

YibinVocationalandTechnicalCollege

XihuaUniversity

SouthwesternUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

SichuanAgriculturalUniversity

GuizhouCommercialCollege

KunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnologyJinqiaoCollege

KunmingMetallurgicalCollege

YunnanUniversityofFinanceandEconomics

Xi’anInstituteofForeignAffairs

ShaanxiAviationVocationalandTechnicalCollege

Xi’anHaitangVocationalCollege

ShaanxiPreschoolTeachersCollege

NingxiaVocationalandTechnicalCollegeofFinanceandEconomics

XinjiangVocationalUniversity

UrumqiVocationalUniversity

XinjiangConstructionVocationalandTechnicalCollege

AssetEvaluationEvaluationBasis

Projectevaluationreferstothebasisoffeasibilitystudy,inaccordancewiththepoliciesandregulationspromulgatedbyrelevantnationaldepartments,Methods,parametersandregulations,etc.,fromtheproject(orenterprise,nationaleconomy,socialpointofview,bythelendingbankorrelatedinstitutions)tothenecessityoftheconstructionoftheproposedinvestmentproject,constructionconditions,productionconditions,productmarketdemand,engineeringtechnology,Financialbenefits,economicbenefitsandsocialbenefits,etc.toconductacomprehensiveevaluation,analysisanddemonstration,andthendeterminewhethertheprojectisfeasible.

Enterprisebasicinformation

1.Businesslicense,taxregistrationcertificate,productionlicense,etc.ofindustrialandcommercialenterpriselegalperson;

2.Companyprofile;

3.ArticlesofAssociation;

TechnicalInformation

1.Introductiontotechnologyresearchanddevelopment,introductiontotechnologydevelopers;

2.Patentcertificateandrelatedlegaldocumentssuchasacceptance,transfer,modification(contract)andpaymentvouchers;

3.Patentspecification;

4.Projectfeasibilitystudyreportortechnicaltransformationplan;

5.Patenttechnologytestreport,scientificandtechnologicalachievementappraisalcertificate,patenttechnologysearchdata,technologyreviewbywell-knownexpertsintheindustry,etc.;

FinancialInformation

1.Theentrustingparty'sbalancesheetandincomestatementforthepastthreeyears(includingtheevaluationbasedate);

2.Theclient'sdevelopmentplanforthenextfiveyears;

Otherinformation

1.Awardcertificate,high-techenterpriserecognitioncertificate;

2.Letterofcommitmentfromtheclient.

Currentstatusoftheassetappraisalindustry

(1)Developmentstatusofassetappraisal

Withtheestablishmentandimprovementofthesocialistmarketeconomysystem,especiallythereformofstate-ownedenterprisesThedeepeningofthemarketandthedevelopmentoftheproductionfactormarkethavemadevariousformsofpropertyrightstransactionssuchasassettransfersandassetreorganizationsincreasinglyfrequent.Therefore,theassetappraisalindustry,anintermediaryagencythatservesthemarketeconomy,hasemergedandflourished.Playanincreasinglyimportantroleindevelopment.However,withthecontinuousdeepeningofmycountry'seconomicsystem,thecontinuousgrowthoftheevaluationmarketplaceshigherandhigherrequirementsontheevaluationindustry.

mycountry'sassetappraisalindustrywasbornwiththetideofreformandopeningupinthelate1980s.Asanindependentprofessionalmarketintermediaryserviceindustry,mycountry’sassetappraisalhasdevelopedrapidly.Itplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinregulatingcapitaloperation,maintainingeconomicorder,andpromotingeconomicdevelopment.Ithasbecomeindispensableforthedevelopmentofmycountry’smarketeconomy.Importantforce.

Theassetappraisalindustryisgreatlyaffectedbypolicies.Astherestructuringofthestate-ownedeconomyiscomingtoanend,competitionamongappraisalcompanieshasbecomeincreasinglyfierce.However,thenewsituationalsoprovideshugebusinessopportunitiesforthedevelopmentoftheappraisalindustry.

