Background
Foralongperiodoftime,emotionhasbeenoutofthesightofcognitivescienceresearchers.Itwasnotuntiltheendofthe20thcenturythattheidentityofemotionasanimportantpartofthecognitiveprocesswasuniversallyrecognizedbytheacademiccommunity.Contemporarycognitivescientistscompareemotionwithperception,learning,memory,speechandotherclassiccognitiveprocesses.Theresearchonemotionitselfandtheinteractionbetweenemotionandothercognitiveprocesseshasbecomearesearchhotspotincontemporarycognitivescience.Affectivecomputing(affectivecomputing)hasalsobecomeanemergingresearchfield.
Asweallknow,peoplewillhaveemotionalupsanddownssuchasjoy,anger,sorrow,andjoyanytimeandanywhere.Sointheprocessofhuman-computerinteraction,canthecomputerexperiencepeople'sjoys,angers,sorrows,andsorrows,andactaccordingtothesituation?Emotionalcomputingresearchisanattempttocreateacomputingsystemthatcanperceive,recognize,andunderstandhumanemotions,andcanmakeintelligent,sensitive,andfriendlyresponsestohumanemotions,thatis,toempowercomputerstoobserve,understand,andgenerateallkindsofthingslikehumans.Theabilityofemotionalcharacteristics.
Currently,therearestillmanychallengesfacingemotionalcomputingresearch,suchastheacquisitionandmodelingofemotionalinformation,emotionalrecognitionandunderstanding,emotionalexpression,andnaturalandharmonioushumanizedandintelligentman-machines.Interactionimplementationissues.Obviously,inordertosolvetheaboveproblems,weneedtoknowhowpeopleperceivetheenvironment,whatemotionsandintentionspeoplehave,andhowpeoplerespondappropriately.Humanemotionalcommunicationisaverycomplexprocess,notonlyaffectedbytime,place,environment,characters,objects,andexperiences,butalsobyfacialexpressions,language,actions,orphysicalcontact.Therefore,intheprocessofhuman-computerinteraction,thecomputerneedstocapturekeyinformation,recognizetheuser’semotionalstate,perceivehumanemotionalchanges,anduseeffectivecluestoselecttheappropriateusermodel(accordingtotheuser’soperationmode,facialexpressioncharacteristics),Attitudepreferences,cognitivestyle,knowledgebackground,etc.),andformexpectationsoftheintentionbehindtheuser’semotionalchanges,andthenactivatethecorrespondingdatabasetoactivelyprovideuserswithnewinformationneededinatimelymanner.
Thedevelopmentofresearchonaffectivecomputingreliestoalargeextentonthenewprogressofpsychologicalscienceandcognitivescienceonhumanintelligenceandemotion.Psychologicalresearchhasshownthatemotionisthemaintenanceorchangeofacertainrelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheenvironment.Whenobjectivethingsorsituationsmeetpeople’sneedsanddesires,theywillcausepositiveandpositiveemotions,andwhentheydonot,theywillcausepeopletobenegative.Negativeemotions.Emotionhasthreecomponents:subjectiveexperience(individual'sself-perceptionofdifferentemotionalstates),externalperformance(quantifiedformsofactionsofvariouspartsofthebodywhentheemotionalstateoccurs,thatis,expressions)andphysiologicalarousal(physiologicalreactionproducedbyemotion).Fromtheperspectiveofbiologicalevolution,wecandividehumanemotionsintobasicemotionsandcomplexemotions.Basicemotionsareinnate,withindependentneurophysiologicalmechanisms,internalexperienceandexternalperformance,aswellasdifferentadaptivefunctions.Peoplehavefivebasicemotions.Theyarehappinesswhenthecurrentgoalisprogressing,anxietywhenthegoalofself-protectionisthreatened,sadnesswhenthecurrentgoalcannotbeachieved,angerwhenthecurrentgoalisfrustratedorhindered,andtaste(Taste)Disgustthatgoesagainstthegoal.Thecomplexemotionsarederivedfromdifferentcombinationsofbasicemotions.
Emotionisaninternalsubjectiveexperience,butitisalwaysaccompaniedbyacertainexpression.Expressionsincludefacialexpressions(apatterncomposedofchangesinfacialmuscles),postureexpressions(expressionsonotherpartsofthebody),andintonationexpressions(changesinthetone,rhythm,andspeedofspeech).Thesethreeexpressionsarealsocalledbodylanguage,whichconstitutehumannon-verbalcommunicationmethods.Facialexpressionisnotonlyamorenaturalwayofexpressingemotions,butalsothemainindicatorofpeople'sidentificationofemotions.Byusingspecificequipment,wecanstudythesmallfacialexpressionchanges,andevendistinguishbetweenrealsmilesandfakesmiles:whenapersonsmiles,thecheeksrise,themusclesaroundtheeyespileup,andtheelectricalactivityofthelefthemisphereofthebrainincreases;andWhenapersonsmirks,onlythemusclesofthelipsareactive,thelowerjawisdrooping,andtheelectricalactivityofthelefthemisphereofthebrainisnotobvious.ThefacialmotioncodingsystemFACScanformcomplexexpressionchangesonthefacethroughthecombinationofdifferentcodingandmotionunits,anditsresultshavebeenappliedtotheautomaticrecognitionandsynthesisoffacialexpressions.
Aperson'spostureisthebodyexpression,whichgenerallychangeswiththeinteractionprocessandexpressessomeinformation.
Intonationexpressionsexpressthespeaker’semotionsthroughtheheight,strength,andcircumflexofthevoice.Ininterpersonalcommunication,voiceisthemostdirectcommunicationchannelforpeople.
Avarietyofphysiologicalindicatorscanalsobeusedinemotionalcomputingresearch,suchascortisollevel,heartrate,bloodpressure,respiration,electricalskinactivity,palmsweat,pupildiameter,event-relatedpotential,EEG,etc..Studieshavefoundthatstartlereflexcanbeusedasaphysiologicalindicatorformeasuringemotionalpleasure,andgalvanicskinresponsecanbeusedasaphysiologicalindicatorformeasuringemotionalphysiologicalarousal.
Obviously,conductingcognitivescientificresearchisnotonlytosatisfyhumanintellectualcuriosity,butmoreimportantly,toservehumanityandimprovethequalityofhumanlife.Emotionalcomputinghasawiderangeofapplications.Byacquiring,classifying,identifying,andrespondingtohumanemotions,computerscanhelpusersobtainanefficientandfriendlyfeeling,effectivelyalleviatepeople’sfrustrationinusingcomputers,andevenhelppeopleunderstandtheirownandothers’emotionalworld.Theemotionaldesignofcomputerscanhelpusincreasethesafetyofusingequipment,humanizeexperience,andoptimizethefunctionofcomputersasamediumforlearning.
