air freight

defined

Air transport aircraft, also known as transport, referred to as "air", which is in line with a aviation and airport conditions, the use of aircraft as a transportation tool mode of transportation of cargo. Air transport in our transportation sector, which accounts for cargo transport volume proportion is still relatively small, the main task is to undertake long-distance passenger transport, with the rapid development of logistics, air transport in the freight will also play an important role.

is calculated as gross air transport. Calculated in kilograms. Weighing less than 1 kg, 1 kg by count, more than one kilogram of mantissa rounding. Weight of each piece of goods loaded non widebody generally not more than 80 kg, the volume is generally not more than 40 * 60 * 100 cm. Wide-body aircraft cargo loading weight of each piece is generally not more than 250 kg. Volume of not more than 250 * 200 * 160 cm. More than the weight and volume of the cargo is determined whether the collection and transportation company based on specific conditions of Northwest. Volume of over 6000 cubic centimeters per kilogram of goods by light cargo weight. Light cargo per 6000 cubic centimeters equivalent to one kilogram of measurement.

Features

Air transport has the following characteristics:

(1) marketability.

air transport products offered is a special form of product 11 "space shift", and its products are changing the form of the displacement of air transport objects in space, product unit is "person-kilometers" and " ton kilometer "air transport product by product using the product attributes are people buying behavior in the air transport market of the last implementation.

(2) service.

The air transport industry is the third industry, the service industry. It provides a "spatial displacement" of the amount reflected in the number of services on, it means services and service attitude reflects the quality of service. This property determines the carrier must continue to expand capacity to meet the growing social demand for products, follow the "passengers first -, the user first" principle, to provide products people use safe, convenient, comfortable, punctual service.

(3) international.

Air transport has become the most important form of transportation in modern society, become the link international political contacts and economic cooperation. This includes both international friendship and cooperation, but also contains international competition in the formulation of implementation and other services, tariffs, technical coordination, management and laws and regulations, are subject to international control and uniform standards of international air transport market .

(4) paramilitary.

First of all mankind aviation activities into the military field, and after converted to civilian use. Modern warfare is an important factor to grasp control of the air war has made the initiative. Therefore, many countries in the law for air transport enterprise owned fleet and related personnel in peacetime service in the national economy, as a military reserve forces, in time of war or a state of emergency, civil aviation can be requisitioned by the state in accordance with legal procedures, serve the needs of the military.

(5) capital, technology, risk-intensive.

The air transport industry is a high input of industry, regardless of means of transport, other transport equipment or expensive value, huge cost. So the operating costs are very high, due to the high technical requirements of the air transport industry, operating complex equipment, high degree of interdependence between the various departments, and therefore its operations during the big risk. Governments and organizations of any country do not have the appropriate financial resources, such as subsidies to subsidize urban public transport as the country's air transport enterprises. For this reason, the air transport industry in the world are not considered as part of social welfare, it must be based on profit targets in order to maintain normal operations and development.

(6) natural monopoly.

Due to the huge investment in the air transport industry, capital, technology, risk highly intensive, long payback period, subject to air transport more stringent eligibility restrictions, high market entry barriers, combined with historical reasons, making air transport a natural monopoly industry in the development process.

Basic Elements

elements to achieve the main air transport, including airports, aircraft, routes, flights and airlines.

(1) airport. Air Station, commonly known as Airport, also known as airports, aircraft from the flight activities are for places.

(2) aircraft. Aircraft in the narrow sense refers to the aircraft. Broadly refers to all aircraft on the machine can be supported by means of the reaction of air in the atmosphere. Aircraft referred to here mainly refers to the aircraft in the narrow sense.

(3) routes. Route is approved to open up the site to connect two or more regular or irregular flight, aviation transit transport operations management. Route provides a clear direction routes, stopping places as well as the width and height of the layer route of flight. In order to flight safety, air traffic maintain order in civil aviation transport flight, the flight must be in accordance with the provisions of the route.

(4) flights. The plane took off in accordance with the provisions of the routes by the originating station to the terminal station stops for transport flight referred flight. Flights To use according to flight schedules specified in the route specified models, in accordance with the provisions of the date specified in the flight time. That has "four" characteristics "fixed route, fixed type, fixed date, given moment".