The"ForesightChinaAssetAppraisalIndustryAnalysisReport"showsthatasof2013,theappraisalindustryhasmorethan3,000appraisalagencies,morethan32,000registeredassetappraisers,andmorethan100,000employees.Graduallyadapttomarketdevelopment.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,from2005to2010,thenationalassetappraisalincomealsoachievedanaverageannualgrowthofmorethan10%.

Accordingtothenational"TwelfthFive-YearPlan",inthenextfiveyears,thecountrywillincreasetheproportionofmodernserviceindustryasoneofthemaingoalsofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andpromotethedevelopmentofmodernserviceindustryastheoptimizationandupgradingoftheindustrialstructure.Thestrategicfocusistoencouragethemergerandreorganizationorjointoperationofenterprisesinthemodernserviceindustry,andincreasetheindustrialconcentrationinthemarketintegration.Anumberoflargeserviceenterprisesorenterprisegroupswillbedeveloped,whichwillinevitablyprovidetheassetappraisalenterprisetobecomebigger,strongerandbetter.Goodopportunity.

Industryhistory

Developmenthistoryofassetappraisalindustry

1.Inthelate1980sandearly1990s,duetotheneedsofthesocialistmarketeconomy,assetappraisalcameintobeing.China'sassetappraisalindustryhasenteredastart-upperiod.

2.Inthemid-1990s,withtheadventofthestate-ownedenterpriseshareholdingsystem,thenumberofappraisalagenciesandappraisersincreasedrapidly,andChina'sassetappraisalindustryenteredaperiodofrapiddevelopment.

3.Fromtheendofthe20thcenturytothebeginningofthe21stcentury,thenumberofappraisalinstitutionsandregisteredappraisershasincreasedsteadily.China'sassetappraisalindustryhasenteredastageofsteadydevelopment.

ThedevelopingassetappraisalindustryinChina

mycountry’sassetappraisalindustrystartedin1989.WiththeapprovaloftheMinistryofPersonnel,theformerState-ownedAssetsAdministrationBureauestablishedanassetappraisalcenter.Exercisingthesupervisionandmanagementfunctionsofnationalassetappraisal.

InNovember1991,theStateCouncilissuedthe"MeasuresfortheAdministrationofState-ownedAssetsAppraisal"byOrder91,whichestablishedthebasicbasisformycountry'sassetappraisalwork.In1993,mycountryestablishedtheAssetAppraisalAssociation(incorporatedintotheChineseInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountantsfrom2000to2003),markingthebeginningofthetransitionfromthegovernment’sdirectmanagementofmycountry’sassetappraisalindustrytotheself-regulatorymanagementoftheindustryundergovernmentsupervision.

In1995,theChinaAssetsAppraisalAssociationjoinedtheInternationalValuationStandardsCommittee(IVSC)onbehalfofChina'sassetappraisalindustry,whichenabledmycountry'sassetappraisalindustrytoembarkonthepathofintegratingwithinternationalstandards.

Relatedbooks

Title:AssetEvaluation

Author:QinZhongfu,YangLuqiang

Press:TsinghuaUniversityPress

Publishingtime:2009-12-1

Format:16K

Price:29.00yuan

Introduction

Thistextbookiscompiledbasedonthelatestassetevaluationguidelinesandlegalnormspromulgatedandimplemented,reflectingthelatestdevelopmentofassetevaluation,comprehensivelyandsystematicallyintroducingandexpoundingthebasicprinciplesandbasictechnicalmethodsofassetevaluation,andintroducingtheprinciplesandmethodsofassetevaluationinmoredetail.Specificapplicationoftechnology.Thecontentofthistextbookcoversallaspectsoftheory,practiceandmanagement.

Thisbookissuitableforundergraduatesmajoringineconomicsandmanagementinordinarycollegesanduniversities,especiallyundergraduatesmajoringinassetevaluation,auditing,finance,accounting,andfinancialmanagement.Forthereferenceofpersonnelengagedinthepracticalworkofassetappraisal.