Affectivecomputingisahighlyintegratedresearchandtechnicalfield.Throughthecombinationofcomputationalscience,psychologicalscience,andcognitivescience,studyingtheemotionalcharacteristicsofhuman-humaninteractionandhuman-computerinteraction,anddesigningahuman-computerinteractionenvironmentwithemotionalfeedback,itwillbepossibletorealizehuman-computeremotions.Interactive.Affectivecomputingresearchwillcontinuetodeepentheunderstandingofhumanemotionalstatesandmechanisms,andimprovetheharmonybetweenhumanandcomputerinterface,thatis,improvethecomputer'sabilitytoperceivesituations,understandhumanemotionsandintentions,andrespondappropriately.
Human-computerinteraction
Traditionalhuman-computerinteractionismainlycarriedoutthroughkeyboard,mouse,screen,etc.Itonlypursuesconvenienceandaccuracy,andcannotunderstandandadapttohumanemotionsormood.Withoutthisabilitytounderstandandexpressemotions,itisdifficulttoexpectcomputerstobeasintelligentashumans,anditisalsodifficulttoexpecthuman-computerinteractiontobetrulyharmoniousandnatural.Sincethecommunicationandexchangebetweenhumansisnaturalandemotional,intheprocessofhuman-computerinteraction,peoplealsonaturallyexpectcomputerstohaveemotionalcapabilities.AffectiveComputtingistogiveacomputertheabilitytoobserve,understand,andgeneratevariousemotionalfeaturessimilartoahuman,andultimatelyenablethecomputertointeractnaturally,kindlyandvividlylikeahuman.
Emotionscanalsobecalculated
In-depthresearchonhumanemotionswascarriedoutasearlyastheendofthe19thcentury.However,apartfromsciencefiction,fewpeopleinthepastassociate"feeling"withinanimatemachines.Onlyinmoderntimes,withthedevelopmentofdigitalinformationtechnology,peoplebegantoimaginethatmachines(computers)alsohave"emotions."Extractingemotionalfeaturesfromperceptualsignalsandanalyzingtherelationshipbetweenhumanemotionsandvariousperceptualsignalsisaresearchdirectionthathasjustemergedintheworldinrecentyears(Figure1).
Thechangesofpeople'smoodandmoodstatearealwaysaccompaniedbytheupsanddownsofcertainphysiologicalorbehavioralcharacteristics,whichareaffectedbyaseriesoffactorssuchastheenvironment,culturalbackground,andpersonalityoftheperson.Toallowmachinestoprocessemotions,wemustfirstexploretheinteractionprocessbetweenpeople.Sohowdopeopleexpressemotions,andhowdotheyperceivethemaccurately?Peopleexpresstheiremotionsthroughaseriesoffacialexpressions,bodymovementsandvoices,andperceivechangesinemotionsthroughsight,hearing,andtouch.Visualperceptionismainlycarriedoutthroughfacialexpressionsandgestures;voiceandmusicarethemainauditorypathways;tactileperceptionincludestheprocessingofcaress,shock,sweatsecretion,heartbeatandotherphenomena.
Thefocusofemotionalcomputingresearchistoobtainphysiologicalandbehavioralcharacteristicsignalscausedbyhumanemotionsthroughvarioussensors,andestablish"emotionalmodels"tocreatetheabilitytoperceive,recognize,andunderstandhumanemotions.Andcanmakeintelligent,sensitive,andfriendlypersonalcomputingsystemfortheuser'semotions,shortenthedistancebetweenmanandmachine,andcreateatrulyharmoniousman-machineenvironment.
Applicationfield
Emotionalcomputingisahighlyintegratedtechnicalfield.Sofar,relevantresearchhasmadesomeprogressinfacialexpressions,postureanalysis,andspeechemotionrecognitionandexpression.
Facialexpressions
Inlife,itisdifficultforpeopletomaintainarigidfacialexpression.Itisanaturalwayforpeopletoexpressemotionsthroughfacialexpressions.Itsemotionalexpressionareasmainlyincludemouth,cheeks,eyes,eyebrowsandforehead.Whenapersonexpressesemotions,onlyasmallchangeinthelocalfeaturesoftheface(suchasfrowningtheeyebrows)canreflectastateofmind.In1972,thefamousscholarEkmanproposedamethodforexpressingfacialemotions(FaceMotionCodingSystemFACS).Throughthecombinationofdifferentcodesandmotionunits,complexexpressionchangessuchashappiness,anger,sadness,etc.canbeformedontheface.Thisresulthasbeenacceptedbymostresearchersandhasbeenappliedtotheautomaticrecognitionandsynthesisoffacialexpressions.
Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputertechnology,inordertomeettheneedsofcommunication,peoplefurtherintegratetheworkoffacerecognitionandsynthesisintocommunicationcoding.ThemosttypicalistheMPEG4V2visionstandard,whichdefinesthreeimportantparametersets:facedefinitionparameters,faceinterpolationtransformationandfaceanimationparameters.Thesizeofthespecificvalueintheexpressionparameterrepresentsthedegreeofexcitement,andmultipleexpressionscanbecombinedtosimulatemixedexpressions.
Inthecurrentfacialexpressionprocessingtechnology,moreemphasisisplacedonmoredetaileddescriptionandmodelingofthree-dimensionalimages.Complextexturesandmoredetailedgraphicstransformationalgorithmsareusuallyusedtoachievevividemotionalexpressioneffects.Onthisbasis,differentalgorithmsformdifferentlevelsofapplicationsystems.
Posturechanges
People'sposturesgenerallychangealongwiththeinteractionprocess,andtheyexpresssomeinformation.Forexample,thestrengtheningofgesturesusuallyreflectsanemphaticstateofmind.Ifacertainpartofthebodyisconstantlyswinging,itusuallyhasatendencyofemotionaltension.Comparedwithchangesinspeechandfacialexpressions,theregularityofposturechangesismoredifficulttoobtain,butbecausechangesinhumanposturesmakeexpressionsmorevivid,peoplestillshowstrongconcernaboutthem.
Scientistshavespeciallydesignedaseriesofsportsandbodyinformationcapturedevicesforlimbmovement,suchasmotioncapturedevices,datagloves,smartseats,etc.Somefamousforeignuniversitiesandmultinationalcompanies,suchasMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,IBM,etc.,havebuiltsmartspacesonthebasisofthesedevices.Atthesametime,somepeopleapplysmartseatstothecar'sdriver'sseattodynamicallymonitortheemotionalstateofthedriverandprovidetimelywarnings.SomescientistsinItalyalsousedaseriesofpostureanalysistoautomaticallyanalyzetheemotionsofofficestaffanddesignamorecomfortableofficeenvironment.
