measuring background
1954, the State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping Geodetic team first created (referred to as a national measure brigade).
1960 Nian 5 25, China climbers successful ascent of Mount Everest from the north slope, creating the first human ascent of Mount Everest from the North Slope history.
1991 years, the country detected a brigade was awarded the "outstanding achievements, selfless dedication," the title of hero mapping unit, responsible for the construction and maintenance of the national mapping system of benchmarks, including national and provincial geodetic control network, elevation cloth measuring gravity control network and control network, mapping its operational capacity on behalf of the geodetic work of the highest standards, is the main force of my country's basic surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping over the years has provided a strong guarantee for the country's economic and social development.
In 1996, 2001, 2016, a large group of countries measured three times won the "National Advanced grass-roots party organizations," the honorary title.
May 8, 2008, the Beijing Olympic torch climb Mount Everest, to achieve the Olympic torch in the world's highest peak. This feat profound interpretation of the Olympic movement "faster, higher, stronger" objective and "peace, friendship and progress," the purpose.
2019 years, the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the establishment of People's Republic of China on the occasion, a national measure brigade was awarded the "most beautiful striver" collective title 9 central ministries.
measuring process
Important
2019 Nian October 12 to 13, during President Xi Jinping's state visit to Nepal, the two countries issued the "China people's Republic and Nepal joint statement ", which proposed: taking into account the Mount Everest is the eternal symbol of friendship between China and Nepal, both sides would like to advance climate change, environmental protection and other aspects of cooperation. The two sides will jointly announce in the height and carry out scientific research cooperation. For the implementation of the "People's Republic of China and Nepal Joint Statement", People's Republic of China Ministry of Natural Resources in conjunction with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the State Sports General Administration and the regional government organized the 2020 Everest elevation measurements.
2020 Everest (11)
height determination to promote the smooth operations, ensure the scientific, the results of measurements of elevation accuracy, natural resources Ministry of the elite forces of the Chinese Academy of Surveying and mapping, Surveying and mapping geographic information Bureau and Shaanxi China geological survey Bureau and other units, the preparation of the height determination of technical design document and implementation. SURVEYING academicians, experts and mapping technology and management SURVEYING academician led a rigorous screening and examination of "the integrated use of GNSS satellite measurements, precise leveling, electro-optical distance, snow depth radar measurements, gravity measurements, astronomical measurements, satellite remote sensing, Quasi-geoid refinement and many other traditional and modern mapping technology to accurately determine the elevation of Mount Everest, "the technical route, and fully affirmed.early ready
Since 2020, March 2, the National measure a team of 53 Mapping players, Everest and outlying areas, to overcome the environment, bad weather and the difficulties the new crown pneumonia affected by the outbreak, etc., are carrying out a level, gravity, the GNSS, and other astronomical measurements, done First leveling 480 km 240 km second leveling, gravimetry encryption 190 points, one point of absolute gravity measurements, astronomical measurements 1:00, local GNSS network for the 60 point, 21-point plate movement monitoring network, satellite navigation laid temporary reference station 2 continuously operating point, completed six reconnaissance height determination of the intersection point, selected from buried, elevation and other basic transmission measurements, The remaining small amount of basic survey work is progressing steadily.
the afternoon of April 30, 2020 officially launched the height determination by measuring a country brigade and Chinese mountaineering team composition.
May 6, the height determination of climbers departure ceremony held at the base camp of Mount Everest climbers. More than 30 players starting the day from an altitude of 5200 meters in the base camp, the summit opened in the height measurement.
climbing Deployment
The 2020 mountaineering deployment height determination, to the top, the establishment of the group, and group support collusion groups. It is time off, due to the top players in attack Chen Gang, Wang Wei, and Thorndon Tsewang from the Tibet Mountaineering Team of three people from a national measure Brigade, had had no experience of climbing 8000 meters above sea level peaks. This three players back from an altitude of 7028 meters of C1 camp, once any different happens, immediately off the bench to battle a support group of players. In the top-attack mobilization meeting, while arrangements for the person responsible for the ascent to the pinnacle of measuring instruments bear safety.
down times stressed that 2020 height determination of mountaineering activities to achieve three guarantees: to ensure the safety of personnel, to ensure the success of the summit, ensure the completion of the peak measurement.