BookCatalog

ChapterOneBasicTheoryofAssetEvaluation

ChapterTwoProcedureandBasicMethodofAssetEvaluation

ThirdChapterMachineEquipmentAppraisal

Chapter4RealEstateAppraisal

Chapter5CurrentAssetsAppraisal

Chapter6IntangibleAssetsAppraisal

Chapter7Long-termInvestmentAssetEvaluation

Chapter8ResourceAssetEvaluation

Chapter9EnterpriseAssetEvaluation

Chapter10ComprehensiveOperationalPracticeofAssetEvaluation

ChapterElevenAssetEvaluationIndustryManagementandCodeofConduct

AppendixTableofTimeValueCoefficientofFunds

AnswerstoPracticeQuestions

Author:NationalRegisteredAssetAppraisersExaminationBookCompilationGroupEditing

Publisher:EconomicSciencePress

PublishingDate:2009-4-1

Words:430000

Pages:563

Format:Large32open

Packaging:Paperback

Price:25.00

Introduction

Assetappraisalhasbecomeanindispensablepartofthesocialistmarketeconomy.Atpresent,thestateattachesgreatimportancetothemarketintermediaryindustryincludingassetappraisal,whichprovidesanunprecedentedgoodpolicyenvironmentforthedevelopmentofmycountry'sassetappraisalindustry,andalsoputsforwardhigherrequirementsfortheoverallimprovementofthequalityoftheregisteredassetappraisersteam.

Selectingandcultivatingthereserveforceofregisteredassetappraiserswithbothabilityandpoliticalintegritythroughexaminationsisoneofthemostimportantlinksinthedevelopmentofmycountry'sassetappraisalindustry.Inordertocooperatewiththe2009NationalRegisteredAssetsAppraiserExaminationandbetterservethemajorityofcandidates,theChinaAssetsAppraisalAssociationorganizedrelevantexpertsandprofessorstofollowtheexaminationscopedeterminedbythe"2009NationalRegisteredAssetsAppraiserExaminationSyllabus"combinedwithregisteredassetsThecharacteristicsoftheappraiser’squalificationexaminationhaveabsorbedfeedbackfrompreviousyears’propositionandscoringwork,andcompiledthissetofexaminationbooks.Thisbookletstrivestosystematicallyandcomprehensivelyreflecttheknowledgeandskillsthatshouldbepossessedinregisteredassetevaluation,focusingonthecombinationoftheoryandpractice,professionalqualityeducationandexaminationguidance,andpayingattentiontotheabsorptionofthelatestachievementsinthefieldofassetevaluationtheoryresearchandpractice,especiallytherecentreleaseofthecountryRelevantpolicies,regulationsandindustrystandards.Thewholesetofbooksiseasytounderstandandhasstrongpracticabilityandpertinence.Itisnotonlyareferencetextbookforcandidatesandapracticeguideforregisteredassetappraisers,butalsoareferencetextbookforcollegeassetappraisalmajorsandrelatedscholars.

Thefullsetofexambooksisdividedintofivesubjects:"AssetEvaluation","EconomicLaw","FinancialAccounting","EvaluationFundamentalsofMechanicalandElectricalEquipment"and"ConstructionEngineeringEvaluationFundamentals".Thefive-subjectexaminationbookisbasedonthe2008examinationbook,supplementedandrevisedinaccordancewiththechangesinrelevantlawsandregulationsandthelatestdevelopmentoftheoreticalresearchinthepastyear.The"AssetAppraisal"hasbeenrevisedinaccordancewiththecontentofthenewlypromulgatedrelevantappraisalstandards,adding"assessmentforthepurposeoffinancialreporting"andothercontents;the"EconomicLaw"hasundergonemajoradjustmentsinthechapterstructureandexpandedthe"PropertyLaw"Relatedcontent.Thepropositionsoftheregisteredassetappraiserqualificationexaminationwillbemainlybasedonthe"2009NationalRegisteredAssetAppraisalExaminationSyllabus"andtheknowledgecontentofthispackagebook.Candidatesshouldcombinethestudyoftheexaminationsyllabusandexambooks,andpayattentiontounderstandingandmasteringtherelevantcontent.Onthebasisofbasicknowledge,basictheoriesandbasicskills,itcanbeusedflexibly.

