Introduction
Building psychology is the marginal disciplines in the interaction between external environment and human psychology, is a cross-discipline of psychology and architecture. The concepts and scientific knowledge provided by psychology, spiritual needs and behavioral psychology helps to establish a building environment in line with people.
Building psychology is the result of the development of modern architecture theory and practice and social life, which enables architectural and environment to truly welcomed people in people, and coordinators in the affordable orientation. From the perspective of psychology, outline the complete image of the relationship between the construction and the building environment, open up new ways of architectural design. As early as 1886 German H. Wolfin published "Building Psychology", 1970 held the first international architectural discussion at the Kingston University of London.
Since the 1970s, this study has been further deeply in-depth in the West and Japan, and some architects turn to social surveys, psychology, aesthetics and simulation intelligence. As a specialized knowledge of new methods in architectural design, architects are carrying out research on people, emphasizing their influence on the use of psychology and behavioral performance of environment and architecture, researching the psychological factors of architecture and the environmental variability of the environment.
Research Background
"Building Psychology" This word was first seen in 1886 German artist Walfen's book "Building Psychology", or translated in China Publishing Not much. However, from the era of Walfen, modern psychology, especially experimental psychology, has just sprouting, and the format tower is late until 1912. Judging the history of psychology, Walfen The description of "Building Psychology" is not the same proposition in this paper. There is a "Getting Started" of D · Kent "Building Psychology", which only involves some content of the environmental psychology, and is different from the focus of architectural psychology.
Looking at the history of psychology, psychology is born in the early 19th century, born in the physiology of human nervous system, with the development of psychology, from the "stimulating physics" and Anatomical thinking logic started a real psychological level. Judging from the perspective of architectural psychology, the study of "architectural psychology" is neither the content of D · Kent "architectural psychology", which is also different about environmental psychology. Yu Harry Francis Madgrar in the "architect's brain-neuroscience, creativity and architecture", with the concept of "humanistic brain" to "phenomenophous brain", The content of the student understanding of life is ticked. The study of "architectural psychology" should be "architectural design" as the main body, separated from the "building stimulus physics" and anatomical direction, and carry out the study of architectural design "psychological level", from its broadness, is " Architectural Psychology "and the future of architecture theory.
Research Scope
Building activities is one of the most complex social activities of humanity. The research scope of "architectural psychology" can be extended to social activities, and the psychology of people and society has a research value, "architectural psychology" research scope, from the particularity of its research subject, involved Very wide psychological research area.
Single from the construction project, "Environmental Psychology", "Engineering Psychology" and "Social Psychology" are involved, and the spatial combination of construction space is concerned. From the perspective, you can start from studying "behavioral psychology". Research on the psychological cognitive process in the architectural design, adopting a cognitive psychology, observing architectural designers, from the design task, familiarity, to the relevant design materials, to the final formation of project overall ideas Implement the plan, and even how to express design ideas. The study of this series of psychological activities will inevitably affect the development of "cognitive psychology".
With the aging of Chinese society, the industry's research on pension buildings has become a hotspot, applying "development psychology" and research methods to guide architectural design, will not think about fruitful results. In addition, research on the theory of "architectural psychology" also necessarily promotes the changes and development of architecture teaching theory. In addition, because of the particularity of the architectural design process, the importance of effective control management of the risk of desigin's psychological factors in many years is more important than the management of construction technology resources, and this area research It is also a blank.
"Building Psychology" and Psychological Linguistics
architectural design is actually a "visual graphical language", from the most primitive paper "three view" expression, to BIM design Apply Revit and other design software to do parameterized three-dimensional expression. And in terms of planning and design, the application of dynamic construction projects such as "Space Semifier", the application of Dynamic construction engineering design software, and the design, space, and environment has formed a big "dynamic building". Design Language System.
There are two ways to study the cause of speech: First, the analysis of the mistakes, the second is the laboratory study of graphic named. From the perspective of psychological linguistics, the "mistake" study can reveal the characterization method of the language in the brain, and the specific psychological process produced by the language. Therefore, it is important to study the "language of architectural design drawings, especially the" language "research on the program stage, and is important for the" architectural psychology "about architectural design. Develop innovative value.