Open measuring
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The first surprise
May 7, climbers stationed in advanced base camp altitude of 6500 meters.
May 8, climbers all the team members for a rest camp at an altitude of 6500 meters in advance. Morning, Lhasa, Tibet Himalayan mountain guides school of six roads Wizard, seven North Col transport personnel, 20 personnel transport an altitude of 8300 meters from the forward camp in preparation for the North Col by ice wall. When they climb to an altitude of 6700 meters, and found climbing routes on the snow is deep, dangerous flow of snow, all persons withdrawn forward camp.
May 9, because of bad weather, climbers will be withdrawn in two batches from the forward base camp for a rest camp altitude of 6500 meters. Road team and convoys remain in the advanced base camp waiting for good weather to the North Col by ice wall, to complete the roads and transport tasks. According judged that the measurement time than originally planned summit push.
at 7:10 on May days for the completion of roads and peak altitude of 8300 meters following transport tasks camp, climbers led by vice-captain Tsering Samdrup in Lhasa, Tibet Himalayan Mountaineering Guide School (hereinafter referred to as Tibet Mountaineering Guide school) of six players and seven road transport players, starting from the forward camp altitude of 6500 meters, 7028 meters above sea level advance to the C1 camp. Around 18:30, the second batch of climbers descended climbing team arrived at base camp.
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second assault
May 16 when 14 climbers from the team altitude of 5200 meters of climbing Everest base camp, once again to challenge Everest.
May 17, when 11 climbers from around 5800 meters above sea level in the transit camps, spent nearly five hours, walking nearly nine kilometers to reach the advanced base camp altitude of 6500 meters, good team state .
May 18, Mountaineering Team captain times falls altitude 6500 m of advance base camp will be held to mobilize top attack, attack publish the list of top players. 12 top players expected to attack the summit on May 22.
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third assault
at 14:15 on May 24, climbers some staff from the forward camp altitude of 6500 meters, 7028 meters above sea level access to the North Col camp, preparing for a third launch assault to the summit. Measuring climbers hoisting team roster is: time off, re-dong Yuan, Li Fuqing, Pub Dhondup Tsering Dorjee, Tsering Phuntsok, sub-Ren Luobu, Lobsang Dhondup.
May 26 when 11 climbers eight players from the C2 camp altitude of 7790 meters, will reach an altitude of 8300 meters assault camp.
successful ascent
because of the weather and so smoothly, Beijing time 11:00 on May 27 the whole, eight top climbers forces team, all successful ascent of Everest. They erected at the peak of the target plate GNSS antenna installation, to carry out the peak measurements.
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in the height determination climbers to carry out measurements members
Warrior Triumph
in the peak at 1:22 p.m. on the 27th , after two hours, the survey work has been completed! Warriors began to back down the mountain! Department of Natural Resources official microblogging blessing: the mood at the moment can not express in words! Only one: to pay tribute Dengfeng Warriors! You guys are the best!
Elevation publish
2020 December 8, Chinese President Xi Jinping exchanged letters with the President of Nepal Bhandari, announced the elevation of Mount Everest. Xi pointed out that last year, we announced the latest high Mount Everest Cheng Dacheng consensus on China and Nepal. Over the past year, the two teams overcome various difficulties and carry out work to finalize the snow surface elevation of Mount Everest based on global benchmark elevation. Today, I would like a classmate Dari President, on behalf of China and Nepal officially announced to the world, the latest elevation of Mount Everest is 8848.86 meters.
personnel
The 2020 mountaineering deployment height determination, to the top, the establishment of the group, and group support collusion groups. Among them, top-attack team leader for the second fall, and the remaining 11 top-attack group of players to re-dong Yuan, Li Fuqing, Chen Gang, Wang Wei, Thorndon Tsewang, Pub Dhondup Tsering Dorjee, Tsering Phuntsok, Sonam Wangchen , Lobsang Dhondup, sub-Ren Luobu. 12 collusion team leader as Tsering Samdrup, deputy head Wang as much support group leader Cai Qing, Zhang Weidong members as tribute autumn Thorndon, SONG.
measured Interpretation
measurement
combination of various ways satellite positioning measurements, precise leveling and the like. Height determination can be divided into "Trilogy", i.e., high-precision determination of starting elevation of the surface, the peak of "battle" and Everest final high altitude measurements determined.