Inordertohelpcandidatesdeepentheircomprehensiveunderstandingofrelevantprofessionalknowledge,wehavealsoorganizedandcompiledthe"NationalRegisteredAssetAppraisalExaminationComprehensiveExerciseCollection"andthe"NationalRegisteredAssetAppraisalExaminationRelatedRegulations"whicharematchedwiththeexaminationbook"Compilation"foryourreference.

Contents

Chapter1:OverviewofChina'sassetappraisalindustrydevelopment15

1.1Overviewoftheassetappraisalindustry15

1.1.1Definitionofassetappraisal15

1.1.2Thevalueofassetappraisal15

1.1.3Theindustrychargingstandardofassetappraisal16

1.1.4ThesourceofassetappraisalbusinessChannel17

1.2Differencesbetweendomesticassetevaluationstandardsandinternationalstandards17

1.2.1Differencesinscopeandeffectiveness17

1.2.2Differencesinformulationprinciples17

1.2.3Standardcontentdifferences18

1.2.4Standardprojectdifferences18

1.3Externalfactorsfavorabletothedevelopmentoftheassetappraisalindustry20

1.3.1Thestateattachesimportancetotheassetappraisalindustry20

1.3.2Legalsupportfortheassetappraisalindustry20

1.3.3Changesinrelevantstandardsfortheassetappraisalindustry21

p>

1.3.4Economicglobalizationbringsopportunitiestotheindustry22

1.4Analysisofcorporateassetappraisalmethods22

1.4.1Mainmethodsofcorporateassetappraisal22

(1)Assetreplacementcostnetpricemethod22

(2)Assetincomepresentvaluemethod23

(3)Assetcurrentmarketpricemethod23

(4)Assetliquidationpricemethod24

1.4.2Defectsofenterpriseassetevaluationmethod25

1.4.3Improvementofenterpriseassetevaluationmethod26

1.5Analysisofthedevelopmentofassetevaluationrelatedindustries27

1.5.1Analysisofthedevelopmentofaccountingfirms27

(1)Analysisofthecurrentdevelopmentofaccountingfirms27

(2)Theimpactofthedevelopmentofaccountingfirmsontheassetappraisalindustry28

1.5.2Analysisofthedevelopmentoftaxationfirms29

(1)Analysisofthedevelopmentstatusoftaxationfirms29

(2)Theimpactofthedevelopmentoftaxagentfirmsontheassetappraisalindustry30

1.5.3Analysisofthedevelopmentoflawfirms30

(1)ThecurrentsituationofthedevelopmentoflawfirmsAnalysis30

(2)Impactofthedevelopmentoflawfirmsontheassetappraisalindustry31

1)AnalysisofthemarketenvironmentofChina’sassetappraisalindustry32

1.6AssetappraisalAnalysisofIndustryPolicyEnvironment32

1.6.1RegulatoryEnvironmentofAssetEvaluationIndustry32

1.6.2LawsandRegulationsofAssetEvaluationIndustry32

1.6.3AssetEvaluationDetailsEvaluationcriteriabyindustry33

1.7Analysisoftheeconomicenvironmentoftheassetevaluationindustry34

1.7.1Internationalmacroeconomicoperationanalysis34

1.7.2Domesticmacroeconomicoperationanalysis37

(1)DomesticGDPgrowthanalysis37

(2)IndustryEconomicgrowthanalysis38

(3)Industrialproductionpriceanalysis40

(4)Fixedassetinvestment42

(5)Totalretailsalesofconsumergoods43

(6)Totalimportandexportvolumeanditsgrowth44

(7)Manufacturingpurchasingmanagerindex46

(8)Non-manufacturingbusinessactivityindex47

1.7.3Domesticpriceindextrendforecast49

1.7.4Domesticmacroeconomicoutlookforecast50

1.8Technicalenvironmentanalysisofassetappraisalindustry52

1.8.1Evaluationmethodofelectromechanicalequipment52

1.8.2Realestateevaluationmethod53