VoiceComprehension
Intheprocessofhumaninteraction,voiceisthemostdirectcommunicationchannelforpeople.Throughvoice,peoplecanclearlyfeeltheemotionalchangesoftheotherparty,suchasthroughspecialtoneofvoice.Changesinwords,intonation,etc.Whenpeopletalkonthephone,althoughtheycan'tseeeachother,theycanfeeleachother'smoodchangesintheirtoneofvoice.Forexample,thesamesentence"Youarereallygood"canbemadeintoasentenceofappreciation,oritcanbemadeintoasentenceofsatireorjealousywhenusingdifferenttones.
Currently,theinternationalresearchonemotionalspeechmainlyfocusesontheanalysisofemotionalacousticfeatures.Generallyspeaking,emotionalfeaturesinspeechareoftenexpressedthroughchangesinspeechprosody.Forexample,whenapersonisangry,therateofspeechwillbecomefaster,thevolumewillbecomelouder,andthepitchwillbecomehigher.Atthesametime,somephonemecharacteristics(formant,vocaltractcross-sectionfunction,etc.)canalsoreflectemotionalchanges.ExpertsfromtheStateKeyLaboratoryofPatternRecognition,InstituteofAutomation,ChineseAcademyofSciences,firstproposedanemotionalfocusgenerationmodelforfocalphenomenainlanguage.Thisprovidesabasisfortheautomaticpredictionofemotionalstatesinspeechsynthesis,combinedwithhigh-qualityacousticmodels,makesemotionalspeechsynthesisandrecognitionthefirsttoreachthelevelofpracticalapplication.
Multimodalcomputing
Althoughhumanfaces,posturesandvoicescanindependentlyexpresscertainemotions,peoplealwayscommunicatethroughtheaboveinformationintheprocessofcommunicatingwitheachother.Comprehensiveperformance.Therefore,onlytherealizationofmulti-channelhuman-computerinterfaceisthemostnaturalwayofinteractionbetweenhumansandcomputers.Itintegratesmultiplecommunicationchannelssuchasnaturallanguage,voice,signlanguage,face,lipreading,headposture,andbodyposture.Italsoencodes,compresses,integratesandmergesthesechannelinformation,andcentrallyprocessesmultimediainformationsuchasimages,audios,videos,andtexts.
Currently,multi-modaltechnologyitselfisbecomingaresearchhotspotofhuman-computerinteraction,andemotionalcomputingfusionmulti-modalprocessingtechnologycanachievemulti-featurefusionofemotions,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheperformanceofemotionalcomputing.Researchdepthandpromotetheemergenceofhigh-qualityandmoreharmonioushuman-computerinteractionsystems.
Intheresearchofmultimodalemotionalcomputing,averyimportantresearchbranchistheresearchofemotionalrobotsandemotionalvirtualhumans.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyintheUnitedStates,TokyoUniversityofScienceandTechnologyinJapan,andCarnegieMellonUniversityintheUnitedStateshaveallmadegooddemonstrationsystemsinthisfield.Atpresent,theStateKeyLaboratoryofPatternRecognitionoftheInstituteofAutomationoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshasintegratedemotionprocessingintotheirexistingmulti-modalinteractionplatformforspeechandface,combiningitwithaseriesofemotionalspeechsynthesis,facemodeling,visememodel,etc.Cutting-edgetechnologyhasbuiltalifelikeemotionalvirtualavatar,andisactivelyturningtoembeddedplatformsandgameplatformsandotherpracticalapplications.
Personalizedservice
Withthefurtherin-depthstudyofemotionalcomputing,peoplearenotonlysatisfiedwithapplyingitinsimplehuman-computerinteractionplatforms,butalsoexpandingtoawiderangeofInterfacedesign,psychologicalanalysis,behaviorinvestigationandotheraspectstoimprovethequalityofserviceandincreasethepersonalizedcontentoftheservice.Onthisbasis,somepeoplehavebeguntoconductresearchonAffectiveAgentsinordertobuildalife-likebodycapableofemotionrecognitionandgenerationthroughthebehavioralpatternofemotionalinteraction,andusethismodeltoreplacesomeofthetraditionalcomputingTheapplicationmodel(suchastheroleofcomputergames,etc.)makescomputersandapplicationsmorealive,enablingthemtoproducesomebehaviorsorthinkingactivitiessimilartohumans.Thisresearchwillalsogiveagreaterimpetustotheoverallresearchofartificialintelligencefromtheside.
Emotionunderstandingmodel
Therecognitionandunderstandingofemotionalstateisthekeysteptoempowerthecomputertounderstandtheemotionandreactappropriately.Thisstepusuallyinvolvesextractingfeaturesforrecognitionfromhumanemotioninformation,suchasidentifyingeyebrowsfromasmilingface,andthenlettingthecomputerlearnthesefeaturessothattheycanaccuratelyrecognizetheiremotionsinthefuture.
Inordertoenablecomputerstobetterperformemotionrecognitiontasks,scientistshaveclassifiedhumanemotionsinareasonableandclearmanner,andproposedseveralbasicemotions.Atpresent,alargenumberofresearchresultsofpatternrecognition,artificialintelligence,speechandimagetechnologyareusedinthemethodsofemotionrecognitionandunderstanding.Forexample:Basedontheacousticanalysisofemotionalspeech,linearstatisticalmethodsandneuralnetworkmodelsareusedtorealizetheprototypeofvoice-basedemotionrecognition;byencodingthefacialmotionarea,usingHMMandotherdifferentmodels,thefacialemotioncharacteristicsareestablished.Recognitionmethod;throughtheanalysisofhumanpostureandmovement,exploretheemotionalcategoryofbodymovementandsoon.
However,affectedbytheemotionalinformationcapturetechnologyandlackoflarge-scaleemotionaldataresources,theresearchontheemotionalunderstandingmodelofmulti-featurefusionneedstobein-depth.Withfuturetechnologicalprogress,moreeffectivemachinelearningmechanismswillalsobeproposed.
Dailylifeapplications
Emotionalcomputingandintelligentinteractiontechnologytrytoestablishaprecisenaturalinteractionmethodbetweenhumansandcomputers,whichwillbeanimportantmeansforcomputingtechnologytopenetrateintohumansociety..Withthecontinuousbreakthroughoftechnologyinthefuture,theapplicationofaffectivecomputingisimperative,anditsimpactondailylifeinthefuturewillbeinallaspects.Atpresent,wecanforesee:
EmotionalcomputingwilleffectivelychangethepastThecomputer'srigidinteractiveserviceimprovestheintimacyandaccuracyofhuman-computerinteraction.Acomputerwithemotionalcapabilitiescanacquire,classify,recognize,andrespondtohumanemotions,therebyhelpinguserstoobtainefficientandintimatefeelings,effectivelyreducingpeople’sfrustrationinusingcomputers,andevenhelpingpeopleunderstandthemselvesandtheirfeelings.Theemotionalworldofothers.