(5) airlines. Airlines and aircraft means the company has engaged in air transport services. The airline has the following characteristics:

First, you must have - given the number of aircraft, which is a prerequisite for the establishment of the airline.

Secondly, there must be air transport operations and its ability to adapt.

Ran times, the airline business is the most important of passengers and goods transported from one place to another place.

type and form of transport

Type

According to different classification criteria, air transport can be divided into different categories.

(1) From the nature of air transport, air transport into the general domestic and international air transport air transport two categories.

According to the definition of Article 107, "Civil Aviation Act", the so-called domestic air transport means according to the contract of carriage by air between the parties, the place of departure transport, agreed stopping place and destination are within the People's transportation in the Republic. The so-called international air transport means according to the contract of carriage by air between the parties, regardless of transport or without stopover or transshipment, the place of departure of transport, one stopping place and destination are not stipulated in the territory of the People's Republic of China transport.

(2) from the target air transport can be divided into air passenger transport, air passenger baggage and air cargo transportation categories.

more special baggage air travelers can be attached to the air passenger transport, can also be regarded as a separate transport process. Airmail is a special air cargo transport, a transport priority case, by the "Postal Law" and the relevant administrative regulations, departmental rules and other adaptation, from the relevant provisions of the "Civil Law" specification.

(3) chartered transportation. Charter transport refers to the use of civil air transport artificial certain purpose packet carrying passengers or goods transportation in the form of a public air transport enterprise of the aircraft, which is characterized by human needs and charter carrier charter written contract of carriage, wells life of the contract in accordance with the contract of independent civil aircraft charter, charter people are not necessarily directly involved in air transport activities.

form

Air Operator's main form of transport schedule, transport and charter plane transportation. Usually schedule transport, the latter two are temporary arrangements as necessary. Transportation schedule is based on timetables, at a fixed model along a fixed route, fixed transport task execution time. When a large amount of passengers and cargo for shipment, transportation schedules can be organized along the route of flight overtime. Management quality air transport mainly be evaluated from the level of safety, economic efficiency and quality of service aspects 3.

Cargo formalities

1, the shipper of the consignment shall pay the carrier transport of goods to fill orders, and provides the necessary accompanying documents valid according to the national authorities. The shipper is responsible for transportation to deal with authenticity and correctness of the contents of a single fill. Fill the shipper to pay transport of goods accepted by the carrier single, after the issuance of the transport of goods by the carrier single, contract air cargo transport shall set. After

2, the package requires the shipper to transport goods by air, should fill pay charter application, the carrier agrees to accept and sign a charter carriage agreement, contract of carriage of cargo air charter shall set up, signed an agreement the parties shall abide by the relevant authorities of civil aviation charter transportation regulations.

3, the shipper for the transport of goods shall be subject to the national authorities Packaging Standard packaging; there is no uniform packaging standards, the shipper should be based on the principles of security to ensure that transport, according to the nature of the goods and carry aircraft and other conditions of the package. Who do not meet these packaging requirements, the carrier is entitled to refuse to carry the goods do not meet the specifications.

4, the shipper must be indicated on the consignment hair station, the station and the shipper, consignee units. Name and address, identify packaging and storing index mark in accordance with national regulations. 5, the state must cargo insurance, the shipper should insure cargo transport insurance at the time of shipment.

6, the shipper of the consignment, freight and other charges shall be payable at the rate specified in the Civil Aviation Administration. In addition to the shipper and the carrier otherwise agreed, freight and other charges shall be in a lump sum when the carrier issuing the goods consignment. After

7, the carrier shall place the goods to reach the consignee issued a notice of arrival of goods shipped within 24 hours, the consignee should prove timely delivery to the designated location with the goods, the goods from the issue to the next day shipment date of the notice, free custody for three days. Consignee delays in extraction, transport rules should discuss pay custodial fees.

8, when the consignee of the goods, the goods or halfway without objection by weight, and the transport of goods on a single receipt, i.e. release carrier transport responsibility.