1.8.3Evaluationmethodofintangibleassets55

1.8.4Financialassetappraisalmethods57

1.9Industrialenvironmentanalysisofassetappraisalindustry59

1.9.1Developmentpolicyandplanningofequipmentmanufacturingindustry59

1.9.2EnergyindustryDevelopmentpolicyandplanning60

1.9.3Realestateindustrydevelopmentpolicyandplanning61

1.9.4Otherstrategicemergingindustrydevelopmentplanning62

(1)ChinaPanoramicanalysisofthedevelopmentoftheassetappraisalindustry63

1.10Analysisofthesupplyanddemandoftheassetappraisalmarket63

1.10.1Analysisofthemarketdemandoftheassetappraisalindustry63

(1)CorporateassetsTransfermarketanalysis63

(2)Corporatemergerandrestructuringmarketanalysis63

(3)Sino-foreignjointventureandcooperationmarketanalysis64

(4)CorporatebankruptcyliquidationMarketanalysis64

(5)Assetmortgageandguaranteemarketanalysis65

(6)Corporateassetleasingmarketanalysis65

(7)CorporatedebtrestructuringmarketAnalysis66

1.10.2Analysisofthemarketsupplyoftheassetappraisalindustry66

(1)Analysisofthenumberandscaleofassetappraisalagencies66

(2)IncomeofassetappraisalagenciesScaleanalysis66

(3)Analysisoftheincomestructureofassetappraisalagencies68

(4)Scaleofemployeesintheassetappraisalindustry68

1.11ThecompetitivesituationoftheassetappraisalindustryInfluencingfactors69

1.11.1Analysisoftheinfluenceofexistingcompetitors69

1.11.2Analysisofbargainingfactorsofserviceproviders71

1.11.3PotentialentrantsAnalysisofinfluencingfactors71

1.12Analysisofcompetitionstatusintheassetappraisalindustry71

1.12.1Marketstructureanalysisofassetappraisalindustry71

(1)Marketconcentrationofassetappraisalindustry71

(2)Productdifferentiationofassetappraisalindustry73

(3)Barrierstoentryintheassetappraisalindustry73

1.12.2Analysisofthecontentofcompetitionintheassetappraisalindustry74

(1)Pricecompetitionbehaviorintheassetappraisalindustry74

(2)AnalysisofCompetitiveBehaviorofAssetAppraisalReport74

1.12.3AnalysisofMarketPerformanceofAssetAppraisalIndustry75

(1)AnalysisofPracticeLevelofAssetAppraisal75

(2)Analysisofthescopeofpracticeofassetappraisal75

(3)Analysisofthequalityofassetappraisalreport75

1.13Analysisofthestatusofhumanresourcesintheassetappraisalindustry76

1.13.1Therelationshipbetweenhumanresourcesandindustrycompetitiveadvantages76

1.13.2Distributionofprofessionalcollegesanduniversitiesinassetappraisal76

1.13.3Thequalityofemploymentintheassetappraisalindustry78

1.13.4Measuresfortheconstructionofcorehumanresources79

(1)MarketanalysisofChina'sassetappraisalindustry81

1.14Marketanalysisofelectromechanicalequipmentappraisal81

1.14.1Boomanalysisofelectromechanicalequipmentmanufacturing81

1.14.2Analysisofelectromechanicalequipmentpriceindex81

1.14.3Analysisofthedevelopmentofelectromechanicalequipmentsegment82

(1)Generalequipmentmarketanalysis82

(2)Specialequipmentmarketanalysis83

(3)Electricalequipmentmarketanalysis84

(4)Analysisofelectronicequipmentmarketstatus85

1.14.4Riskanalysisofevaluationofelectromechanicalequipment85

(1)Determinationofevaluationscope86

(2)Selectionofevaluationmethods86

(3)Compositionofassetvalue86