Itcanalsohelpusincreasethesafetyofusingequipment(forexample,whenasystemusingthistypeoftechnologydetectsthatthedriver’senergyisnotconcentrated,itcanchangethestateandresponseofthecarintime),humanizetheexperience,anduseThecomputer'slearningfunctionasamediumisoptimized,andfeedbackinformationiscollectedfromus.Forexample,aresearchprojectusedacomputerinacartomeasurethelevelofstressexperiencedbydriverstohelpsolvetheso-called"roadrage"problemofdrivers.
Emotionalcomputingandrelatedresearchcanalsobringbenefitstoenterprisesinvolvedinthefieldofe-commerce.Studieshaveshownthatdifferentimagescanevokedifferenthumanemotions.Forexample,picturesofsnakes,spiders,andgunscancausefear,whilepicturesoflargeamountsofdollarcashandgoldnuggetscancauseaverystrongpositivereaction.Ifshoppingwebsitesandstocktradingwebsitesaredesignedtostudyandconsiderthesignificanceofthesefactors,itwillhaveaverypositiveimpactontheincreaseinpassengerflow.
Ininformationappliancesandsmartinstruments,addingthefunctionofautomaticallysensingpeople'semotionalstatecanprovidebetterservices.
Ininformationretrievalapplications,throughtheconceptanalysisfunctionofsentimentanalysis,theaccuracyandefficiencyofintelligentinformationretrievalcanbeimproved.
Inthedistanceeducationplatform,theapplicationofemotionalcomputingtechnologycanincreasetheteachingeffect.
Usingmulti-modeemotionalinteractiontechnology,youcanbuildsmartspacesorvirtualscenesthatareclosertopeople'slives.
Emotionalcomputingcanalsobeappliedinrobots,smarttoys,gamesandotherrelatedindustriestobuildmoreanthropomorphicstylesandmorerealisticscenes.
Relatedresearch
Currently,theresearchanddevelopmentofartificialintelligencehasreachedahighlevel,anditsresearchcontentisgraduallyexpandingandextending.Theresearchonhumanemotionandcognitionisanadvancedstageofartificialintelligence.Itsresearchwillgreatlypromotetheprogressofanthropomorphiccontroltheory,emotionalrobots,humanizedproductdesignandmarketdevelopment,andultimatelycreateapersonandperson.,Contributetoaharmonioussocialenvironmentbetweenhumansandmachines.Psychologistsbelievethatthenextmajorbreakthroughinartificialintelligencemaycomefromgivingmachinesmorelogicalintelligencethangivingcomputersmoreemotionalintelligence.Theresearchonhumanemotionandcognitionisaqualitativeprogressundertheframeworkofartificialintelligencetheory.Becauseitexpandsandembracesemotionalintelligencefromtheperspectiveofbreadth,andfromtheperspectiveofdepth,emotionalintelligenceembodiesahigherlevelofintelligenceinhumanintelligentthinkingandreaction.Thestudyofhumanemotionandcognitionwillsurelyshowanewdirectionforthefutureapplicationofcomputers.ResearchinthisfieldmainlyincludesAffectiveComputing,ArtificailPsychologyandKanseiEngineering.
ThetheoryofartificialpsychologywasproposedbyProfessorWangZhiliang,aprofessorattheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,ChinaandthedirectoroftheArtificialPsychologyandArtificialEmotionProfessionalCommitteeoftheChineseAssociationofArtificialIntelligence.Hepointedoutthatartificialpsychologyistheuseofinformationsciencetosimulatepeople’smentalactivities(focusingonhumanemotions,will,character,andcreation)morecomprehensivelyandonceagainwithartificialmachines(computers,modelalgorithms,etc.).Psychologystudiestheproblemsofartificialemotions,emotionsandcognition,andtherealizationofartificialmachinesformotivesandemotionsonthebroadlevelofpsychology.
JapanhasbeenstudyingKanseiEngineeringsincethe1990s.Theso-calledperceptualengineeringisthetechnologythatcombinesperceptualandengineering.Itisbasedonperceptualscienceandthroughtheanalysisofhumanperceptualneedstoincorporatehumanperceptualneedsintoproductdesignandmanufacturing.Itisanengineeringperspective.Realizethetechnologyandscienceofproductmanufacturingthatcanbringjoyandsatisfactiontomankind.Japanhasformedaclimaxofnationalresearchonperceptualengineering.
EuropeanUnioncountriesarealsoactivelyresearchingemotionalinformationprocessingtechnologies(expressionsrecognition,emotionalinformationmeasurement,wearablecomputing,etc.).ManyEuropeanuniversitieshaveestablishedresearchgroupsontherelationshipbetweenemotionandintelligence.Amongthemorefamousonesare:theEmotionResearchLaboratoryledbyKlausSobereroftheUniversityofGeneva.TheemotionalrobotresearchgroupledbyD.CanamerooftheFreeUniversityofBrusselsandtheCognitionandAffectProjectledbyA.SlomanoftheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.Intermsofmarketapplications,MehrdadJaladi-SoliandothersinGermanyproposedamulti-modelshoppingassistantbasedontheEMBASSIsystemin2001.EMBASSIisanetwork-basede-commercesystemthatisfundedbytheGermanMinistryofEducationandResearch(BMBF)andparticipatedbymorethan20universitiesandcompanies.Itisanetwork-basede-commercesystemthatconsidersconsumerpsychologyandenvironmentalneedsastheresearchgoal.
Theresearchonthetheoryandtechnologyofartificialemotionandcognitioninmycountrybeganinthe1990s,andmostoftheresearchworkisaimedattherealizationofartificialemotionunittheoryandtechnology.HarbinInstituteofTechnologyresearchesmultifunctionalperceptrons,mainlyincludingexpressionrecognition,facerecognition,facedetectionandtracking,signlanguagerecognition,signlanguagesynthesis,expressionsynthesis,lipreading,etc.,andcooperateswithHaiertoresearchservicerobots.TsinghuaUniversityhasconductedresearchonthearchitectureofrobotcontrolbasedonartificialemotions.BeijingJiaotongUniversityconductsresearchonthefusionofmultifunctionalperceptronsandemotionalcomputing.TheInstituteofAutomaticBiology,ChineseAcademyofSciencesmainlyresearchesidentityverificationbasedonbiometrics.
Thecurrentinternationalartificialintelligencefieldisincreasinglyactiveinthefieldofartificialemotionandcognition.TheAmericanAssociationforArtificialIntelligence(AAAI)successivelyorganizedprofessionalacademicconferencestodiscussartificialemotionandcognitionin1998,1999and2004.Domesticresearchershavealsocarriedoutmanyresearchworkandacademicactivities.InDecember2003,thefirstChinaAffectiveComputingandIntelligentInteractionAcademicConferencewasheldinBeijing.ThefirstInternationalAcademicConferenceonAffectiveComputingandIntelligentInteractionheldinBeijinginOctober2005broughttogetherworld-classfamousexpertsandscholarsinemotionalcomputing,artificialemotionandartificialpsychology.Thisshowsthattheresearchonartificialemotionandartificialpsychologyinourcountryisgraduallyunfoldingandisinlinewiththeinternationallevel.