9, due to negligence or intent to cause loss of carrier into the shipper or the consignee, the shipper or consignee seek compensation, should play a one hundred eighty fill in the transport of goods the day after the accident record days in writing to the carrier, together with relevant supporting documents.

A Brief Introduction

global economic integration, trade, sustained economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure, economic and civil aviation management system reform deepening, etc., to create for the development of aviation logistics in my country a good environment. The poor macroeconomic situation at home and abroad since 2011, making the weak demand, supply and demand imbalance freight, freight price level continued to slump, the future of the overall weakness in the freight situation is likely to continue for some time. The face of an increasingly competitive market environment, the domestic aviation logistics enterprises must seek to change the law.

In the general trend of market power structure gradually to the consumer (customer) tilt, master customer resources, customer-facing terminal network needs is the most valuable, the most difficult to replace the network. With the development of economy and society, to mere transport as the main function of traditional aviation logistics services has been unable to meet customer needs, to the development of my country's aviation logistics, it is necessary to develop an integrated aviation logistics.

air transport began in 1871. At that time the Franco-Prussian War of French government officials to use balloons and supplies, mail out of Prussian siege of Paris. May 5, 1918, transport aircraft for the first time, route New York - Washington - Chicago. In the same year June 8, begin regular postal flight between London and Paris. With 30 years of civil transport, a variety of technical performance continues to improve, the development of the aviation industry to promote the development of air transport. After World War II, the world gradually established a network of routes to major cities in various countries for the start and end point of the route network on all continents of the world. In 1990, the world's scheduled flights to complete the total turnover of 235.67 billion tons kilometers.

The past two years, due to the international economic downturn, countries around the world import and export trade growth slowed in 2011, the global air cargo traffic fell by 0.7%. As the decline in freight traffic in Asia Pacific aviation market and the largest international air cargo hub of global manufacturing activity reached a maximum of 4.8%, the international cargo market fell by 4.6%.

The latest data released by the International Air Transport Association show that the total global air cargo appeared in July 2012 decreased slightly in June after an increase of 0.1% in July cargo volume fell by 3.2% year on year , which in July global international cargo flights fell by 3.3%. In July 2012, the global air cargo capacity decreased by 0.6%, so that the cargo load factor slightly in July, the chain increased 0.2%.

domestic front, the survey data show that the poor macroeconomic situation at home and abroad since 2011, seriously affecting the profitability of air cargo, the next general freight weak trend is likely to continue for some time.

2011 years, the industry-wide cargo and mail transport volume 5.575 million tons, 1.0% lower than last year. Domestic routes, cargo and mail transport volume 3.794 million tons, an increase of 2.4% over the previous year, of which Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan routes completed 210,000 tons, 3.0% lower than the previous year; international routes, cargo and mail transport volume 1.78 million tons, 7.6 lower than last year %.

January to July 2012, the whole industry cargo and mail traffic 2.9621 million tons, 4.8% lower than last year. Domestic routes, cargo and mail transport volume 2.0856 million tons, an increase of 0.2% over the previous year, of which Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan routes completed 112,700 tons, 11.0% lower than the previous year; international routes, cargo and mail transport volume 876,200 tons, lower than last year 14.7 %.

Although my country's aviation logistics industry is facing some difficulties, but on the whole, these difficulties are only temporary. While Air Logistics as a business activity in most provinces, the most efficient logistics and freight way that is consistent with the trend of the times, so it has strong vitality and huge space for development.

In 2007 Chinese civil aviation industry continued to maintain rapid growth, industry-wide annual passenger transport about 184 million passengers, an increase of about 15.0%, the national passenger throughput of about 384 million passengers, an increase of about 15.6% . Outlook 2007-2010, we believe the Chinese civil aviation industry will continue to maintain high growth momentum, the civil airport industry will be developed simultaneously.

infrastructure bottlenecks faced by many airports are staged, a listed company in the long term airport development space far from the ultimate state, and has broad prospects for development. At the same time the airline in advance hub and spoke network construction, which will bring more passenger and cargo traffic listed airport.

The air transport industry, affected by large economic fluctuations and other emergencies. But even the air transport industry fluctuations, the civil airport industry as the air transport industry chain infrastructure, its cyclical fluctuations is relatively flat, earnings and long