(4)Riskoflegalownership87

(5)ReportDisclosureofrisks87

1.15Realestateappraisalmarketanalysis88

1.15.1Realestatemarketprosperityanalysis88

1.15.2Realestatemarketdevelopmentscale89

(1)Nationalrealestateinvestmentscale89

(2)Nationalrealestateconstructionscale90

(3)Nationalcommercialhousingsalesscale92

1.15.3Realestateappraisalmarketpriceanalysis93

(1)Keycitieslandpricelevelanalysis93

(2)Largeandmedium-sizedcitieshousingpriceanalysis94

1.15.4Priceanalysisofbuildingmaterials95

1.15.5Qualificationlevelofrealestateappraisalagency96

1.15.6Competitiveanalysisofrealestateappraisalagencies97

Landuserighttransferpriceappraisal99

Realestatetransferpriceappraisal101

RealestatemortgagevalueAppraisal102

Houseacquisitionappraisal104

Realestateconsultingservice106

Realestatejudicialappraisalappraisal107

Realestateappraisalforotherpurposes109

1.15.7Riskanalysisofrealestateappraisal111

(1)Technicalrisk111

(2)Policyrisk111

(3)Practicerisk111

(4)Inherentrisk112

(5)Industryrisk112

1.15.8Riskpreventionadvice112inrealestateappraisal

1.16Analysisoftheresourceassetevaluationmarket113

1.16.1Briefdescriptionofthefieldscoveredbytheresource-basedindustry113

1.16.2Analysisofthedevelopmentstatusoftheresource-basedindustry113

1.16.3Resource-basedindustryproductpriceanalysis114

1.16.4Resource-basedindustrymarketsegmentanalysis115

(1)Forestresourceassetassessment115

(2)Mineralresourceassetassessment116

1.16.5Riskanalysisofresource-basedindustryassessment116

(1)Factorsaffectingassetassessmentofresource-basedindustry116

(2)Riskpreventionofassetevaluationinresource-basedindustries117

1.17Intangibleassetevaluationmarketanalysis118

1.17.1Intangibleassetevaluationcovers118

1.17.2MarketAnalysisofIntangibleAssetsSegment118

(1)AnalysisofCulturalAssetsAppraisalMarket118

(2)IntellectualPropertyRightAppraisalMarket119

(3)Goodwillassetevaluationanalysis119

1.17.3Intangibleassetevaluationriskanalysis120

1.17.4Intangibleassetevaluationriskpreventionsuggestion121

1.18MarketAnalysisofEnterpriseValueEvaluation122

1.18.1MarketScaleAnalysisofEnterpriseM&AandReorganization122

1.18.2MarketAnalysisofEnterpriseValueEvaluation123

(1)Mainboardlistedcompanyevaluationmarketanalysis123

(2)ChiNextlistedcompanyevaluationmarketanalysis124

(3)Smallandmediumboardlistedcompanyevaluationmarketanalysis130

1.18.3Otherenterprisevalueevaluationmarketanalysis131

1.18.4Enterprisevalueevaluationriskanalysis132

1.18.5EnterprisevalueevaluationRiskcontrol133

1.19Financialassetappraisalmarketanalysis134

1.19.1Financialassetappraisalcovers134

1.19.2Financialassetmarketanalysis134

(1)Financialnon-performingassetevaluationmarket134

(2)Securitiesandfuturesassetevaluationmarket135

1.19.3Riskanalysisoffinancialassetevaluation137

1.20Otherassetevaluationmarketanalysis138

1.20.1Long-terminvestmentassetevaluationmarketanalysis138

1.20.2Liquidassetevaluationmarketanalysis138

(1)CompetitiveanalysisofkeyprovincesandcitiesinChina’sassetappraisalindustry140

1.21Analysisoftheselectionandemploymentofcentralenterprisesinvariousprovincesandcities’assetappraisalagencies140