Theresearchonemotioncomputingcanberoughlydividedintothreeparts:emotionrecognition,emotionmodelingandemotionresponse,amongwhichemotionrecognitionisundoubtedlythemostbasicandmostimportantpart.
Tosumup,theresearchonhumanemotionandcognition,includingtheresearchonemotionrecognition,hasreceivedextensiveattentionfromresearchersbothintheoryandpractice.Theresearchhasimportanttheoreticalandapplicationvalue.Researchonthisissuewillultimatelypromotethefurtherdevelopmentofartificialintelligenceandachievethegoalofhuman-machineharmony.
Relatedstandards
AttherecentISO/IECJTC1/SC35conferenceinBerlin,Germany,threeChinesescientificresearchinstitutes,theInstituteofSoftwareoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,theChinaInstituteofElectronicTechnologyStandardization,andXiaoiRobotThe"InformationTechnology—EmotionalComputingUserInterface—Framework"proposaljointlyputforwardbyinstitutionsandenterpriseswasformallyapproved.ThisisthefirststandardforemotionalcomputingintheUserInterfaceSub-Committee,anditisalsoChina'sfirstinternationalstandardinthefieldofuserinterface.
Basiccontent
Peoplelookforwardtoowningandusingmorehumaneandintelligentcomputers.Inhuman-computerinteraction,peoplehavechangedfromoperatingcomputerstocomputer-assistedpeople;frompeopleturningaroundcomputerstocomputersturningaroundpeople;computersturningfromcognitivetointuitive.Obviously,inordertoachievethesechanges,thecomputerinhuman-computerinteractionshouldhaveemotionalcapabilities.Emotionalcomputingresearchisanattempttocreateacomputingsystemthatcanperceive,recognize,andunderstandhumanemotions,andcanmakeintelligent,sensitive,andfriendlyresponsestohumanemotions.
Emotionsareusedtoexpressavarietyofdifferentinnerexperiences(suchasemotions,moodsandpreferences),emotionsareusedtoexpressveryshortbutintenseinnerexperiences,andmoodsorstatesareusedtodescribeintensityLowbutlastinginnerexperience.Emotionisthemaintenanceorchangeofacertainrelationshipbetweenapersonandtheenvironment.Whenanobjectivethingorsituationmeetstheneedsanddesiresofaperson,itwillarousepositiveandaffirmativeemotions,andwhenitdoesnotconform,itwillcausenegativeandnegativeemotions.
Emotionhasthreecomponents:⑴subjectiveexperience,thatis,theindividual’sself-perceptionofdifferentemotionalstates;⑵externalexpression,thatis,expression,thequantifiedformofactionsofvariouspartsofthebodywhentheemotionalstateoccurs.Expressionsincludefacialexpressions(apatterncomposedofchangesinfacialmuscles),postureexpressions(expressionactionsinotherpartsofthebody),andintonationexpressions(changesinthetone,rhythm,speed,etc.ofspeech);⑶Physiologicalarousal,thatis,thephysiologyofemotions.Responseisaphysiologicalactivationlevelwithdifferentresponsemodes.
Insummary,theimportantroleofemotionismainlymanifestedinfouraspects:emotionisapsychologicaltoolforpeopletoadapttosurvival,canstimulatepsychologicalactivitiesandbehavioralmotives,isanorganizerofpsychologicalactivities,andisalsoaninterpersonalcommunicationAnimportantmeansofcommunication.Fromtheperspectiveofbiologicalevolution,wecandividehumanemotionsintobasicemotionsandcomplexemotions.Basicemotionsareinnate,withindependentneurophysiologicalmechanisms,internalexperienceandexternalperformance,aswellasdifferentadaptivefunctions.Peoplehavefivebasicemotions.Theyarehappinesswhenthecurrentgoalisprogressing,anxietywhenthegoalofself-protectionisthreatened,sadnesswhenthecurrentgoalcannotbeachieved,angerwhenthecurrentgoalisfrustratedorhindered,andtaste(Taste)Disgustthatgoesagainstthegoal.Thecomplexemotionsarederivedfromdifferentcombinationsofbasicemotions.
Emotionalmeasurementincludesthemeasurementofthreecomponentsofemotionaldimension,expressionandphysiologicalindicators.Forexample,ifwewanttodetermineaperson’sanxietylevel,wecanusequestionnairestomeasuretheirsubjectivefeelings,measurefacialexpressionsbyrecordingandanalyzingfacialmuscleactivity,measurebloodpressurewithasphygmomanometer,conductlaboratorytestsonbloodsamples,andmeasurethelevelofadrenalineintheblood,etc..
Determiningtheemotionaldimensionisofgreatsignificancetoemotionalmeasurement,becauseonlywhentheemotionaldimensionisdetermined,canamoreaccurateassessmentofemotionalexperiencebemade.Theemotionaldimensionhastwopolarities.Forexample,emotionalexcitementcanbedividedintotwopolarities:excitementandcalm.Excitementreferstoastrongandexplicitemotionalstate,andcalmreferstoastableandquietemotionalstate.Theemotionaldimensiontheoryofpsychologybelievesthatthespacecomposedofseveraldimensionsincludesallhumanemotions.However,whetheremotionistwo-dimensional,three-dimensional,orfour-dimensional,researchershavenotreachedaconsensus.Thetwo-dimensionaltheoryofemotionbelievesthatemotionhastwoimportantdimensions:(1)Pleasure(somepeoplehaveproposedtouseapproach-evasioninsteadofpleasure);(2)Activation,whichisthedegreeofbodyenergyassociatedwiththeemotionalstate.Studieshavefoundthatstartlereflexcanbeusedasaphysiologicalindicatorformeasuringpleasure,whilegalvanicskinresponsecanbeusedasaphysiologicalindicatorformeasuringarousal.
Manykindsofphysiologicalindicatorshavebeenusedinhuman-computerinteractionresearch,suchascortisollevel,heartrate,bloodpressure,respiration,electricalskinactivity,palmsweat,pupildiameter,event-relatedpotential,EEGWait.Therecordingofphysiologicalindicatorsrequiresspecificequipmentandtechnology.Whenmeasuring,itissometimesdifficultforresearcherstoseparatetheeffectsofvariousconfoundingfactorsontherecordedphysiologicalindicators.Thecontentofemotionalcomputingresearchincludesreal-timeacquisitionandmodelingofdynamicemotionalinformationinthree-dimensionalspace,emotionalrecognitionandunderstandingbasedonmulti-modalanddynamictimeseriesfeatures,andtheoriesandmethodsofinformationfusion,automaticgenerationofemotionsandmulti-orientedModalemotionalexpression,andtheestablishmentofalarge-scaledynamicemotionaldataresourcedatabasebasedonphysiologicalandbehavioralcharacteristics.
ThemajorinformationtechnologylaboratoriesinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesaresteppingupresearchonemotionalcomputingsystems.CambridgeUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Philips,etc.havepioneeredthisfieldbyimplementingscientificresearchprojectssuchas"EnvironmentalIntelligence","EnvironmentalRecognition",and"SmartHome".Forexample,theemotionalcomputingsystemdevelopedbytheemotionalcomputingteamoftheMITMediaLaboratorycollectsdatathroughcamerasthatrecordfacialexpressionsandbiosensorsconnectedtothehumanbody,andthenan"emotionalassistant"adjuststheprogramtoRecognizehumanemotions.IfyouareconfusedaboutasegmentoftheTVlecture,theemotionalassistantwillreplaythesegmentorgiveanexplanation.ResearchersfromMIT's"OxygenEngineering"andaworkinggroupatIMECinBelgiumbelievethatthedevelopmentofa"SwissArmyKnife"thatintegratesvariousapplicationtechnologiesmaybethekeytoprovidingmobileemotionalcomputingservices.Thecurrentdomesticemotionalcomputingresearchfocusesonacquiringphysiologicalandbehavioralcharacteristicsignalscausedbyhumanemotionsthroughvarioussensors,establishingan"emotionalmodel",therebycreatingapersonalemotionalcomputingsystem.Theresearchcontentmainlyincludesfacialexpressionprocessing,emotionalcomputingmodelingmethods,emotionalspeechprocessing,gestureprocessing,emotionalanalysis,naturalhuman-machineinterface,emotionalrobots,etc.
Contextualizationisanewhotspotintheresearchofhuman-computerinteraction.Thecommunicationcapabilitiesofthenaturalandharmoniousintelligenthuman-machineinterfaceinclude:⑴Naturalcommunication:cansee,hear,speak,andtouch;⑵Activecommunication:haveexpectations,willaskquestions,andmakeadjustmentsintime;⑴Effectivecommunication:YesSensitivetochangesinthesituation,understandtheuser'semotionsandintentions,andgivedifferentfeedbackandsupporttodifferentusers,differentenvironments,anddifferenttasks.Therealizationofthesecharacteristicsdependstoalargeextentonthenewprogressmadeintheresearchofhumanintelligenceandemotioninpsychologicalscienceandcognitivescience.Weneedtoknowhowpeopleperceivetheenvironment,whatemotionsandintentionspeopleproduce,andhowpeoplerespondappropriately,soastohelpcomputersperceivetheenvironmentcorrectly,understandtheuser'semotionsandintentions,andrespondappropriately.Therefore,the"intelligence"ofthehuman-computerinterfaceshouldnotonlyhavehighcognitiveintelligence,butalsohighemotionalintelligence,soastoeffectivelysolvetheproblemofsituationalperceptioninhuman-computerinteraction,thegenerationandunderstandingofemotionsandintentions,andresponses.Dealwiththeproblem.
Obviously,emotionalcommunicationisacomplexprocessthatisnotonlyaffectedbytime,place,environment,characters,objects,andexperiences,butalsobyfacialexpressions,language,actions,orphysicalcontact.Inhuman-computerinteraction,computersneedtocapturekeyinformation,perceivechangesinhumanemotions,formexpectations,makeadjustments,andrespond.Forexample,bymodelingdifferenttypesofusers(suchasoperatingmethods,facialfeatures,attitudepreferences,cognitivestyles,knowledgebackground,etc.)toidentifytheuser’semotionalstate,anduseeffectivecluestoselectasuitableusermodel(suchas,Proactivelyprovidecorrespondingeffectiveinformationexpectationsbasedonpossibleusermodels),andpresentinformationinamannersuitableforcurrenttypesofusers(forexample,presentationmethods,operationmethods,decisionsupportrelatedtoknowledgebackground,etc.);Atthesametimeofinstantfeedback,newexpectationsshouldbeformedfortheintentionbehindtheemotionalchanges,andthecorrespondingdatabaseshouldbeactivatedtoprovidenewinformationthatusersneedinatimelyandproactivemanner.
Affectivecomputingisahighlyintegratedtechnicalfield.Throughthecombinationofcomputationalscience,psychologicalscience,andcognitivescience,studyingtheemotionalcharacteristicsofhuman-humaninteractionandhuman-computerinteraction,anddesigningahuman-computerinteractionenvironmentwithemotionalfeedback,itwillbepossibletorealizetheemotionalinteractionbetweenhumansandcomputers.Sofar,relevantresearchhasmadecertainprogressinfacialexpressions,postureanalysis,andspeechemotionrecognitionandexpression.
Currently,thechallengesfacingemotionalcomputingresearcharestillinmanyaspects:⑴Emotionalinformationacquisitionandmodeling,forexample,detailedandaccurateemotionalinformationacquisition,descriptionandparameterizedmodeling,massiveemotionaldataResourcelibrary,multi-featurefusionemotionalcomputingtheoreticalmodel;⑵emotionrecognitionandunderstanding,forexample,multi-modalemotionrecognitionandunderstanding;⑶emotionexpression,forexample,multi-modalemotionexpression(image,voice,physiologicalcharacteristics,etc.),Theimpactofnaturalscenesonphysiologicalandbehavioralcharacteristics;⑷Therealizationofnaturalandharmonioushumanizationandintelligenthuman-computerinteraction.Forexample,anemotionalcomputingsystemneedstointegratealargeamountofwidelydistributeddata,andthenpresentitinapersonalizedway.Everyuser.
Emotionalcomputinghasawiderangeofapplications.Byacquiring,classifying,identifying,andrespondingtohumanemotions,computershelpusersobtainefficientandintimatefeelings,effectivelyalleviatepeople’sfrustrationinusingcomputers,andevenhelppeopleunderstandtheirownandothers’emotionalworld.Theemotionaldesignofcomputerscanhelpusincreasethesafetyofusingequipment,humanizeexperience,andoptimizethefunctionofcomputersasamediumforlearning.Ininformationretrieval,throughtheconceptanalysisfunctionofsentimentanalysis,theaccuracyandefficiencyofintelligentinformationretrievalcanbeimproved.
Lookingforwardtothepotentialofmoderntechnology,weexpectthatthefutureworldwillbefullofcomputersthatfunctionwell,areeasytooperate,andevenhaveemotionalcharacteristics.