Building psychology and aesthetics, philosophy
Zhu Guangli is studying aesthetic issue, "literary psychology" can be said to be a synonymy. Drop from Greece, the architectural design of the ancient Roman time, and its philosophy has a secret relationship, Western philosophy and academic system, has always followed "Logos Centerism", "The Generalization of Architectural Psychology", the author Create a word "Visual Logos" is used to explain the architecture theory. Western architectural theory can be said to be based on "visual logo centralism", "architectural psychology", is a subversion of architectural design ideas, architecture theory, marking "Anti-visual logic center The arrival of the Age.
On the other hand, from the macro perspective, space, the concept of space is too complicated. In terms of system theory, the natural environment and social environment is unified, and its system "big" cannot be used as a subject. Separate research, so "architectural psychology" research its broadness from the perspective of architectural design.
Building Psychology and Building History
Crowzi has a famous saying: "Every history is contemporary history."
Diversified development of contemporary building technology is not the first question of architectural designers, the diversity of technical means, but makes the architectural designer and the audience, the architecture and architectural design, trying to be from the style Looking for answers to tradition, it is inevitable to fall into the abyss of "architectural history."
Aliering the critique of modernist buildings along Wenqiu, the author believes that "the complexity and contradiction of architecture is human psychology, complexity and contradiction, in real world, material reflection, and The study of "architectural psychology" will uncover the architecture theory and the mysterious veil of the building history. "
master certain psychological knowledge, can consciously guide our architectural design, and Our architectural theory has a new revelation, let us jump out of the plane, facade research, use another idea to consider whether the construction of our design meets the principle of psychology, even trying to explore designers themselves The psychological response of the design process, effectively guides the design process, and form theoretical guidance practice. The research process of discrete format tower is greatly affected by the field of perception, which also affects the learning theory to some extent, so the study of architectural psychology should not only stay in "graphics and background". " Accessibility and continuity "" Complete and closed tendencies "and other sensory areas.
Difference
Comparison of environmental psychology and architectural psychology
The presentation of environmental psychology is in the 20th century In the era, the urban environment of Western countries has seriously deteriorated, and the physical and mental and behavior of residents have produced various negative impacts. The relationship between construction environment and behavior has caused attention to multidisciplinary researchers, and collects multidisciplinary research results form a cross-discipline. It is not difficult to see from his birth process. The direction of its research is mainly the role of building an environment to people's psychology. It is mainly concentrated in the "personal space" "Cognitive Map" "Ecological Perception Theory", especially in architectural design. Wide application in landscape design.
So "Environmental Psychology" is different from "Building Psychology"? Different points in the theory of personal space, interpersonal distance, privateness, domain, and environment-behavioral relationships of environmental psychology, are one of the directions of architectural psychology, and the main body of environmental psychology research, mainly Concentrate in the environment, urban planning. And architectural psychology is based on building monomers as research subjects, to graphic visual, architectural design, and of course, including the impact of construction space environments, the method of experimental psychology, and explore these issues Emerging discipline. Of course, environmental psychology is related to ecological consciousness theory, probability consciousness theory, urban environment, etc. also is part of architectural psychology, or called "intersection".
Building psychology and influence of architecture Theory
Architecture has been as an art discipline, some believe that "has an anti-rational and opposing logic. "This is also one of the reasons for the so-called architecture, with architectural psychology research, architecture will eventually get rid of this prejudice.
Cognitive psychology, research perception and senior psychological process in format tower, emphasize the organization, structure of format tower, and oppose behavioral psychology to regard people as passive stimulating reactors. Psychological research began to expand from the field of perception to cognitive fields. Cognitive psychologists decompose the information processing process into some stages, that is, decompose the whole process of the stimulus to the reaction, making the simulation variable. Computer simulation and rates are a special approach to cognitive psychologists. To make the computer like people, make the computer's procedure in line with the mechanism of human cognitive activities, that is, in line with some cognitive theory or model, the output provided by computer simulation can be compared with human behavior, making psychology research More means. Combined with related control, informationism, computer science and cognitive psychology, the "artificial intelligence" generated by the marginal disciplines, providing new ways of analyzing internal psychological processes and states.
Parametric Design has a similar attempt in the architectural design. There is a method of cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. It is the means of exploring a cognitive field and promoting the development of architecture theory. The research results of architectural psychology will certainly lead to an artistic discipline from visual senses from a visual sensory.