1.21.1SelectionandemploymentofcentralenterprisesinvariousprovincesandcitiesOptionalsituationofassetappraisalagencies140

1.21.2Thefirstbatchofcentralenterprisesthataresubmittedtotheappraisalagencydatabase141

1.22Analysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinsomeprovincesandcities142

1.22.1AnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendofBeijing’sassetappraisalindustry142

(1)Beijing’sassetappraisalindustryeconomicenvironment142

(2)Beijing’sassetappraisalbusinessResourceanalysis143

(3)Beijingassetappraisalindustryoperationanalysis145

1)Beijingassetappraisalindustryincomescale145

2)BeijingassetsAppraisalofthenumberofpractitioners145

3)AnalysisofBeijing’sassetappraisalmarketsegment145

(4)Beijing’sassetappraisalagencycompetitionanalysis146

(5)DevelopmentprospectsoftheassetappraisalindustryinBeijing147

1.22.2AnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinShanghai147

(1)EconomicenvironmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinShanghai147

(2)Shanghaiassetappraisalbusinessresourceanalysis148

(3)Shanghaiassetappraisalindustryoperationanalysis149

1)Shanghaiassetappraisalindustryincomescale149

2)ThescaleofShanghai'sassetappraisalpractitionersis149

3)Shanghai'sassetappraisalmarketsegmentanalysis150

(4)Shanghai'sassetappraisalagencycompetitionAnalysis150

(5)DevelopmentprospectsoftheassetappraisalindustryinShanghai151

1.22.3AnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinGuangdongProvince151

(1)GuangdongEconomicEnvironmentofProvincialAssetsAppraisalIndustry151

(2)AnalysisofGuangdongProvincialAssetsAppraisalBusinessResources152

(3)GuangdongProvincialAssetsAppraisalIndustryBusinessAnalysis154

1)GuangdongProvinceAssetsEvaluationEstimatedthescaleofindustryincome154

2)ThescaleofemployeesinGuangdong'sassetappraisal155

3)TheanalysisofGuangdong'sassetappraisalmarketsegment155

(4)CompetitiveanalysisofassetappraisalinstitutionsinGuangdongProvince156

(5)DevelopmentprospectsofassetappraisalindustryinGuangdongProvince157

1.22.4AnalysisofdevelopmenttrendofassetappraisalindustryinJiangsuProvince158

(1)TheeconomicenvironmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinJiangsuProvince158

(2)TheresourceanalysisoftheassetappraisalindustryinJiangsuProvince159

(3)TheoperationanalysisoftheassetappraisalindustryinJiangsuProvince160

1)TheincomescaleoftheassetsappraisalindustryinJiangsuProvinceis160

2)ThescaleoftheassetsappraisalemployeesinJiangsuProvinceis160

3)TheanalysisofthemarketsegmentoftheassetsappraisalinJiangsuProvince160

(4)CompetitiveanalysisofassetsappraisalagenciesinJiangsuProvince160

(5)DevelopmentprospectsofassetsappraisalindustryinJiangsuProvince160

1.22.5ZhejiangassetsAnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheappraisalindustry161

(1)TheeconomicenvironmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinZhejiangProvince161

(2)TheresourceanalysisoftheassetappraisalbusinessinZhejiangProvince162

(3)BusinessanalysisofZhejiang'sassetappraisalindustry162

1)Zhejiang'sassetappraisalindustryincomescale162

2)Zhejiang'sassetappraisalindustrystaffscale163

3)AnalysisofZhejiang'sassetappraisalmarketsegment163

(4)ZhejiangProvince'sassetappraisalagencycompetitionanalysis163

(5)ZhejiangProvince'sassetappraisalindustrydevelopmentprospects163

1.22.6AnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinFujianProvince163

(1)TheeconomicenvironmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinFujianProvince163