Objectiveessence
Summaryofcontent
Emotionsbelongtothecategoryofsubjectiveconsciousness,andthemanifestationsofemotionshaveahighdegreeofsubjectivearbitrariness,randomnessofchange,andambiguityofcharacteristicsIncontrasttoindividualdifferences,itisanimpossibledreamtoanalyzetheobjectiveregularityofemotionintheprocessofrecognition,understanding,andexpressiononlyfromthemanifestationofemotion.Onlybyjumpingbeyondthescopeofsubjectiveconsciousnessandexploringthescopeofobjectiveexistencecanwetrulyfindtheobjectiveregularityofemotionintheprocessofrecognition,understanding,andexpression.
Dialecticalmaterialismbelievesthatanyformofsubjectiveconsciousnessisareflectionofacertainobjectiveexistence,andemotionisasubjectivereflectionofthevaluerelationshipbetweenpeopleandthings,thatis,theobjectiveexistencecorrespondingtoemotionsisthething’sValuerelationship.Obviously,valuebelongstothecategoryofobjectiveexistence.Generallyspeaking,thevaluerelationshipofthingshasahighdegreeofobjectivereality,changeinevitability,characteristiccertaintyandindividualcommonality.Onlythroughthemysteriousveilofemotionexpressioncanwetrulyscientifically,comprehensively,accuratelyandprofoundlydiscovertheobjectiveregularityofthevaluerelationshiprepresentedbyemotionintheprocessofrecognition,understandingandexpression.
EssenceofEmotionalExpression
Humanemotionalexpressionoriginallyoriginatedfromanaturalmanifestationofhuman’sphysiologicalresponsetothevaluethingstheytouch.Oncehumanemotionisgenerated,itwillevokevariousphysiologicalreactionssuchasrespiratoryresponse,heartresponse,vascularresponse,gastrointestinalresponse,endocrineresponse,exocrineresponse,etc.,andspontaneouslythroughphysiologicalindicatorssuchasskinvoltage,bloodpressure,heartbeat,andglandularsecretion.Itappearsthatmostofthembelongtounconditionalreflexes,andtheregulationandcontroleffectofwillonthemisverylimited.Theobjectivepurposeofthesephysiologicalreactionsisto:ontheonehand,enablepeopletoformnecessaryphysical,behavioral,andspiritualpreparationsbeforehand;ontheotherhand,enablepeopletocorrectlyguidephysical,behavioral,andspiritualactivitiesintheevent.Itenablespeopletomakecorrectconclusionsonthechangesinvaluerelationshipsafterthefact,sumupexperienceandlearnlessonsintime,andformthenecessarypre-preparationstatefortheemergenceofthenextsimilarthing.
EssenceofEmotionRecognition
Intheprocessofproductionactivitiesandsocialinteractions,inordertobettercarryoutthedivisionoflaborandcooperation,peoplemusttimelyandaccuratelyunderstandthevaluerelationshipbetweeneachother,Mainlyincludesthreeaspects:thevaluerelationshipoftheotherparty(ability,occupation,physicalcondition,socialstatus,etc.);theotherparty'sattitudetowardsthesamething(for,against,neutral,etc.);theotherparty'sattitudetowardsthemselvesandrelatedthings(Like,hate);etc.
Inshort,theobjectivenatureofemotionalexpressionisthatpeoplewanttoshowtheirownvaluerelationshiptoothers,andtheobjectivenatureorobjectivemotivationofemotionalrecognitionisthatpeoplewanttounderstandandmasterthevaluerelationshipofeachother,soitistrulyscientificandcomprehensive.Emotional,accurateandprofoundemotionalcalculationmustbebasedonvaluecalculation.Theobjectiveessenceof"emotionalcalculation"is"valuecalculation".
Theoreticalframework
Summaryofcontent
Thegenerationandoperationofemotionisaverycomplexprocess,andemotionalcomputingmustbebasedonscientificemotionaltheory.,Isthereality.Withouttheguidanceofanewscientificemotionaltheory,itisimpossibletodevelopemotionalrobotsinthetruesense.Thisbrand-newemotionaltheorymustbreakthroughthelimitationsofpsychology,andmustalsobreakthroughthelimitationsofsocialsciences,andbecomeanindependent,intersectingscientifictheorythatspansnaturalsciencesandsocialsciences.Itsfundamentalpurposeliesinthedigitizationofemotions.Thisbrand-newemotionaltheoryis"mathematicalsentimentology",whichtakesthe"unifiedtheoryofvalue"asitstheoreticalpremiseandusesmathematicallogictoanalyzeemotionalphenomenaandthescienceofemotionallaws.
Tosumup,"UnifiedValueTheory"and"MathematicalEmotions"mainlycompletethetheoreticalframeworkofemotionalrobotsthroughthefollowingsteps.
Achieveaunifiedmeasurement
①Transformthe"dissipativestructuretheory"ofphysics,definetheconceptof"value"fromtheperspectiveofphysics(ie,generalizedorderingenergy),andmakethetheoryofvalueEstablishedonthebasisofnaturalscience;②Realizetheunifiedmeasurementoftheusevalueoflivingmaterials;Then,realizetheunifiedmeasurementofthelaborvalue;③Realizetheunifiedmeasurementoftheusevalueofproductionmaterials.Inthisway,allvalueshaveaunified,clearandstablemetricorscale:energyscale(Joule).
Thelawofgeneralizedvalue
①The“lawofmaximumvaluerate”isderivedfromthe“lawofmaximumordering”(thevaluerateistheratioofoutputvaluetoinputvalueperunittime,Intheeconomicfield,therateofvalueistherateofprofit);②Deducedfromthe“lawofmaximumvaluerate”“thelawofchoiceorientation”or“thelawofmedianvaluerate”;③fromthe“lawofmedianvaluerate”derives“generalizedvalue”law".Thebasicconnotationofthegeneralizedlawofvalueis:thevaluerateofthingsisconstantlyapproachingthesubject'smedianvaluerate.Inotherwords,thedifferenceinthevaluerateofthings(thatis,thedifferencebetweenthevaluerateofthingsandthemedianvaluerateofthesubject)keepsgoingtozero.
Mutualrelations
①Knowledge(cognition),emotion(emotion),andwill(will)arethethreebasicformsofhumanmentalactivity.Theyaretherelationshipbetweenfactandvalue.Asubjectivereflectionoftherelationshipwithone'sownbehavior;②Thevaluerelationshipisaspecialfactualrelationship,andtheownbehaviorrelationshipisaspecialvaluerelationship.Therefore,emotionisaspecialkindofcognition,andwillisaspecialkindofEmotion;③Cognitionismainlyabouttheknowledgeof"how",emotionismainlyabouttheknowledgeof"how",andwillismainlyabouttheknowledgeof"howtodo";④Emotionisbasedoncognition,andcognitionisbasedonemotion.Orientation,thewillisbasedontheemotion,andtheemotionisorientedbythewill.