China is the surface elevation of starting the Yellow Sea mean sea level, surveyors by leveling method, step by step, passing from Qingdao to the Everest region. In the Everest region, surveying a large number of staff to conduct pre-survey work and peripherals, including satellite positioning measurements Everest region, precise leveling, ground gravity surveying, aerial gravity measurement, precisely this high altitude zero "reference plane "Everest extends to below.
The real Everest "battle" is divided into three steps. "First, we need high-precision satellite positioning method, measuring the snow-capped Mount Everest position; at an altitude of 6000 meters, the fair use and trigonometric leveling method, measuring the summit after the players were inserted at the peak of the target plate is determined Everest height; Finally, measured by the radar deep snow, the measured peak range snow surface to the rock face, the ice layer thickness is the peak "Party Yamin introduced, after which they close by calculating the peak. the satellite positioning measurement results, the outcome of the intersection and trigonometric leveling imputed to the high altitude, including high snow surface and high rock faces.
is generally called "in the height" is obtained by deep snow peak radar observation ice layer thickness, and high school deducted from Everest elevation snow surface, rocks obtained Everest high surface elevation.
measurement difficulties
Chinese Academy of Surveying and Mapping Research Associate, 2020 height determination of expert Technical Coordination Group members Dr. Jiang Tao said the technical difficulty of measuring Everest and are extremely difficult to implement Big.
Jiang Tao, the height determination, for the first time launched the airborne gravity survey, which is the world's first airborne gravity survey carried out in the Everest region. "Everest itself terrain, incomplete data, the plane took off at high altitudes, the wind is particularly large, can be said to be high-risk, difficult flight. We high-level expert advice in repeated air force, civil aviation and meteorological departments, people determined to carry out aerial surveys of high risk, difficult in the Everest region. "Jiang Tao said that the current aerial survey mission successfully implemented, is nearing completion," we can take a hanging heart finally settled. "
difficultyin addition, due to the vagaries of the weather Everest, Everest peak measurements carried out is also great.
measurements
measured after the summit climbers, first need to erect survey markers measured at the peak. After erection of the target plate, six surveyors height determination of the intersection point, will be aimed at the target plate with ultra-long range finder observation. Meanwhile, the target plate will be fixed to the top of a satellite positioning device, high precision positioning to receive satellite signals. "But also for measuring snow depth at the peak of the radar, the team will carry up a ground penetrating radar measuring instrument, drag the instrument back and forth at the summit of the range around the peak of about 20 square meters is scanned to obtain data."
announcement of the results
after the measurement is completed, the technical coordination group will organize relevant units to complete the consolidation of all measurement data outside the industry, including finishing peak data quality check of the outcome observed outside the industry , data collection and so on. After that, all will be presented outside the industry measurement data to the data processing team, data processing and analysis.
This process takes about 2-3 months, the most important one is the Everest of three dimensional coordinates, which also includes data height plane. At the same time, we also like the geoid model Everest region, Everest integrated to determine the precise elevation. Part of the data p>
In June 2020, GNSS measurements in the height measurements, peak measurements, such as first-class leveling has been transferred to the Ministry of Natural Resources geodetic data processing center, the center of the working groups have been full in place, step up calculations, the entire data processing work will be completed around August 10.
innovative breakthrough
The height determination of priorities to achieve technological innovation and breakthroughs in the following five areas:
1, relying on the Beidou navigation satellite system, to carry out measurements;
2, domestic surveying instruments and equipment comprehensive featuring this measurement tasks;
3, application of airborne gravity technology, to enhance the measurement accuracy;
4, using the real three-dimensional technology, Everest visual display state of natural resources;
5, members of the summit observation mapping, obtain reliable measurements.