(2)TheassetappraisalbusinessinFujianProvinceResourceanalysis164

(3)FujianProvincialAssetsAppraisalIndustryOperationAnalysis165

1)FujianProvincialAssetsAppraisalIndustryIncomeScale165

2)FujianProvincialAssetsAppraisalofthenumberofemployees166

3)AnalysisofFujian’sassetappraisalmarketsegment167

(4)FujianProvince’sassetappraisalagencycompetitionanalysis167

(5)DevelopmentprospectsoftheassetappraisalindustryinFujianProvince169

1.22.7AnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinShandongProvince169

(1)EconomicenvironmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinShandongProvince169

(2)ResourceanalysisofassetappraisalbusinessinShandongProvince170

(3)BusinessanalysisofassetappraisalindustryinShandongProvince171

1)IncomescaleofassetappraisalindustryinShandongprovince171

2)ThenumberofemployeesinShandongprovince’sassetappraisalis171

3)Shandongprovince’sassetappraisaldetailsMarketanalysis171

(4)CompetitionanalysisofShandongassetappraisalinstitutions171

(5)DevelopmentprospectsofShandongassetappraisalindustry172

1.22.8AnalysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinLiaoningProvince172

(1)TheeconomicenvironmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinLiaoningProvince173

(2)TheresourceanalysisoftheassetappraisalindustryinLiaoningProvince174

(3)BusinessanalysisoftheassetappraisalindustryinLiaoningProvince175

1)TheincomescaleoftheassetappraisalindustryinLiaoningProvinceis175

2)ThescaleofemployeesintheassetappraisalindustryinLiaoningProvinceis175

3)AnalysisofLiaoningProvince'sAssetAppraisalMarketSegment175

(4)LiaoningProvince'sAssetAppraisalAgencyCompetitionAnalysis175

(5)LiaoningProvince'sAssetAppraisalIndustryDevelopmentProspects176

1.23Analysisofthedevelopmenttrendoftheassetappraisalindustryinotherprovincesandcities176

1.23.1AnalysisofthedevelopmentoftheassetappraisalindustryinHeilongjiangProvince176

1.23.2XinjiangassetappraisalIndustryDevelopmentAnalysis178

1.23.3HenanProvinceAssetEvaluationIndustryDevelopmentAnalysis180

1.23.4GuangxiProvinceAssetEvaluationIndustryDevelopmentAnalysis181

1.23.5AnalysisofthedevelopmentofassetappraisalindustryinShanxiProvince183

(1)OperationanalysisofChina'sassetappraisalcompetitionenterprises186

1.24Analysisofcomprehensiveoperationstatusofassetappraisalenterprises186

1.25Casemanagementanalysisofcomprehensiveenterpriseassetevaluation187

1.25.1OperationanalysisofChinaEnterpriseChinaAssetsAppraisalCompany187

(1)Briefanalysisofenterprisedevelopment187

(2)Analysisofenterprisebusinessscope187

(3)Enterprisequalificationanalysis188

(4)Enterpriserevenueanalysis188

(5)EnterprisebusinessModelanalysis189

(6)Enterprisecustomerresourceanalysis189

(7)Enterpriseevaluationprojectanalysis190

(8)Enterpriseorganizationstructureanalysis191

(9)Enterprisehumanresourcestructure192

(10)Enterprisecompetitiveadvantageanalysis193

(11)Enterpriselatestprojectdevelopmenttrend193

1.25.2BusinessAnalysisofChinaUnitedAssetsAppraisalGroupCo.,Ltd.194

(1)Analysisofenterprisedevelopmentprofile194

(2)Analysisofenterprisebusinessscope194

(3)Analysisofcorporatequalifications197

(4)Analysisofcorporaterevenue197

(5)Analysisofcorporatebusinessmodel197

(6)Enterprisecustomerresourceanalysis198

(7)EnterpriseEvaluationprojectanalysis198

(8)Enterpriseorganizationstructureanalysis199

(9)Enterprisehumanresourcestructure199

(10)Enterprisecompetitionadvantagesanddisadvantages199

(11)Thelatestdevelopmenttrendoftheenterprise200