Mathematicalmodel
①Thephilosophicalessenceofemotionsandvaluesis"asubjectivereflectionofthehumanbrainonthevaluecharacteristicsofthings",amongwhichemotionsareindirecttothevaluecharacteristicsofthingsAndrelativereflection,andvaluesarethedirectandabsolutereflectionofthevaluecharacteristicsofthings;②Theobjectivepurposeofvaluesistoidentifythe“valuerateofthings”,andamathematicalmatrixcomposedofthevalueratesofalldifferentthingscanbeusedtodescribeaPeople’svaluesystem(ieW={ωi×j}m×n);③Theobjectivepurposeofemotionistoidentify"thevalueratedifferenceofthings",andamathematicalmatrixcomposedofthevalueratedifferencesofalldifferentthingscanbeusedtoDescribeaperson’semotionalsystem(ieM={μi×j}m×n);④Theemotionalmatrixandthecorrespondingactioncoefficientmatrixcanperformintersectionandunionoperations;⑤EachemotionalelementintheemotionalsystemisalsoItcanbecomposedofanemotionalmatrixcomposedofseveralemotionalsub-elements,therebyformingatwo-dimensionalandmulti-dimensionalemotionalmatrix.
EstablishingWill
①Thephilosophicalessenceofwillis"asubjectivereflectionofthehumanbrain'sownbehavioralvaluecharacteristics";②Theobjectivepurposeofwillistorecognizeandprocess"self-behavior"Thevaluerateof"",amathematicalmatrixcomposedofthevalueratedifferenceofalldifferentbehaviorscanbeusedtodescribeaperson’svolitionsystem(ieX={xi×j}m×n);③thevolitionmatrixandthecorrespondingcoefficientofactionTogetherwiththematrices,intersectionoperationsandunionoperationscanbeperformed;④Eachvolitionelementinthevolitionsystemcanbecomposedofavolitionmatrixcomposedofseveralvolitionsub-elements,thusformingatwo-dimensionalandmulti-dimensionalvolitionmatrix,whichissupercomplexThewillofbehavioriscomposedofanumberofwillmatricesofcomplexbehavior,thewillofcomplexbehavioriscomposedofanumberofwillmatricesofsimplebehavior,andthewillofsimplebehavioriscomposedofanumberofwillmatricesofinstinctivebehavior.
Theinternallogicprogram
①Thelogicprogramofemotionalexpressionisroughly:toreceivethestimulussignalofthething,extractthevalueofthething,comparethemedianvaluerateofthepersonitself,anddeterminetheemotionIntensityanddirection,selectemotionalexpressionmode,receiveandprocessthefeedbacksignalgeneratedbyemotionalexpression;②Thelogicprocedureofemotionalrecognitionisroughly:receivestimulussignalsofthings,detectandextractcharacteristicparameters,compareemotionalmodes,generateemotionalresponses,andstoreEmotionalinformationistransferredtotheemotionalmatrix;③Thelogicprocedureofemotionalcalculationisroughly:"logarithmicconversion"ofthevalueratedifferenceofthingsintoemotionalintensity,andperformintersectionandunionoperationsonemotionalintensitytogeneratenewemotionalintensity.The"indexreduction"ofemotionalstrengthisthevalueratedifferenceofnewthings;④Thelogicprocedureofemotionalcorrectionisroughly:peopleunderstandtheactualvalueratedifferenceofsomethingthroughfeelingandthinking,andtheemotionalmatrixinthebrainremembersthething.Ifthereisacertaindifferenceinthesubjectivevaluerateoftheperson,peoplewillmodifytheemotionalintensityofthething.
Explaintheoperationofwill
①Thelogicprocedureofwillexpression(thatis,behaviorimplementation)isroughly:toreceivethestimulussignalofacertainvaluetargetthing,andextractthemosteffectiverealizationofthevaluetarget.Thesubjectivevaluerateofavarietyofrelatedbehaviors(thatis,behavioralvalues),comparetheirownmedianvaluerate,determinethewillstrengthanddirectionofavarietyofrelatedbehaviors,selecttherelatedbehaviorwiththegreatestwillstrength,andorganizetheimplementationoftherelatedbehavior.②Thelogicprocedureofwillcalculation(thatis,behaviordesign)isroughlyasfollows:establishavaluegoal(accordingtotheneedsofone'sownsurvivalanddevelopment),designanoverallplan(accordingtothelawofmaximumvaluerate,decomposethesuper-complexbehaviorintoseveralcomplexbehaviors,andpassTheunionoperationandintersectionoperationofthewilltocalculatethestrengthofthewillofthesuper-complexbehavior),theformulationofimplementationrules(accordingtothelawofmaximumvaluerate,thecomplexbehaviorisdecomposedintoanumberofsimplebehaviors,andthroughtheunionoperationandintersectionoperationofthewill,Calculatethewillstrengthofthecomplexbehavior),implementthespecificbehavior(accordingtothelawofmaximumvaluerate,decomposethesimplebehaviorintoseveralinstinctivebehaviors,andcalculatethewillstrengthofthesimplebehaviorthroughtheunionoperationandintersectionoperationofthewill),theabove-mentionedlevelsofwillstrength"indexreduction"tothecorrespondingbehaviorvalueratedifference.③Thelogicprocedureofwillmodificationisroughly:peopleunderstandtheactualvaluerateofacertainbehaviorthroughfeelingandthinking,andthereisacertaindifferencebetweenthesubjectivevaluerateofthebehaviormemorizedbythewillmatrixinthebrain,andpeoplewillCorrectthestrengthofwillforthematter.
Regulationmechanism
①Establishthecorrespondingrelationshipbetweenvariousemotionalmodelsandvaluechanges,andsetandregulatevariousemotionalmodelsaccordingtoactualneeds;②Deduced"EmotionalintensityfirstLaw”(thatis,theintensityofemotionisproportionaltothelogarithmofthevalueratedifferenceofthings,μ=Kmlog(1+ΔP)),andaccordingtoactualneeds,setandregulatetheintensitycoefficientofemotion;③Emotional“eightdynamiccharacteristics”(Intensity,stability,meticulousness,hierarchy,effectiveness,periodicity,timesequenceanddifference)precisedefinition,andaccordingtoactualneeds,setandcontrolthedynamiccharacteristicsofemotion;④The"eightdynamiccharacteristicsofwill""Makeprecisedefinitions,andsetandregulatethedynamiccharacteristicsofthewillaccordingtoactualneeds.Theobjectivepurposeofemotionregulationistoadaptthedynamiccharacteristicsofemotiontothechangingcharacteristicsofthevaluerelationshipthesubjectisin.Theobjectivepurposeofwillregulationistoadaptthedynamiccharacteristicsofwilltothechangingcharacteristicsofthesubject'svariousbehavioralvaluerelationships.